The relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms and dental implant loss: a scoping review

Genetics Affecting the Prognosis of Dental Treatments

Genetics plays a significant role in determining an individual's susceptibility to dental diseases, the response to dental treatments, and the overall prognosis of dental interventions. Here, the authors explore the various genetic factors affecting the prognosis of dental treatments focusing on dental caries, orthodontic treatment, oral cancer, prosthodontic treatment, periodontal disease, developmental disorders, pharmacogenetics, and genetic predisposition to faster wound healing. Understanding the genetic underpinnings of dental health can help personalize treatment plans, predict outcomes, and improve the overall quality of dental care.

Nrf2 in the Field of Dentistry with Special Attention to NLRP3

The aim of this review article was to summarize the functional implications of the nuclear factor E2-related factor or nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), with special attention to the NACHT (nucleotide-binding oligomerization), LRR (leucine-rich repeat), and PYD (pyrin domain) domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in the field of dentistry. NLRP3 plays a crucial role in the progression of inflammatory and adaptive immune responses throughout the body. It is already known that this inflammasome is a key regulator of several systemic diseases. The initiation and activation of NLRP3 starts with the oral microbiome and its association with the pathogenesis and progression of several oral diseases, including periodontitis, periapical periodontitis, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The possible role of the inflammasome in oral disease conditions may involve the aberrant regulation of various response mechanisms, not only in the mouth but in the whole body. Understanding the cellular and molecular biology of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its relationship to Nrf2 is necessary for the rationale when suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target for treatment and prevention of oral inflammatory and immunological disorders. In this review, we highlighted the current knowledge about NLRP3, its likely role in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory oral processes, and its crosstalk with Nrf2, which might offer future possibilities for disease prevention and targeted therapy in the field of dentistry and oral health.

Association between Interleukin-1 Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Dental Peri-Implant Disease: A Meta-Analysis

Background and objective: Interleukins (ILs), as important biochemical mediators, control the host response to inflammation and are associated with bone resorption. In the present meta-analysis, we investigated the association between IL−1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to dental peri-implant disease (PID). Materials and methods: We searched Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and PubMed/Medline databases for studies published until 9 September2021, without any restrictions. We calculated the crude OR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to estimate the associations between IL−1 polymorphisms and PID risk in the five genetic models. We further performed the subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, meta-regression, trial sequential analysis, and calculated the publication bias. Results: Out of 212 retrieved records, sixteen articles were used in the meta-analysis. There was no association between IL−1A (–889), IL−1B (−511), IL−1B (+3953), and IL−1RN (VNTR) polymorphisms and the risk of dental PIDs, but there was an increased risk of IL−1B (+3954) in the patients with PIDs. In addition, an association of the composite genotype of IL−1A (−889)/IL−1B (+3953) was observed with the risk of PIDs, but not for the composite genotype of IL−1A (−889)/IL−1B (+3954). The publication year, the ethnicity, sample size, and the outcome were significantly influenced pooled estimates of some genetic models. Trial sequential analysis showed the lack of sufficient sample sizes in the studies. Conclusions: Among IL−1 polymorphisms evaluated in the meta-analysis, the composite genotype of IL−1A (−889)/IL−1B (+3953) and IL−1B (+3954) were the only polymorphisms associated with the risk of PID. The T allele and CT genotype of IL−1B (+3954) polymorphism were also associated with an elevated risk of PID.

Association between common polymorphisms in IL-1 and TNFα and risk of peri-implant disease: A meta-analysis

Background

Pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) play important roles in host immune response and bone metabolism during dental implant osseointegration. Whether the functional polymorphisms in IL-1α, IL-1β and TNFα were associated with peri-implant disease was unclear, and we performed the present meta-analysis for this purpose.

Methods

Eligible studies investigating IL-1α C-889T, IL-1β C+3954T and C-511T, TNFα G-308A, composite genotype of IL-1α C-889T and IL-1β C+3954T for association with peri-implant disease, including peri-implantitis (PI), marginal bone loss (MBL) and implant failure/loss (IF/IL), were searched on several literature databases prior to April 30, 2021. Odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for each polymorphism in different genetic models and for composite genotype comparing carriers to non-carriers.

Results

Twenty-seven studies (1324 cases with peri-implant disease and 1808 controls with healthy implants) were included. There was significant correlation between IL-1α C-889T and peri-implant disease in all genetic models. IL-1β C+3954T was associated with peri-implant disease risk in allelic (OR = 1.66, 95%CI 1.17–2.35, p = 0.004) and dominant model (OR = 1.74, 95%CI 1.19–2.53, p = 0.004), and in subgroups of Asians, Caucasians, non-smokers, IF/IL and PI. TT genotype of IL-1β C-511T increased the risk of peri-implant disease (OR = 1.68, 95%CI 1.15–2.43, p = 0.007) and MBL (OR = 4.33, 95%CI 1.72–10.9, p = 0.002) compared to CC+CT genotypes. We did not observed a significant association between TNFα G-308A and peri-implant diseases in overall or subgroups analysis. Carriers of positive composite genotype of IL-1α C-889T and IL-1β C+3954T had 1.95-fold (95%CI 1.35–2.80, p<0.001) risk of peri-implant disease and 1.76-fold (95%CI 1.05–2.95, p = 0.032) risk of IF/IL than non-carriers.

Conclusion

Functional polymorphisms of IL-1α (C-889T), IL-1β (C+3954T, C-511T) and composite genotype of IL-1 can be used as predictive markers for peri-implant disease, whereas TNFα G-308A polymorphism was not associated with peri-implant disease.

Using big data to promote precision oral health in the context of a learning healthcare system

There has been a call for evidence-based oral healthcare guidelines, to improve precision dentistry and oral healthcare delivery. The main challenges to this goal are the current lack of up-to-date evidence, the limited integrative analytical data sets, and the slow translations to routine care delivery. Overcoming these issues requires knowledge discovery pipelines based on big data and health analytics, intelligent integrative informatics approaches, and learning health systems. This article examines how this can be accomplished by utilizing big data. These data can be gathered from four major streams: patients, clinical data, biological data, and normative data sets. All these must then be uniformly combined for analysis and modelling and the meaningful findings can be implemented clinically. By executing data capture cycles and integrating the subsequent findings, practitioners are able to improve public oral health and care delivery.