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Liu XQ, Zhou PL, Yin XY, Wang AX, Wang DH, Yang Y, Liu Q. Circulating inflammatory cytokines and psoriasis risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293327. [PMID: 37883350 PMCID: PMC10602280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a systemic immune-mediated chronic inflammatory skin disease; its systemic manifestations and periodic recurrence negatively affect a patient's quality of life. Inflammatory cytokines are known to have an important role in the onset and progression of psoriasis, however, data on the association between circulating inflammatory cytokines and psoriasis risk is inconclusive. Here, we explore the relevance of circulating proinflammatory factors to the pathogenesis of psoriasis using a meta-analysis. OBJECTIVE To explore the association between circulating levels of inflammatory factors and psoriasis to elucidate the mechanisms underlying psoriasis and improve clinical diagnosis and treatment. METHODS We systematically retrieved articles published in PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and the Web of Science from the establishment of each database to January 2023. The standard mean difference (SMD) in cytokine levels of individuals with psoriasis and healthy controls was used to check for correlations between circulating inflammatory factor levels and psoriasis. RESULTS Fifty-seven studies, with data from 2838 patients, were retrieved and included in the meta-analysis. Eleven inflammatory factors were studied (circulating interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-12, IL-17, IL-18, IL-22, IL-23, IL-35, IL-36, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and gamma-interferon (IFN-γ)). Of these, IL-2 [SMD = 1.29 (95% CI: 0.61-1.97; P <0.001)], IL-17 [SMD = 0.71 (95% CI: 0.12-1.30; P = 0.018)], IL-18 [SMD = 1.27 (95% CI: 0.64-1.90; P <0.001)], and IFN-γ [SMD = 1.90 (95% CI: 1.27-2.52; P <0.001)] levels had significant correlations with psoriasis. CONCLUSION Increased serum concentrations of the circulating inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-17, IL-18 and IFN-γ were significantly correlated with psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Pei-Lin Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xin-Yu Yin
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ai-Xue Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Da-Hu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Lomeli-Nieto JA, Muñoz-Valle JF, Navarro-Zarza JE, Baños-Hernández CJ, García-Arellano S, Alvarado-Navarro A, Anaya-Macías BU, Oregón-Romero E, Fuentes-Baez CE, Parra-Rojas I, Hernández-Bello J. TGFB1 mRNA expression and frequency of the + 869T>C and + 915G>C genetic variants: impact on risk for systemic sclerosis. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1349-1357. [PMID: 36464760 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by immune disorder, microvascular damage, and fibrosis. TGFB1 gene encodes for the transforming growth factor isoform 1 (TGF-β1), one of the most important pro-fibrotic cytokines. Therefore, variants in TGFB1 and changes in its expression could be associated with the pathogenesis of SSc. We aimed to evaluate the association of TGFB1 variants (+ 869T>C [rs1982073] and + 915G > C [rs1800471]) with the TGFB1 mRNA expression and SSc risk in the Southern Mexican population. We included 56 SSc patients and 112 control subjects (CS). The genetic variants were determined by the PCR-RFLP method. The TGFB1 mRNA expression was determined by qPCR. For the + 869T>C variant, the C allele was associated with SSc risk (OR = 1.733; CI = 1.087-2.762; p = 0.020). The C allele for the + 915G>C variant was also associated with SSc risk (OR = 11.168; CI = 1.289-96.754; p = 0.023). The relative expression of TGFB1 mRNA was 1.77-fold lower in SSc patients than in CS. Carriers of polymorphic alleles (TC or CC genotypes) for the + 869T>C variant showed 3.7-fold lower mRNA expression than the TT genotype in patients and 4.81-fold lower in CS. For the + 915G>C variant, patients with GA genotype had 1.78-fold lower mRNA expression than GG genotype carriers. In conclusion, the present study showed that + 869T>C and + 915G>C variants could be SSc risk factors for patients from Southern Mexico, and these genetic variants could induce lower mRNA expression of TGFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alvaro Lomeli-Nieto
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Independencia Oriente, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Independencia Oriente, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Eduardo Navarro-Zarza
- Departamento de Medicina Interna-Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital General de Chilpancingo "Dr. Raymundo Abarca Alarcón", Chilpancingo de los Bravo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Christian Johana Baños-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Independencia Oriente, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Samuel García-Arellano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Independencia Oriente, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Anabell Alvarado-Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y Dermatología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Brian Uriel Anaya-Macías
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Independencia Oriente, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Edith Oregón-Romero
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Independencia Oriente, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fuentes-Baez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Independencia Oriente, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Jorge Hernández-Bello
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Independencia Oriente, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Fries A, Saidoune F, Kuonen F, Dupanloup I, Fournier N, Guerra de Souza AC, Haniffa M, Ma F, Gudjonsson JE, Roesner L, Li Y, Werfel T, Conrad C, Gottardo R, Modlin RL, Di Domizio J, Gilliet M. Differentiation of IL-26 + T H17 intermediates into IL-17A producers via epithelial crosstalk in psoriasis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3878. [PMID: 37391412 PMCID: PMC10313793 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-26 is a TH17 cytokine with known antimicrobial and pro-inflammatory functions. However, the precise role of IL-26 in the context of pathogenic TH17 responses is unknown. Here we identify a population of blood TH17 intermediates that produce high levels of IL-26 and differentiate into IL-17A-producing TH17 cells upon TGF-β1 exposure. By combining single cell RNA sequencing, TCR sequencing and spatial transcriptomics we show that this process occurs in psoriatic skin. In fact, IL-26+ TH17 intermediates infiltrating psoriatic skin induce TGF-β1 expression in basal keratinocytes and thereby promote their own differentiation into IL-17A-producing cells. Thus, our study identifies IL-26-producing cells as an early differentiation stage of TH17 cells that infiltrates psoriatic skin and controls its own maturation into IL17A-producing TH17 cells, via epithelial crosstalk involving paracrine production of TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Fries
- Department of Dermatology, CHUV University Hospital and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fanny Saidoune
- Department of Dermatology, CHUV University Hospital and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Kuonen
- Department of Dermatology, CHUV University Hospital and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Dupanloup
- Translational Data Science Facility, Agora Cancer Research Center, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Fournier
- Translational Data Science Facility, Agora Cancer Research Center, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana Cristina Guerra de Souza
- Translational Data Science Facility, Agora Cancer Research Center, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Department of Dermatology and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4LP, UK
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Johann E Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lennart Roesner
- Department of Dermatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Department of Dermatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Curdin Conrad
- Department of Dermatology, CHUV University Hospital and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Biomedical Data Sciences Center, CHUV, UNIL, and SIB, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robert L Modlin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jeremy Di Domizio
- Department of Dermatology, CHUV University Hospital and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Michel Gilliet
- Department of Dermatology, CHUV University Hospital and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Purzycka-Bohdan D, Nedoszytko B, Sobalska-Kwapis M, Zabłotna M, Żmijewski MA, Wierzbicka J, Gleń J, Strapagiel D, Szczerkowska-Dobosz A, Nowicki RJ. Assessment of the Potential Role of Selected Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of Genes Related to the Functioning of Regulatory T Cells in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076061. [PMID: 37047033 PMCID: PMC10094301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated a key role of the impaired suppressive capacity of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in psoriasis (PsO) pathogenesis. However, the genetic background of Treg dysfunctions remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of PsO development with selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes in which protein products play a significant role in the regulation of differentiation and function of Tregs. There were three study groups in our research and each consisted of different unrelated patients and controls: 192 PsO patients and 5605 healthy volunteers in the microarray genotyping group, 150 PsO patients and 173 controls in the ARMS-PCR method group, and 6 PsO patients and 6 healthy volunteers in the expression analysis group. The DNA microarrays analysis (283 SNPs of 57 genes) and ARMS-PCR method (8 SNPs in 7 genes) were used to determine the frequency of occurrence of SNPs in selected genes. The mRNA expression of selected genes was determined in skin samples. There were statistically significant differences in the allele frequencies of four SNPs in three genes (TNF, IL12RB2, and IL12B) between early-onset PsO patients and controls. The lowest p-value was observed for rs3093662 (TNF), and the G allele carriers had a 2.73 times higher risk of developing early-onset PsO. Moreover, the study revealed significant differences in the frequency of SNPs and their influence on PsO development between early- and late-onset PsO. Based on the ARMS-PCR method, the association between some polymorphisms of four genes (IL4, IL10, TGFB1, and STAT3) and the risk of developing PsO was noticed. Psoriatic lesions were characterized with a lower mRNA expression of FOXP3, CTLA4, and IL2, and a higher expression of TNF and IL1A in comparison with unaffected skin. In conclusion, the genetic background associated with properly functioning Tregs seems to play a significant role in PsO pathogenesis and could have diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Purzycka-Bohdan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Bogusław Nedoszytko
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
- Molecular Laboratory, Invicta Fertility and Reproductive Centre, 81-740 Sopot, Poland
| | - Marta Sobalska-Kwapis
- Biobank Laboratory, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Zabłotna
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał A Żmijewski
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Justyna Wierzbicka
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jolanta Gleń
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dominik Strapagiel
- Biobank Laboratory, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Aneta Szczerkowska-Dobosz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Roman J Nowicki
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
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Marwanta S, Muhammad F, Maryono S, Salimah K, Sudarmadi SD, Purwanto B, Wasita B, Ardyanto TD, Soetrisno. Association between interleukin-2 (rs2069762) gene polymorphism and FVIII inhibitor development in Indonesian patients with severe hemophilia A. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIA 2023. [DOI: 10.13181/mji.oa.236439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors in hemophilia A (HA) patients render FVIII replacement therapy ineffective. Although its development cause is unclear, it has been classified into therapeutic and genetic-related etiologies. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in several cytokine genes, including interleukin (IL)-2, could increase the risk of FVIII inhibitor development. This study aimed to evaluate the association between IL-2 (rs2069762) gene SNP and FVIII inhibitor development in Indonesian patients with severe HA.
METHODS The IL-2 (rs2069762) gene SNP was examined in 119 HA patients. The presence of FVIII inhibitors was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with a titer of <0.28 ng/ml considered negative. Patients were divided into two groups: 59 with FVIII inhibitors (positive group) and 60 without inhibitors (negative group). The genotype of the subjects was determined using peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS There was no association between IL-2 (rs2069762) gene polymorphism and FVIII inhibitor development on genotypes (p = 0.138) and allele frequencies (p = 0.780).
CONCLUSIONS IL-2 (rs2069762) gene polymorphism is not a risk factor in the development of FVIII inhibitors in Indonesian patients with severe HA. Thus, further polymorphism studies in other cytokine genes are required to gain a comprehensive understanding of the FVIII inhibitor development.
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Peripheral T reg Levels and Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ) in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: A Systematic Review Meta-Analysis. Adv Ther 2023; 40:102-116. [PMID: 36287319 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-022-02337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies on the level of regulatory T (Treg) cells in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have been controversial, leading to disagreement regarding the role Treg cells play in the pathogenesis of the disease. To clarify the status of Treg cells in patients with PsA, we performed a meta-analysis to determine the levels of Treg cells and serum Treg-associated cytokines in PsA patients. METHODS According to published data from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Clinical Trials.gov, MEDLINE, Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Library, and FDA.gov, we determined the Treg and Treg cytokine levels in patients with PsA. The effect estimates were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS This meta-analysis included 12 studies. Compared to healthy controls (HCs), the proportions of Treg cells had no significant difference in patients with PsA (based on standardized means[SMD] = - 1.038, 95% confidence intervals[CI] = - 2.165 to 0.089, p = 0.071). On the basis of subgroup analysis, patients with PsA had a lower percentage of CD4+ Treg cells (SMD = - 1.501, 95% CI - 2.799 to - 0.202, p = 0.023) than OKT8+ Treg (SMD = 0.568, 95% CI - 2.127 to 3.263, p = 0.679). Besides, CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells and CD4+CD25highCD127low Treg cells were both significantly decreased on the levels of PBMCs in patients with PsA (SMD = - 0.764, 95% CI - 1.404 to - 0.125, p = 0.019; SMD = - 5.184, 95% CI - 6.955 to - 3.412, p < 0.001). CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells were particularly more abundant in the synovial fluid thanin peripheral blood (SMD = 3.288, 95% CI 2.127 to 4.449, p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the proportion of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in peripheral blood and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells in CD4+ T cells (SMD = - 2.498, 95% CI - 7.720 to 2.725, p = 0.349; SMD = - 0.719, 95% CI - 2.525 to 1.086, p = 0.435). PsA patients had decreased cytokines such as transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) (SMD = - 2.199, 95% CI - 3.650 to - 0.749, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Treg definition markers influence the scale of Treg cells in patients with PsA. Pathogenesis of PsA may be attributed to an insufficient or malfunctioning Treg population.
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Xiong Y, He Y, Peng Y, Geng Y. Association of IL-6 and TGF-β Gene Polymorphisms with the Risk of Thoracolumbar Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2022; 15:351-358. [PMID: 35469148 PMCID: PMC9034889 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s351372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) is a common disease in the elderly, and genetic factors play a key role in its occurrence. The present study was conducted to investigate the association between interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the transforming growth factor (TGF-β) gene polymorphisms and the occurrence of thoracolumbar OVCF. Patients and Methods This case–control study recruited 146 patients with OVCF and 144 osteoporosis patients as the control group. Genotypes of the IL-6 rs1800796 and TGF-β rs1982073 were analyzed by sequencing. Genotype distribution and allelic frequencies were investigated by the χ2 test. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) evaluated the relationship of IL-6 or TGF-β polymorphism and OVCF susceptibility. Results Allele G and genotype GG of IL-6 rs1800796 was more frequent in patients with OVCF (40.07% vs.28.47%; 19.18% vs.7.64%) compared with controls. GG genotype (OR=3.394, 95% CI=1.560–7.385, P < 0.001) and G allele (OR=1.680, 95% CI=1.187–2.376, P < 0.001) of IL-6 rs1800796 was significantly associated with increased risk of OVCF. What is more, CT and TT genotypes (41.78 vs.51.39; 19.86 vs.26.39) and allele T (40.75 vs 52.08) of TGF-β rs1982073 were less frequent in OVCFs, more common in controls and protective against OVCF risk (OR=0.436, 95% CI=0.228–0.835, P = 0.012; OR=0.615, 95% CI=0.443–0.855, P = 0.004). Conclusion Our results suggest that the G allele and GG genotype of IL-6 rs1800796 may contribute to increased susceptibility to OVCF in elderly Chinese. In contrast, CT and TT genotypes and the T allele of TGF-β rs1982073 may contribute to lower susceptibility of OVCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye He
- Department of Preventive Treatment of Diseases,Shaanxi Meixian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Medical Examination, Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yun Geng, Tel/Fax +86-531-59556066, Email
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PREDICTION TO HYPERTROPHIC FORMS OF GINGIVITIS IN CHILDREN WITH GENETIC ASSESSMENT. WORLD OF MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.26724/2079-8334-2022-1-79-54-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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