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Lu J, Wei J, Xiao X, Wei Y, Li M, Huang Y, Deng W, Wang H, Gui Z, Liu F, Jiang H, Zhang J, Weng J, Qu S. Efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy combined with nimotuzumab in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with cervical lymph node metastasis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 280:2479-2488. [PMID: 36577788 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07805-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES First, we retrospectively compared the clinical efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy combined with nimotuzumab vs. chemoradiotherapy alone in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and cervical lymph node metastasis. Second, we analyzed the value of Ki-67 as a predictor of nimotuzumab efficacy. METHODS From January 2012 to December 2019, 1250 patients with cervical lymph node metastasis eligible for enrollment were included, of whom 383 were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy combined with nimotuzumab (targeted therapy group), and 867 were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT group). A total of 381 pairs of patients were matched using 1:1 propensity score matching, and differences in clinical prognosis were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Overall survival (OS) (P = 0.028), disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.040), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (P = 0.040) were better in the targeted therapy compared to the CRT group. Multivariate analysis revealed that clinical staging, chemotherapy, and nimotuzumab therapy were predictors of OS and DFS. In the targeted therapy group, patients with ≥ 50% Ki-67 positivity had better OS and DFS rates than those with < 50% Ki-67 positivity. CONCLUSIONS In patients with stage N1-3 NPC and lymph node metastasis, the addition of nimotuzumab to concurrent chemoradiotherapy may provide additional survival benefits. Ki-67 is a potential biomarker with clinical predictive value for the efficacy of nimotuzumab combined with chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jiazhang Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China.,Institute of Oncology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Center for Optometry and Visual Science, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China.,Department of Scientific Research, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yunzhong Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yongta Huang
- Department of Pathology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Weiming Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Hanwei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zhi Gui
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - He Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jingjin Weng
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Shenhong Qu
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China. .,Institute of Oncology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, 530021, China.
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2
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A Novel CXCR4-Targeted Diphtheria Toxin Nanoparticle Inhibits Invasion and Metastatic Dissemination in a Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mouse Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040887. [PMID: 35456719 PMCID: PMC9032726 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Loco-regional recurrences and metastasis represent the leading causes of death in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients, highlighting the need for novel therapies. Chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) has been related to loco-regional and distant recurrence and worse patient prognosis. In this regard, we developed a novel protein nanoparticle, T22-DITOX-H6, aiming to selectively deliver the diphtheria toxin cytotoxic domain to CXCR4+ HNSCC cells. The antimetastatic effect of T22-DITOX-H6 was evaluated in vivo in an orthotopic mouse model. IVIS imaging system was utilized to assess the metastatic dissemination in the mouse model. Immunohistochemistry and histopathological analyses were used to study the CXCR4 expression in the cancer cells, to evaluate the effect of the nanotoxin treatment, and its potential off-target toxicity. In this study, we report that CXCR4+ cancer cells were present in the invasive tumor front in an orthotopic mouse model. Upon repeated T22-DITOX-H6 administration, the number of CXCR4+ cancer cells was significantly reduced. Similarly, nanotoxin treatment effectively blocked regional and distant metastatic dissemination in the absence of systemic toxicity in the metastatic HNSCC mouse model. The repeated administration of T22-DITOX-H6 clearly abrogates tumor invasiveness and metastatic dissemination without inducing any off-target toxicity. Thus, T22-DITOX-H6 holds great promise for the treatment of CXCR4+ HNSCC patients presenting worse prognosis.
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3
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Brennan S, Baird AM, O’Regan E, Sheils O. The Role of Human Papilloma Virus in Dictating Outcomes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:677900. [PMID: 34250016 PMCID: PMC8262095 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.677900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is an oncogenic virus which is associated with the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), predominantly within the oropharynx. Approximately 25% of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) cases worldwide are attributable to HPV infection, with an estimated 65% in the United States. Transmission is via exposure during sexual contact, with distinctive anatomical features of the tonsils providing this organ with a predilection for infection by HPV. No premalignant lesion is identifiable on clinical examination, thus no comparative histological features to denote the stages of carcinogenesis for HPV driven HNSCC are identifiable. This is in contrast to HPV-driven cervical carcinoma, making screening a challenge for the head and neck region. However, HPV proffers a favorable prognosis in the head and neck region, with better overall survival rates in contrast to its HPV negative counterparts. This has resulted in extensive research into de-intensifying therapies aiming to minimize the morbidity induced by standard concurrent chemo-radiotherapy without compromising efficacy. Despite the favorable prognosis, cases of recurrence and/or metastasis of HPV positive HNSCC do occur, and are linked with poor outcomes. HPV 16 is the most frequent genotype identified in HNSCC, yet there is limited research to date studying the impact of other HPV genotype with respect to overall survival. A similar situation pertains to genetic aberrations associated in those with HPV positive HNSCC who recur, with only four published studies to date. Somatic mutations in TSC2, BRIP1, NBN, TACC3, NFE2l2, STK11, HRAS, PIK3R1, TP63, and FAT1 have been identified in recurrent HPV positive OPSCC. Finding alternative therapeutic strategies for this young cohort may depend on upfront identification of HPV genotypes and mutations which are linked with worse outcomes, thus ensuring appropriate stratification of treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Brennan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Esther O’Regan
- Department of Histopathology, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla Sheils
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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4
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Biteghe FAN, Mungra N, Chalomie NET, Ndong JDLC, Engohang-Ndong J, Vignaux G, Padayachee E, Naran K, Barth S. Advances in epidermal growth factor receptor specific immunotherapy: lessons to be learned from armed antibodies. Oncotarget 2020; 11:3531-3557. [PMID: 33014289 PMCID: PMC7517958 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been recognized as an important therapeutic target in oncology. It is commonly overexpressed in a variety of solid tumors and is critically involved in cell survival, proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. This multi-dimensional role of EGFR in the progression and aggressiveness of cancer, has evolved from conventional to more targeted therapeutic approaches. With the advent of hybridoma technology and phage display techniques, the first anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (Cetuximab and Panitumumab) were developed. Due to major limitations including host immune reactions and poor tumor penetration, these antibodies were modified and used as guiding mechanisms for the specific delivery of readily available chemotherapeutic agents or plants/bacterial toxins, giving rise to antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and immunotoxins (ITs), respectively. Continued refinement of ITs led to deimmunization strategies based on depletion of B and T-cell epitopes or substitution of non-human toxins leading to a growing repertoire of human enzymes capable of inducing cell death. Similarly, the modification of classical ADCs has resulted in the first, fully recombinant versions. In this review, we discuss significant advancements in EGFR-targeting immunoconjugates, including ITs and recombinant photoactivable ADCs, which serve as a blueprint for further developments in the evolving domain of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleury Augustin Nsole Biteghe
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Neelakshi Mungra
- Medical Biotechnology & Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | | | - Jean De La Croix Ndong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean Engohang-Ndong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University at Tuscarawas, New Philadelphia, OH, USA
| | | | - Eden Padayachee
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Krupa Naran
- Medical Biotechnology & Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Stefan Barth
- Medical Biotechnology & Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,These authors contributed equally to this work
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5
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Ghosh S, Prasad M, Kundu K, Cohen L, Yegodayev KM, Zorea J, Joshua BZ, Lasry B, Dimitstein O, Bahat-Dinur A, Mizrachi A, Lazar V, Elkabets M, Porgador A. Tumor Tissue Explant Culture of Patient-Derived Xenograft as Potential Prioritization Tool for Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2019; 9:17. [PMID: 30723707 PMCID: PMC6350270 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite of remarkable progress made in the head and neck cancer (HNC) therapy, the survival rate of this metastatic disease remain low. Tailoring the appropriate therapy to patients is a major challenge and highlights the unmet need to have a good preclinical model that will predict clinical response. Hence, we developed an accurate and time efficient drug screening method of tumor ex vivo analysis (TEVA) system, which can predict patient-specific drug responses. In this study, we generated six patient derived xenografts (PDXs) which were utilized for TEVA. Briefly, PDXs were cut into 2 × 2 × 2 mm3 explants and treated with clinically relevant drugs for 24 h. Tumor cell proliferation and death were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and TEVA score was calculated. Ex vivo and in vivo drug efficacy studies were performed on four PDXs and three drugs side-by-side to explore correlation between TEVA and PDX treatment in vivo. Efficacy of drug combinations was also ventured. Optimization of the culture timings dictated 24 h to be the time frame to detect drug responses and drug penetrates 2 × 2 × 2 mm3 explants as signaling pathways were significantly altered. Tumor responses to drugs in TEVA, significantly corresponds with the drug efficacy in mice. Overall, this low cost, robust, relatively simple and efficient 3D tissue-based method, employing material from one PDX, can bypass the necessity of drug validation in immune-incompetent PDX-bearing mice. Our data provides a potential rationale for utilizing TEVA to predict tumor response to targeted and chemo therapies when multiple targets are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Ghosh
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Manu Prasad
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Kiran Kundu
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Limor Cohen
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ksenia M. Yegodayev
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Jonathan Zorea
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ben-Zion Joshua
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Soroka Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Batel Lasry
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Soroka Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Orr Dimitstein
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Soroka Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Anat Bahat-Dinur
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Soroka Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Aviram Mizrachi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and The Center for Translational Research in Head and Neck Cancer, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Vladimir Lazar
- Worldwide Innovative Network Association-WIN Consortium, Villejuif, France
| | - Moshe Elkabets
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Angel Porgador
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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6
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Ma W, Concha-Benavente F, Santegoets SJAM, Welters MJP, Ehsan I, Ferris RL, van der Burg SH. EGFR signaling suppresses type 1 cytokine-induced T-cell attracting chemokine secretion in head and neck cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203402. [PMID: 30192802 PMCID: PMC6128559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to antitumor immunity can be promoted by the oncogenic pathways operational in human cancers, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway. Here we studied if and how EGFR downstream signaling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) can affect the attraction of immune cells. HPV-negative and HPV-positive HNSCC cell lines were analyzed in vitro for CCL2, CCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10, IL-6 and IL-1β expression and the attraction of T cells under different conditions, including cetuximab treatment and stimulation with IFNγ and TNFα using qPCR, ELISA and migration experiments. Biochemical analyses with chemical inhibitors and siRNA transfection were used to pinpoint the underlying mechanisms. Stimulation of HNSCC cells with IFNγ and TNFα triggered the production of T-cell attracting chemokines and required c-RAF activation. Blocking of the EGFR with cetuximab during this stimulation increased chemokine production in vitro, and augmented the attraction of T cells. Mechanistically, cetuximab decreased the phosphorylation of MEK1, ERK1/2, AKT, mTOR, JNK, p38 and ERK5. Chemical inhibition of EGFR signaling showed a consistent and pronounced chemokine production with MEK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 and JNK inhibitor SP600125, but not with inhibitors of p38, PI3K or mTOR. Combination treatment with cetuximab and a MEK1/2 or JNK inhibitor induced the highest chemokine expression. In conclusion, overexpression of EGFR results in the activation of multiple downstream signaling pathways that act simultaneously to suppress type 1 cytokine stimulated production of chemokines required to amplify the attraction of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Concha-Benavente
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | | | - Marij J. P. Welters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ilina Ehsan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert L. Ferris
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Sjoerd H. van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Li Q, Zhang L, Li X, Yan H, Yang L, Li Y, Li T, Wang J, Cao B. The prognostic significance of human epidermal growth factor receptor family protein expression in operable pancreatic cancer : HER1-4 protein expression and prognosis in pancreatic cancer. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:910. [PMID: 27871278 PMCID: PMC5117489 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2889-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prognostic factors aid in the stratification and treatment of cancer. This study evaluated the prognostic significance of human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family members (HER1–4) expression in patients with operable pancreatic cancer. Methods The expression of individual HER proteins in patient tissue specimens was detected by immunohistochemistry staining. Patient follow-up time was between 1.0 and 78.1 months. Results Positive expression of HER1, HER2, HER3 and HER4 was detected in 41.4, 60.0, 24.3 and 65.7% of cases, respectively. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that HER3 positive expression was associated with decreased median survival time (12.0 vs. 25.6 months for HER3 positive and negative groups, respectively; P = 0.013). Cox’s regression confirmed that positive HER3 expression was an independent predictor of poor survival (RR = 3.684, P = 0.001). In contrast, HER4 negative patients had a significantly decreased median survival time when compared with HER4 positive patients (11.4 vs. 25.6 months, respectively; P = 0.027). However, HER4 was not an independent predictor of survival. No significant association between HER1 or HER2 expression and survival was observed (P = 0.626 & P = 0.859, respectively). Conclusions HER3 is an independent prognostic marker for patients with operable pancreatic cancer. HER4 may also be of potential prognostic value in this disease and deserves further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - XiuHong Li
- Research Experiments Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Yan
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Liuting Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Bangwei Cao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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8
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Lee CH, Syu SH, Liu KJ, Chu PY, Yang WC, Lin P, Shieh WY. Interleukin-1 beta transactivates epidermal growth factor receptor via the CXCL1-CXCR2 axis in oral cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:38866-80. [PMID: 26462152 PMCID: PMC4770743 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathways and chronic inflammation are common characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Previously, we reported that OSCC cells secrete interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), which promotes the proliferation of the oral premalignant cell line, DOK, and stimulates DOK and OSCC cells to produce the chemokine CXCL1. CXCL1 functions through CXCR2, a G protein-coupled receptor that transactivates EGFR in ovarian and lung cancers. We hypothesized that IL-1β transactivates EGFR through the CXCL1–CXCR2 axis in OSCC. In this study, we demonstrated that tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR is crucial for the IL-1β-mediated proliferation and subsequent bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation of DOK cells because the EGFR inhibitors AG1478 and erlotinib inhibit these abilities in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of IL-1β instantly enhanced CXCL1 expression and secretion (within 15 min) in the DOK and OSCC cell lines. Furthermore, tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR was significantly enhanced in DOK (1 h) and OSCC (20 min) cell lines after IL-1β treatment, and both cell lines were inhibited on the addition of an IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). CXCL1 treatment resulted in EGFR phosphorylation, whereas the knockdown of CXCL1 expression by lentivirus-mediated shRNA or the addition of the CXCR2 antagonist SB225002 dramatically reduced IL-1β-mediated EGFR phosphorylation and proliferation of DOK cells. Neutralizing antibodies against IL-1β or CXCL1 markedly inhibited the constitutive or IL-1β-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR in OSCC cells. IL-1β transactivates EGFR through the CXCL1-CXCR2 axis, revealing a novel molecular network in OSCC that is associated with autocrine IL-1β and EGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Huei Lee
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Syu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jiunn Liu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chan Yang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Pinpin Lin
- National Environmental Health Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Shieh
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
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9
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Williams JP, Kim I, Ito E, Shi W, Yue S, Siu LL, Waldron J, O'Sullivan B, Yip KW, Liu FF. Pre-clinical characterization of Dacomitinib (PF-00299804), an irreversible pan-ErbB inhibitor, combined with ionizing radiation for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98557. [PMID: 24853121 PMCID: PMC4031184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is over-expressed in nearly all cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), and is an important driver of disease progression. EGFR targeted therapies have demonstrated clinical benefit for SCCHN treatment. In this report, we investigated the pre-clinical efficacy of Dacomitinib (PF-00299804), an irreversible pan-ErbB inhibitor, both alone and in combination with ionizing radiation (IR), a primary curative modality for SCCHN. One normal oral epithelial (NOE) and three SCCHN (FaDu, UT-SCC-8, UT-SCC-42a) cell lines were used to conduct cell viability, clonogenic survival, cell cycle, and immunoblotting assays in vitro, using increasing doses of Dacomitinib (10–500 nM), both with and without IR (2–4 Gy). The FaDu xenograft model was utilized for tumor growth delay assays in vivo, and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted on extracted tumors. A dose-dependent reduction in cell viability and clonogenic survival after Dacomitinib treatment was observed in all three SCCHN models. Treatment led to a significant reduction in EGFR signalling, with a subsequent decrease in phosphorylation of downstream targets such as ERK, AKT, and mTOR. In vivo, Dacomitinib treatment delayed tumor growth, while decreasing phospho-EGFR and Ki-67 immunoexpression. These effects were further enhanced when combined with IR, both in vitro and in vivo. The preclinical data support the further evaluations of Dacomitinib combined with IR for the future management of patients with SCCHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P. Williams
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Inki Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Emma Ito
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Shi
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shijun Yue
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lillian L. Siu
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Waldron
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian O'Sullivan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth W. Yip
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fei-Fei Liu
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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10
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Wattenberg MM, Kwilas AR, Gameiro SR, Dicker AP, Hodge JW. Expanding the use of monoclonal antibody therapy of cancer by using ionising radiation to upregulate antibody targets. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:1472-80. [PMID: 24556625 PMCID: PMC3960628 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy for the treatment of solid and haematologic malignancies has shown poor response rates as a monotherapy. Furthermore, its use is limited to tumours expressing certain molecular targets. It has been shown that single-dose radiation can induce immunogenic modulation that is characterised by cell-surface phenotypic changes leading to augmented tumour cell/cytotoxic T-cell interaction. Methods: We examined radiation's ability to upregulate mAb therapy targets. We also used radiation to sensitise tumour cells to antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Results: Radiation significantly increased cell-surface and total protein expression of mAb targets HER2, EGFR, and CD20. Focusing on HER2, targeted by trastuzumab, we observed significant upregulation of HER2 following radiation of 3 out of 3 breast cancer cell lines, one of which was triple negative, as well as in residential stem-cell populations. HER2 upregulation was sustained up to 96 h following radiation exposure and was largely dependent on intracellular reactive oxygen species. Improved ADCC and sensitisation to the antiproliferative effects of trastuzumab demonstrated the functional significance of radiation-induced HER2 upregulation. Conclusions: We show that single-dose radiation enhances mAb therapy. These findings highlight a mechanism for combining radiation with immunotherapy and expand the patient population that can be treated with targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Wattenberg
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 8B13, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - A R Kwilas
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 8B13, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - S R Gameiro
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 8B13, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - A P Dicker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, 111 S. 11th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - J W Hodge
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 8B13, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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11
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Uehara T, Kanazawa T, Mizukami H, Uchibori R, Tsukahara T, Urabe M, Kume A, Misawa K, Carey TE, Suzuki M, Ichimura K, Ozawa K. Novel anti-tumor mechanism of galanin receptor type 2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. Cancer Sci 2013; 105:72-80. [PMID: 24168112 PMCID: PMC4317884 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Galanin and its receptors, GALR1 and GALR2, are known tumor suppressors and potential therapeutic targets in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Previously, we demonstrated that, in GALR1-expressing HNSCC cells, the addition of galanin suppressed tumor proliferation via upregulation of ERK1/2 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, whereas, in GALR2-expressing cells, the addition of galanin not only suppressed proliferation, but also induced apoptosis. In this study, we first transduced HEp-2 and KB cell lines using a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) vector and confirmed a high GFP expression rate (>90%) in both cell lines at the standard vector dose. Next, we demonstrated that GALR2 expression in the presence of galanin suppressed cell viability to 40-60% after 72 h in both cell lines. Additionally, the annexin V-positive rate and sub-G0/G1 phase population were significantly elevated in HEp-2 cells (mock vs GALR2: 12.3 vs 25.0% (P < 0.01) and 9.1 vs 32.0% (P < 0.05), respectively) after 48 h. These changes were also observed in KB cells, although to a lesser extent. Furthermore, in HEp-2 cells, GALR2-mediated apoptosis was caspase-independent, involving downregulation of ERK1/2, followed by induction of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, Bim. These results illustrate that transient GALR2 expression in the presence of galanin induces apoptosis via diverse pathways and serves as a platform for suicide gene therapy against HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Uehara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan; Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
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12
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Lee CS, Cragg M, Glennie M, Johnson P. Novel antibodies targeting immune regulatory checkpoints for cancer therapy. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 76:233-47. [PMID: 23701301 PMCID: PMC3731598 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers must evade or suppress the immune system in order to develop. Better understanding of the molecular regulation governing tumour detection and effective activation of the immune system (so called immune regulatory checkpoints) has provided new targets for cancer immunotherapy. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against these targets are currently undergoing clinical evaluation with more in pre-clinical development; buoyed by the recent licence approval of the anti-CTLA-4 antibody, ipilumumab, for use in melanoma. This article will review the current status of the various antibodies and target molecules being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chern Siang Lee
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
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13
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Wulbrand C, Seidl C, Gaertner FC, Bruchertseifer F, Morgenstern A, Essler M, Senekowitsch-Schmidtke R. Alpha-particle emitting 213Bi-anti-EGFR immunoconjugates eradicate tumor cells independent of oxygenation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64730. [PMID: 23724085 PMCID: PMC3665541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a central problem in tumor treatment because hypoxic cells are less sensitive to chemo- and radiotherapy than normoxic cells. Radioresistance of hypoxic tumor cells is due to reduced sensitivity towards low Linear Energy Transfer (LET) radiation. High LET α-emitters are thought to eradicate tumor cells independent of cellular oxygenation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to demonstrate that cell-bound α-particle emitting 213Bi immunoconjugates kill hypoxic and normoxic CAL33 tumor cells with identical efficiency. For that purpose CAL33 cells were incubated with 213Bi-anti-EGFR-MAb or irradiated with photons with a nominal energy of 6 MeV both under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Oxygenation of cells was checked via the hypoxia-associated marker HIF-1α. Survival of cells was analysed using the clonogenic assay. Cell viability was monitored with the WST colorimetric assay. Results were evaluated statistically using a t-test and a Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM). Survival and viability of CAL33 cells decreased both after incubation with increasing 213Bi-anti-EGFR-MAb activity concentrations (9.25 kBq/ml–1.48 MBq/ml) and irradiation with increasing doses of photons (0.5–12 Gy). Following photon irradiation survival and viability of normoxic cells were significantly lower than those of hypoxic cells at all doses analysed. In contrast, cell death induced by 213Bi-anti-EGFR-MAb turned out to be independent of cellular oxygenation. These results demonstrate that α-particle emitting 213Bi-immunoconjugates eradicate hypoxic tumor cells as effective as normoxic cells. Therefore, 213Bi-radioimmunotherapy seems to be an appropriate strategy for treatment of hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wulbrand
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christof Seidl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Florian C. Gaertner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Bruchertseifer
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alfred Morgenstern
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Markus Essler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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14
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Markovic A, Chung CH. Current role of EGF receptor monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2013; 12:1149-59. [PMID: 23098115 DOI: 10.1586/era.12.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
New agents and treatment strategies that can be safely and effectively integrated into current treatment paradigms for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are urgently needed. To date, the anti-EGF receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody, cetuximab, is the first and only molecularly targeted therapy to demonstrate a survival benefit for patients with recurrent or metastatic disease. Other anti-EGFR-targeted therapies, including monoclonal antibodies (e.g., panitumumab and zalutumumab) and reversible and irreversible ErbB family tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., lapatinib, afatinib and dacomitinib) are being actively investigated in Phase II and Phase III clinical trials. In addition, validated biomarkers are needed to predict clinical benefit and resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in HNSCC. This review will compare and contrast the mechanisms of action of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors and also discuss their role in the management of HNSCC and the potential impact of human papillomavirus status in the development of these targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Markovic
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231-1000, USA
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15
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Agulnik M. New approaches to EGFR inhibition for locally advanced or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Med Oncol 2012; 29:2481-91. [PMID: 22252310 PMCID: PMC3466428 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-012-0159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in radiotherapy and chemotherapy, survival rates for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) have remained poor. The focus of SCCHN therapy has more recently shifted to the molecular level, particularly the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB) pathway. Several agents that target the EGFR pathway, including monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, are under investigation for SCCHN. Searches of PubMed and results of key oncology congresses were performed to identify relevant articles and abstracts. The EGFR-targeted monoclonal antibody cetuximab is approved for the treatment of locally advanced SCCHN in combination with radiotherapy, for first-line treatment of recurrent or metastatic SCCHN in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy and 5-fluorouracil, and for recurrent or metastatic SCCHN following progression with platinum-based chemotherapy. Other investigational EGFR-targeted monoclonal antibodies (e.g., panitumumab, nimotuzumab, zalutumumab) are in clinical development for SCCHN. Inhibition of the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR has also been explored as a therapeutic approach in SCCHN using small-molecule reversible inhibitors, such as gefitinib and erlotinib. However, a key challenge in SCCHN is the development of resistance, and strategies are being pursued to delay or overcome resistance to EGFR-targeted agents. These strategies include development of agents that inhibit multiple ErbB receptors simultaneously (e.g., lapatinib) or that bind multiple ErbB family receptors irreversibly (e.g., afatinib, PF-00299804) and investigation of combinations of agents that target multiple pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of SCCHN. Ongoing large clinical trials are evaluating these emerging agents and combinations for the treatment of SCCHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Agulnik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 850, Chicago, IL 60611-2942, USA.
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16
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Rikiishi H. Autophagic action of new targeting agents in head and neck oncology. Cancer Biol Ther 2012; 13:978-91. [PMID: 22825332 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.21079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival rates of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) have not improved significantly despite multi-modality therapy, including surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Recently, molecular targeted agents have shown significant improvement in clinical outcomes; for example, in chronic myelogeneous leukemia with imatinib, breast cancer with trastuzumab, colon cancer with bevacizumab and cetuximab, and renal cell cancer with sorafenib and sunitinib. In HNSCC, the epidermal growth factor receptor antibody cetuximab has shown promising results in combination with radiation. Targeted agents including cetuximab induce stresses to activate prosurvival autophagy. Combining autophagy inhibitors with agents that induce autophagy as a prosurvival response may therefore increase their therapeutic efficacy. Whether autophagy contributes to the prosurvival response or to the antitumor effect of chemotherapeutic drugs is largely unknown. This review will discuss the possible role of autophagy as a novel target for anticancer therapy agents in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemi Rikiishi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.
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17
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Patel AN, Mehnert JM, Kim S. Treatment of recurrent metastatic head and neck cancer: focus on cetuximab. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. EAR, NOSE AND THROAT 2012; 5:1-16. [PMID: 24179404 PMCID: PMC3791949 DOI: 10.4137/cment.s5129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
EGFR belongs to the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases and is associated with worse prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody to the extracellular domain of EGFR and inhibits its downstream actions via multiple mechanisms. Besides its proven efficacy in locally advanced and incurable HNSCC, cetuximab has the distinct advantage of having a relatively tolerable side effect profile and not potentiating radiation toxicity. Though therapies for advanced HNSCC are evolving, locoregional recurrence and/or distant metastases occur in a large percentage of patients. Though some patients can be salvaged with surgery or radiation therapy, the majority are incurable, and are treated palliatively with systemic therapy. In the setting of first line therapy for recurrent/metastatic HNSCC, the EXTREME trial provided level 1 evidence that cetuximab improves overall survival when combined with cisplatinum and 5 FU. Following progression on first line chemotherapy, several phase II trials suggest that cetuximab monotherapy is a reasonable choice in this setting. Future studies should concentrate on clinical and molecular markers that may allow more personalized approaches to treating HNSCC, and combining EGFR inhibitors with other agents in a synergistic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshar N Patel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
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18
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Wollina U, Schreiber A, Merla K, Haroske G. Combined cetuximab and volumetric modulated arc-radiotherapy in advanced recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the scalp. Dermatol Reports 2011; 3:e57. [PMID: 25386308 PMCID: PMC4211506 DOI: 10.4081/dr.2011.e57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A 77-year old male patient presented with an ulcerated exophytic tumor (T2, N0, M0) with three macroscopically visible satellite metastases in the right temporo-occipital region. Mohs surgery could not control the disease due to lymphangiosis carcinomatosa and perineural infiltration, and recurrence of satellite skin metastases. Re-staging demonstrated a T2, N1, M0 profile (stage III, AJCC). Chemotherapy was limited by the patient's co-morbidities. Therefore, we used targeted therapy with monoclonal anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody cetuximab in combination with volumetric modulated arc- radiotherapy (VMAT). Cetuximab was well tolerated except for the loading dose when the patient developed fever chills. To verify the correct application of VMAT, it was applied to a 3-dimensional measuring phantom prior to the patient's first treatment session. To minimize these tolerances, patient set-up was checked and corrected by orthogonal fluoroscopic images recorded daily by the on-board imager used in our Varian accelerator. The average daily beam time was 6 min (6 arcs, 767 monitor units); the total treatment time including patient set-up and set-up correction was less than 20 min. Combined therapy was well tolerated and complete remission was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gunter Haroske
- Institute of Pathology Georg Schmorl, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Dresden, Germany
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19
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Pokorski JK, Hovlid ML, Finn MG. Cell targeting with hybrid Qβ virus-like particles displaying epidermal growth factor. Chembiochem 2011; 12:2441-7. [PMID: 21956837 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Structurally uniform protein nanoparticles derived from the self-assembly of viral capsid proteins are attractive platforms for the multivalent display of cell-targeting motifs for use in nanomedicine. Virus-based nanoparticles are of particular interest because the scaffold can be manipulated both genetically and chemically to simultaneously display targeting groups and carry a functional payload. Here, we displayed the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the exterior surface of bacteriophage Qβ as a C-terminal genetic fusion to the Qβ capsid protein. The co-assembly of wild-type Qβ and EGF-modified subunits resulted in structurally homogeneous nanoparticles displaying between 5 and 12 copies of EGF on their exterior surface. The particles were found to be amenable to bioconjugation by standard methods as well as the high-fidelity copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC). Such chemical derivatization did not impair the ability of the particles to specifically interact with the EGF receptor. Additionally, the particle-displayed EGF remained biologically active promoting autophosphorylation of the EGF receptor and apoptosis of A431 cells. These results suggest that hybrid Qβ-EGF nanoparticles could be useful vehicles for targeted delivery of imaging and/or therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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20
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Fabricius EM, Wildner GP, Kruse-Boitschenko U, Hoffmeister B, Goodman SL, Raguse JD. Immunohistochemical analysis of integrins αvβ3, αvβ5 and α5β1, and their ligands, fibrinogen, fibronectin, osteopontin and vitronectin, in frozen sections of human oral head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Exp Ther Med 2010; 2:9-19. [PMID: 22977464 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2010.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins mediate the interaction of cells with the extracellular matrix and are believed to be involved in tumor cell survival and metastasis, and in tumor angiogenesis. We used immunohistochemistry of fresh-frozen human tumor tissues to analyze the presence of integrins αvβ3, αvβ5 and α5β1, which are believed to be involved in tumor growth and migration, together with integrin ligands, vitronectin, osteopontin, fibronectin and fibrinogen, in human oral squamous cell carcinomas. Samples of squamous cell carcinomas and control tissues from patients without cancer undergoing oral or maxillofacial surgery were frozen in liquid nitrogen within 30 min of removal. Frozen sections were prepared, and the presence of integrins or ligands was visualized using standard immunohistochemistry (APAAP) with a blinded evaluation. Comparison of samples from the 40 oral cancer patients and the 20 controls revealed increased staining in tumors compared with the controls, and staining was demonstrated for αvβ3 in endothelia. αvβ5 staining was increased in the tumor samples, but this was associated with increased expression in stroma rather than in endothelia. Modestly increased expression of α5β1 was observed in the tumor samples, and this was associated with tumor cells, endothelia and stroma. Expression of ligands for the integrins varied between tissue types, with increased fibrinogen and fibronectin expression in tumor endothelia. Confirmation of the presence of these integrins and their association with tumor cells, endothelia or stroma suggests their potential for these integrins in human oral tumors. Overall, the increased expression of integrins within tumors, particularly expression associated with endothelial cells, supports the principle of selective integrin blockade as a novel anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Fabricius
- Clinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Campus Virchow Hospital Charité-Universitätsmedizin
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