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Liu X, Yang Y, Jia J. Respiratory muscle ultrasonography evaluation and its clinical application in stroke patients: A review. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1132335. [PMID: 37090789 PMCID: PMC10115993 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1132335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory muscle ultrasound is a widely available, highly feasible technique that can be used to study the contribution of the individual respiratory muscles related to respiratory dysfunction. Stroke disrupts multiple functions, and the respiratory function is often significantly decreased in stroke patients. Method A search of the MEDLINE, Web of Science, and PubMed databases was conducted. We identified studies measuring respiratory muscles in healthy and patients by ultrasonography. Two reviewers independently extracted and documented data regarding to the criteria. Data were extracted including participant demographics, ultrasonography evaluation protocol, subject population, reference values, etc. Result A total of 1954 participants from 39 studies were included. Among them, there were 1,135 participants from 19 studies on diaphragm, 259 participants from 6 studies on extra-diaphragmatic inspiratory muscles, and 560 participants from 14 studies on abdominal expiratory muscles. The ultrasonic evaluation of diaphragm and abdominal expiratory muscle thickness had a relatively typically approach, while, extra-diaphragmatic inspiratory muscles were mainly used in ICU that lack of a consistent paradigm. Conclusion Diaphragm and expiratory muscle ultrasound has been widely used in the assessment of respiratory muscle function. On the contrary, there is not enough evidence to assess extra-diaphragmatic inspiratory muscles by ultrasound. In addition, the thickness of the diaphragm on the hemiplegic side was lower than that on the non-hemiplegic side in stroke patients. For internal oblique muscle (IO), rectus abdominis muscle (RA), transversus abdominis muscle (TrA), and external oblique muscle (EO), most studies showed that the thickness on the hemiplegic side was lower than that on the non-hemiplegic side.Clinical Trial Registration: The protocol of this review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022352901).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Fukuoka Y, Katzman WB, Gladin A, Lane NE, Yoo JO. Factors associated with the 6-minute walk test performance in older adults with hyperkyphosis. Geriatr Nurs 2022; 47:95-99. [PMID: 35901578 PMCID: PMC9675409 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Age-related hyperkyphosis is associated with adverse health outcomes, such as falls, fractures, and mortality. However, few studies investigated the relationship between the severity of hyperkyphosis and physical endurance in older adults. This study examined whether a degree of hyperkyphosis curvature was independently associated with the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance. We analyzed the baseline data of 112 older adults aged 60-92 enrolled in the Specialized Center of Research (SCOR) Kyphosis trial. The majority of the sample had at least a college degree and were white. On average, participants walked 503.9 (SD 82.3) meters in 6 minutes. Multivariate regression results showed that the degree of hyperkyphosis curvature was not independently associated with the 6MWT distance, but taller height, lighter weight, and less prescription medication were significant predictors of better performance on the 6MWT distance. Validation of the study findings in a large, diverse older adult population is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Fukuoka
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Wendy B Katzman
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amy Gladin
- Department of Pain Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nancy E Lane
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jung Oh Yoo
- Department of Communication, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Özdemir Görgü S, Algun ZC. A randomized controlled study of the effect of functional exercises on postural kyphosis: Schroth-based three-dimensional exercises versus postural corrective exercises. Disabil Rehabil 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35694970 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2083244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effects of postural corrective and Schroth-based three-dimensional exercises on thoracic kyphosis angle (TKA), lumbar lordosis angle (LLA), balance and quality of life (QoL) in individuals with postural kyphosis. METHODS This was a single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial with a total of 63 subjects (57 women, 6 men) with TKA of ≥40°. Subjects were separated into three groups: postural corrective exercise group (PCEG), Schroth-based three-dimensional exercise group (SBEG) and control group (CG). Participants in the exercise groups participated in the exercise program twice a week for eight weeks under the supervision of a physiotherapist: CG performed no exercise but was generally informed. The primary outcome variable was TKA. Secondary outcome variables were LLA, balance and QoL. RESULTS After the functional exercise programs, TKA (mean change for PCEG, SBEG: -9.71, -14.76, p < 0.001), static postural stability index overall (-0.22, -0.40, p < 0.05), and QoL (-0.41, -0.37, p < 0.001) significantly improved in both training groups compared with CG. The LLA (-3.95, p = 0.003) was significantly lower in the SBEG group than in CG. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that Schroth-based three-dimensional exercises are an effective treatment for individuals with postural kyphosis and have a large effect size that improves TKA, LLA, balance and QoL. Clinical trial registration number: NCT03706495 Implications for rehabilitationEight weeks of postural corrective or Schroth-based three-dimensional functional exercise programs are effective in addressing thoracic kyphosis angle (TKA), balance, and quality of life in individuals with postural kyphosis.An eight-week Schroth-based three-dimensional exercise program was more effective than postural corrective exercises in improving TKA, lumbar lordosis angle, and balance for patients with postural kyphosis.Schroth-based three-dimensional exercise programs could promote balance and spinal health in young adults with thoracic kyphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Özdemir Görgü
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol Universty, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Orthosis and Prosthetics, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeliha C Algun
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol Universty, Istanbul, Turkey
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Fukuoka Y, Katzman WB, Gladin A, Lane NE, Kado DM, Oh YJ. Slower upper extremity function in older adults with hyperkyphosis negatively impacts the 6-min walk test. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:505. [PMID: 35624469 PMCID: PMC9145457 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 30% to 40% of older adults have hyperkyphosis, defined as excessive curvature of the thoracic spine. Hyperkyphosis is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine whether hyperkyphosis (Cobb's angle) and upper extremity tasks were independently associated with the 6-min walk test (6MWT) in community-dwelling older adults with hyperkyphosis. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we studied 71 women and 28 men aged 60-87 from the study of hyperkyphosis, exercise, and function trial (SHEAF) who had kyphosis, 3 timed upper extremity tasks and the 6MWT assessed at their baseline visit. We used standing lateral spine radiographs and a standardized protocol for thoracic kyphosis (T4-T12) to measure Cobb angle of kyphosis. In addition, 3 activity of daily living (ADL) extremity tests (putting on and removing a laboratory coat, picking up a penny from the floor, and lifting a 7-lb. book to a shelf) were used. RESULTS The mean ± SD age was 70.1 ± 6.1 years. The mean ± SD Cobb angle of kyphosis was 57.4 ± 12.5 degrees. On average ± SD, the participants walked 504.8 ± 84.2 m in 6 min and took 2.4 ± 2.2 prescription medications. The mean ± SD height was 164.7 ± 8.5 cm, weight was 68.7 ± 13.1 kg, and BMI was 25.2 ± 4.0 kg/m2. Multivariate regression revealed that age, height, upper extremity book lift task, and the number of prescribed medications were significant predictors of performance on the 6MWT (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS While kyphosis was not associated with the 6MWT, timed tests of upper extremity function indicated that upper body dynamics can affect walking performance. In addition, sociodemographic factors and the number of prescribed medications were significant contributing factors to the 6MWT in older adults with mild to moderate hyperkyphosis. These results illustrate multifactorial influences on physical performance and the need for an integrated and targeted approach in helping older hyperkyphotic adults maintain healthy physical functioning as they age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Fukuoka
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, 2 Koret Way, N631, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
| | - Wendy B Katzman
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Amy Gladin
- San Francisco Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA
| | - Nancy E Lane
- Center for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Deborah M Kado
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Health Administration, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Yoo Jung Oh
- Department of Communication, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Ponzano M, Tibert N, Bansal S, Katzman W, Giangregorio L. Exercise for improving age-related hyperkyphosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis with GRADE assessment. Arch Osteoporos 2021; 16:140. [PMID: 34546447 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-021-00998-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We reviewed exercise trials in men and women ≥ 45 years with hyperkyphosis at the baseline and performed meta-analyses for kyphosis and health-related outcomes. PURPOSE To determine the effects of exercise interventions on kyphosis angle, back extensor muscle strength or endurance, physical functioning, quality of life, pain, falls, and adverse events in adults 45 years or older with hyperkyphosis. METHODS Multiple databases were searched to May 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCT, and pre-post intervention studies that had at least one group with a mean kyphosis angle of at least 40° at the baseline were included. RESULTS Twenty-four studies were included. Exercise or physical therapy improved kyphosis outcomes (SMD - 0.31; 95% confidence intervals [CI] - 0.46, - 0.16; moderate certainty evidence), back extensor muscle strength (MD 10.51 N; 95% CI 6.65, 14.38; very low certainty evidence), and endurance (MD 9.76 s; 95% CI 6.40, 13.13; low certainty evidence). Meta-analyses showed improvements in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (SMD 0.21; 95% CI 0.06, 0.37; moderate certainty of evidence), general pain (MD - 0.26; 95% CI - 0.39, - 0.13; low certainty of evidence), and performance on the timed up and go (TUG) test (MD - 0.28 s; 95% CI - 0.48, - 0.08; very low certainty of evidence). The effects on the rate of falls (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.15; 95% CI 0.64, 2.05; low certainty evidence) or minor adverse events (IRR 1.29; 95% CI 0.95, 1.74; low certainty evidence) are uncertain. No serious adverse events were reported in the included studies. CONCLUSIONS Interventions targeting hyperkyphosis may improve kyphosis outcomes in adults with hyperkyphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ponzano
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Nicholas Tibert
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Symron Bansal
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Wendy Katzman
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Lora Giangregorio
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada. .,Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Canada.
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BAKIRHAN S, ÖZKESKİN M, ŞAHİN S, ÖZDEN F. The predictors of the pulmonary function in community-dwelling older adults. JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2021; 5:23-29. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.30621/jbachs.879109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the study was to observe the relationship between age, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and kyphosis angle parameters with respiratory function capacity in community-dwelling older adults and to determine the main predictor.
Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out with 70 older adults. Physical activity level was questioned with the Physical Activity Scale for Elderly (PASE). Thoracic kyphosis degrees were measured with a digital inclinometer. Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) was used to measure pulmonary function capacity. The correlation between age, BMI, PASE, thoracic kyphosis angle with parameters of PFT measurement was analyzed. In addition, a linear multivariate regression model was built to determine the main predictor.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 69.88±4.52 years. There was a low degree but a statistically significant positive correlation between BMI and FEV1 (r=0.258,p
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fatih ÖZDEN
- MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, KÖYCEĞİZ SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİ MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU
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7
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The predictors of the pulmonary function in community-dwelling older adults. JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.30621/jbachs.879109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Opina MTD, Brinkley TE, Gordon M, Lyles MF, Nicklas BJ. Association of Breathing Reserve at Peak Exercise With Body Composition and Physical Function in Older Adults With Obesity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1973-1979. [PMID: 30535050 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiposity-related ventilatory constraints in older adults can potentially contribute to greater risk of exercise intolerance and mobility disability. This study investigated whether ventilatory limitation, measured by breathing reserve (BR) at peak exercise, is associated with body composition and physical function in older adults with obesity. METHODS This study was a cross-sectional analysis of data from a community-based cohort (N = 177) of older men and women (65-79 years) with obesity (body mass index = 30-45 kg/m2). All participants underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for body composition, and physical function assessments. We examined relationships between BR and body composition and physical function using multiple linear regression and compared a subset with (BR ≤ 30%; BR-low; n = 56) and without (BR ≥ 45%; BR-high, n = 48) ventilatory limitation using unpaired Student's t test and analysis of covariance. RESULTS BR was inversely related to total body mass, lean mass, fat mass, % body fat, and waist circumference (p < 0.05 for all). BR was positively related to 400 m walk time (p = .006) and inversely related to usual gait speed (p = .05) and VO2peak (p < .0001), indicative of worse physical function. BR-low had greater adiposity, but also greater lean mass, higher VO2peak, and faster 400 m walk time, compared to BR-high (p < .05, for all). CONCLUSIONS Older adults with obesity who also have ventilatory limitation have overall higher measures of adiposity, but do not have lower peak exercise capacity or physical function. Thus, ventilatory limitation does not appear to be a contributing factor to obesity-related decrements in exercise tolerance or mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Theresa D Opina
- Section on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Tina E Brinkley
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Michelle Gordon
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Mary F Lyles
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Barbara J Nicklas
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Cheon JH, Lim NN, Lee GS, Won KH, Lee SH, Kang EY, Lee HK, Cho Y. Differences of Spinal Curvature, Thoracic Mobility, and Respiratory Strength Between Chronic Neck Pain Patients and People Without Cervical Pain. Ann Rehabil Med 2020; 44:58-68. [PMID: 32130839 PMCID: PMC7056330 DOI: 10.5535/arm.2020.44.1.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the differences of spinal curvature, thoracic sagittal mobility, and respiratory strength between patients with chronic neck pain (CNP) and people without cervical pain, and to determine the correlation between respiratory strength and thoracic mobility in CNP patients. METHODS A total of 78 participants were finally included in this study, of whom 30 had no cervical pain and 48 had CNP. The Neck Disability Index (NDI), cervical lordotic curvature, thoracic kyphotic curvature, thoracic sagittal range of motion (ROM), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) were measured and analyzed. RESULTS In males, thoracic sagittal ROMMEP-MIP and MEP showed a significant difference between the no cervical pain group and the CNP group. In females, thoracic kyphotic curvature, thoracic sagittal ROMMEP-MIP, MIP, and MEP were significantly different between the no cervical pain group and the CNP group. Thoracic kyphotic curvature was significantly correlated with MEP and MIP in all population groups, and significantly correlated with NDI in the female group. Thoracic sagittal ROMMEP-MIP had a significant linear relationship with NDI, MEP, and MIP in all population groups. CONCLUSION The thoracic mobility during forced respiration was reduced in patients with CNP and was correlated with respiratory strength. Changes in the biomechanics of the cervicothoracic spine and rib cage due to CNP may contribute to impairment of respiratory strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hong Cheon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Na Na Lim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Geun Su Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ki Hong Won
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Eun Young Kang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Younkyung Cho
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kwangju Christian Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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Pulmonary Rehabilitation with a Stabilometric Platform after Thoracic Surgery: A Preliminary Report. J Hum Kinet 2018; 65:79-87. [PMID: 30687421 PMCID: PMC6341951 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2018-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of exercises on a stabilometric platform on the physical fitness and mobility of patients with lung cancer after thoracic surgery. The Experimental Group included 22, and the Control Group consisted of 21 patients. All included patients were enrolled after thoracic surgery due to lung cancer. The Experimental and Control Groups were enrolled in a 3-week in-hospital pulmonary rehabilitation program. The Experimental Group additionally performed daily 20-min training sessions on a stabilometric platform. Agility and flexibility were assessed with the Fullerton test before and after rehabilitation in both groups, and quality of life was assessed with the SF-36 questionnaire. Exercise performance stated as a distance in a 6 min walking test (6MWT) significantly improved in both groups with a medium effect size. The results of the Fullerton test indicated improvements in flexibility in both groups after the completion of the program without a significant difference between the groups and with a small effect size. In the Experimental Group, the best results were observed in the Arm curl (p = 0.0001), Chair stand (p = 0.04), Up and go (p = 0.001) and Chair sit and reach (p = 0.0001) tasks. No deterioration in the quality of life was observed in the Experimental or the Control Group after the completion of the program. Between-group analyses revealed significant differences in the Role-Physical (RP) (p = 0.020) and Mental-Health (MH) (p = 0.025) domains of the SF-36. The rehabilitation program with a stabilometric platform improved agility and flexibility of patients after thoracic surgery without an effect size or significant differences between the Experimental and Control Groups.
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