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James K, Jamil Y, Kumar M, Kwak MJ, Nanna MG, Qazi S, Troy AL, Butt JH, Damluji AA, Forman DE, Orkaby AR. Frailty and Cardiovascular Health. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031736. [PMID: 39056350 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of frailty and cardiovascular disease (CVD) increases as the population ages. There is a bidirectional relationship between frailty and CVD, and both conditions share several risk factors and underlying biological mechanisms. Frailty has been established as an independent prognostic marker in patients with CVD. Moreover, its presence significantly influences both primary and secondary prevention strategies for adults with CVD while also posing a barrier to the inclusion of these patients in pivotal clinical trials and advanced cardiac interventions. This review discusses the current knowledge base on the relationship between frailty and CVD, how managing CVD risk factors can modify frailty, the influence of frailty on CVD management, and future directions for frailty detection and modification in patients with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstyn James
- Department of Geriatric Medicine Cork University Hospital Cork Ireland
| | - Yasser Jamil
- Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA
| | | | - Min J Kwak
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston TX USA
| | - Michael G Nanna
- Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA
| | | | - Aaron L Troy
- Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston MA USA
| | - Jawad H Butt
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre University of Glasgow UK
- Department of Cardiology Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Cardiology Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Denmark
| | - Abdulla A Damluji
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
- The Inova Center of Outcomes Research Inova Heart and Vascular Institute Baltimore MD USA
| | - Daniel E Forman
- Department of Medicine (Geriatrics and Cardiology) University of Pittsburgh PA USA
- Pittsburgh GRECC (Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center) VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Ariela R Orkaby
- VA Boston Healthcare System Boston MA USA
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
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Fan X, He Q, Zhang K, Lan X, Li Y, Zhang H. Comparison of the Value of Four Objective Nutritional Indices in Assessing the Long-Term Prognosis of Elderly Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2024; 25:201. [PMID: 39076344 PMCID: PMC11270056 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2506201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The long-term prognosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is influenced by malnutrition. Currently, there's a deficit in objective and comprehensive nutritional assessment methods to evaluate the nutritional status and predicting the long-term outcomes of HFpEF patients. Methods Our retrospective study included two hundred and eighteen elderly HFpEF patients admitted to the cardiovascular ward at the Air Force Medical Centre from January 2016 to December 2021. Based on follow-up outcomes, patients were categorized into all-cause death (99 cases) and Survival (119 cases) groups. We compared general data, laboratory results, and nutritional indexes between groups. Differences in subgroups based on Triglyceride-Total Cholesterol-Body Weight Index (TCBI), Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), and Controlled Nutrition Score (CONUT) were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank test. COX regression was used to identify all-cause mortality risk factors, and the predictive accuracy of the four nutritional indices was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and Delong test analysis. Results A total of 101 (45.41%) HFpEF patients experienced all-cause mortality during 59.02 ± 1.79 months of follow-up. The all-cause mortality group exhibited lower GNRI and PNI levels, and higher CONUT levels than the Survival group (p < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed lower cumulative survival in the low GNRI ( ≤ 96.50) and low PNI ( ≤ 43.75) groups, but higher in the low CONUT ( ≤ 2) group, compared to their respective medium and high-value groups. Multifactorial COX regression identified low PNI ( ≤ 43.75) as an independent all-cause mortality risk factor in elderly HFpEF patients. ROC and Delong's test indicated PNI (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.698, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.629-0.768) as a more effective predictor of all-cause mortality than TCBI (AUC = 0.533, 95% CI 0.456-0.610) and CONUT (AUC = 0.621, 95% CI 0.547-0.695; p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference compared to GNRI (AUC = 0.663, 95% CI 0.590-0.735; p > 0.05). Conclusions In elderly HFpEF patients a PNI ≤ 43.75 was identified as an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality. Moreover, PNI demonstrates superior prognostic performance in predicting all-cause mortality in elderly patients with HFpEF when compared to TCBI, GNRI, and COUNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingman Fan
- Graduate School, Hebei North University, 075000 Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Qiongyi He
- Air Force Clinical Medical College, The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 230032 Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kaijie Zhang
- Graduate School, Hebei North University, 075000 Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaohua Lan
- Graduate School, Hebei North University, 075000 Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, PLA, 100142 Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Air Force Clinical Medical College, The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 230032 Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Cardiology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, PLA, 100142 Beijing, China
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Liu J, Chai K, Zhu W, DU M, Meng C, Yang L, Cui L, Guo D, Sun N, Wang H, Yang J. Implication of different frailty criteria in older people with atrial fibrillation: a prospective cohort study. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:604. [PMID: 37759173 PMCID: PMC10537815 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND the prevalence of physical and multidimensional frailty and their prognostic impact on clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is unclear. OBJECTIVE to evaluated frailty in a cohort of patients with AF according to different criteria, and studied the prevalence and its prognostic impact on clinical outcomes. METHODS in this multicenter prospective cohort, 197 inpatients ≥ 65 years old with AF were recruited from September 2018 to April 2019.We used Fried Frailty phenotype (Fried) to assess physical frailty, and comprehensive geriatric assessment-frailty index (CGA-FI) to assess multidimensional frailty. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality or rehospitalization. RESULTS the prevalence of frailty was determined as 34.5% by Fried, 42.6% by CGA-FI. Malnutrition and ≥ 7 medications were independently associated with frailty. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the presence of frailty by CGA-FI had significantly lower all-cause mortality or rehospitalization survival rate (log-rank P = 0.04) within 1 year. Multivariate Cox regression adjusted for age and sex showed that the frailty by CGA-FI was significantly associated with the risk of all-cause mortality or rehospitalization within 1 year (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.10-2.90). However, those associations were absent with the physical frailty. After broader multivariate adjustment, those associations were no longer statistically significant for both types of frailty. CONCLUSIONS in older people with AF, Multidimensional frailty is more significantly associated with a composite of all-cause mortality or rehospitalization within 1 year than physical frailty, but these association are attenuated after multivariate adjustment. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR1800017204; date of registration: 07/18/2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1, Da Hua Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Chai
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1, Da Hua Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanrong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1, Da Hua Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Minghui DU
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1, Da Hua Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1, Da Hua Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1, Da Hua Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1, Da Hua Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1, Da Hua Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1, Da Hua Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1, Da Hua Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiefu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1, Da Hua Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
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Proietti M, Cesari M. Describing the relationship between atrial fibrillation and frailty: Clinical implications and open research questions. Exp Gerontol 2021; 152:111455. [PMID: 34153440 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the recent years a lot of attention has been gathered by the issue of frailty outside the boundaries of the geriatric medicine, for example in the field of cardiovascular medicine. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is known as a very common cardiological condition, often burdened by high level of clinical complexity. Aim of this narrative review is to examine the most relevant evidence about the relationship between frailty and AF, focusing also on its impact on clinical management and natural history of patients with this condition. Data reported underline how a relevant relationship exists between these two conditions, even though the burden of frailty among AF cohorts is still unclear. Frailty seems to affect the clinical management, even though no definitive data are yet available. Lastly, frailty significantly increases the risk of all-cause mortality but it's still unclear the impact on thromboembolic and bleeding events. Despite several data are already available, more research is still needed to fully elucidate the relationship between these two clinical entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Proietti
- Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy; Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
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