1
|
Lissek VJ, Orth S, Suchan B. go4cognition: Evaluation of a Newly Developed Multicomponent Intervention in Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:377-392. [PMID: 38669526 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Cognitive training and physical exercise show positive effects on cognitive decline in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Multimodal interventions for MCI patients, combining physical and cognitive training in a social context seem to slow down cognitive decline. Objective Based on a previous study, a new mobile gamification tool (go4cognition; https://www.ontaris.de/go4cognition) has been developed to train cognitive and physical functions simultaneously in a group setting. It involves tasks targeting various cognitive functions (short-term memory, working memory, executive functions). The computer-based setup allows for individual performance analysis. This study evaluated the effects of this tool. Methods 30 participants with MCI, as defined by the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) cut-off-score, aged between 66 and 89 years, trained for one hour two days a week for twelve weeks. Additionally, standard neuropsychological assessment of memory and attention was carried out before and after the intervention. Results The go4cognition device is highly effective in improving various cognitive functions. A significant improvement in the CERAD total score resulting in re-classification of 70% of former MCI patients into non-MCI patients was found. Additionally, an improvement of verbal fluency, verbal memory, spatial memory, and attention was observed. Furthermore, the CERAD total score was significantly correlated with performance in the go4cognition tool. Conclusions The results of the intervention support the idea of the effectiveness of a combined cognitive and motor intervention by incorporating neuropsychological paradigms in a group setting and suggest a close relation between combined cognitive and physical exercise and cognitive performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa J Lissek
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Clinical Neuropsychology, Neuropsychological Therapy Centre, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Boris Suchan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Clinical Neuropsychology, Neuropsychological Therapy Centre, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tominaga H, Tokumoto H, Maeda S, Kawamura I, Sanada M, Kawazoe K, Taketomi E, Taniguchi N. High prevalence of lumbar spinal stenosis in cases of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus affects improvements in gait disturbance after shunt operation. World Neurosurg X 2023; 20:100236. [PMID: 37435396 PMCID: PMC10331591 DOI: 10.1016/j.wnsx.2023.100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is characterized by symptoms of dementia, urinary incontinence, and gait disturbance; however, gait disturbance tends to persist after shunt surgery. Gait disturbance and urinary dysfunction are also major symptoms of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Currently, the epidemiology of the complications of LSS in iNPH is unclear. Here, we evaluated the coexistence rate of LSS in iNPH cases. Methods This was a retrospective case-control study. Between 2011 and 2017, 224 patients with a median age of 78 years, including 119 males, were diagnosed with iNPH and underwent lumboperitoneal shunts or ventriculoperitoneal shunts. LSS was diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging by two spine surgeons. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, and urinary dysfunction were examined. We compared the changes in these variables in the group of patients with iNPH without LSS versus those with both iNPH and LSS. Results Seventy-three iNPH patients (32.6%) with LSS had significantly higher age and BMI. The existence of LSS did not alter the postoperative improvement rates of MMSE and urinary dysfunction; however, TUG improvement was significantly impaired in the LSS-positive group. Conclusions LSS affects improvements in gait disturbance of iNPH patients after shunt operation. Because our results revealed that one-third of iNPH patients were associated with LSS, gait disturbance observed in iNPH patients should be considered a potential complication of LSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tominaga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Hiroto Tokumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Shingo Maeda
- Department of Bone and Joint Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Masato Sanada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Kawazoe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Japanese Red Cross Kagoshima Hospital, 2545 Hirakawa, Kagoshima, 891-0133, Japan
| | - Eiji Taketomi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Kagoshima Hospital, 2545 Hirakawa, Kagoshima, 891-0133, Japan
| | - Noboru Taniguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mori E, Aoyagi Y, Kono Y, Asai H, Tomita H, Izawa H. Exploring the factors associated with decreased dynamic balance ability in older patients with heart failure. Heart Lung 2023; 58:139-143. [PMID: 36512879 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older patients with heart failure (HF) have a higher prevalence of frailty and poorer dynamic balance ability than other community-dwelling older adults. However, the association of frailty and other clinical characteristics with dynamic balance ability in these patients remains unclear. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the clinical characteristics associated with decreased dynamic balance ability in older patients with HF. METHODS This observational study included patients aged ≥65 years who could walk independently and were admitted to our university hospitals to undergo a cardiac rehabilitation. The timed up and go test (TUG) was used to evaluate dynamic balance ability. Pearson's and Spearman's correlation analyses were performed to determine the relationships between TUG scores and clinical characteristics. A multiple regression model based on the forced entry method was used to determine independent predictors of TUG scores. RESULTS Of the 183 participants in this study (94 women; mean age, 82.5 ± 8.1 years), 116 (61.7%) had frailty. Pearson's and Spearman's correlation analyses revealed that age, frailty, sex, knee extensor muscle strength, maximum calf circumference, and Mini-Mental State Examination-Japanese version (MMSE-J) score were significantly correlated with TUG score (p < 0.001). Further, multiple regression analysis showed that age (p < 0.001), frailty (p = 0.041), knee extensor muscle strength (p = 0.002), and MMSE-J score (p = 0.048) were independent predictors of TUG scores. CONCLUSION Multiple factors, including age, frailty, knee extensor muscle weakness, and cognitive function impairment are independently associated with decreased dynamic balance ability in older patients with HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Mori
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; School of Health Sciences, Graduate of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Aoyagi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine I, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan.
| | - Yuji Kono
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Asai
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Course of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hidehito Tomita
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Hideo Izawa
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
LI K, YU H, KORTAS JA, LIN X, LIPOWSKI M. The effect of 12 weeks of Baduanjin exercise on cognitive function, lower limb balance and quality of life of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2023. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.22.04802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
5
|
Koppelmans V, Ruitenberg MF, Schaefer SY, King JB, Hoffman JM, Mejia AF, Tasdizen T, Duff K. Delayed and More Variable Unimanual and Bimanual Finger Tapping in Alzheimer's Disease: Associations with Biomarkers and Applications for Classification. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:1233-1252. [PMID: 37694362 PMCID: PMC10578230 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite reports of gross motor problems in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), fine motor function has been relatively understudied. OBJECTIVE We examined if finger tapping is affected in AD, related to AD biomarkers, and able to classify MCI or AD. METHODS Forty-seven cognitively normal, 27 amnestic MCI, and 26 AD subjects completed unimanual and bimanual computerized tapping tests. We tested 1) group differences in tapping with permutation models; 2) associations between tapping and biomarkers (PET amyloid-β, hippocampal volume, and APOEɛ4 alleles) with linear regression; and 3) the predictive value of tapping for group classification using machine learning. RESULTS AD subjects had slower reaction time and larger speed variability than controls during all tapping conditions, except for dual tapping. MCI subjects performed worse than controls on reaction time and speed variability for dual and non-dominant hand tapping. Tapping speed and variability were related to hippocampal volume, but not to amyloid-β deposition or APOEɛ4 alleles. Random forest classification (overall accuracy = 70%) discriminated control and AD subjects, but poorly discriminated MCI from controls or AD. CONCLUSIONS MCI and AD are linked to more variable finger tapping with slower reaction time. Associations between finger tapping and hippocampal volume, but not amyloidosis, suggest that tapping deficits are related to neuropathology that presents later during the disease. Considering that tapping performance is able to differentiate between control and AD subjects, it can offer a cost-efficient tool for augmenting existing AD biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Koppelmans
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Marit F.L. Ruitenberg
- Department of Health, Medical and Neuropsychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sydney Y. Schaefer
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jace B. King
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John M. Hoffman
- Center for Quantitative Cancer Imaging, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Amanda F. Mejia
- Department of Statistics, University of Indiana, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Tolga Tasdizen
- School of Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kevin Duff
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu C, Dai X, Li Y, Li H. Lifestyle Adjustment: Influential Risk Factors in Cognitive Aging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1419:185-194. [PMID: 37418215 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1627-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive aging is inevitable. However, researchers have demonstrated that lifestyle adjustments can reduce the risk of cognitive impairment. A healthy diet style, the Mediterranean diet, has been proven to benefit the elderly. Oil, salt, sugar, and fat are, on the contrary, risk factors for cognitive dysfunction because of the resultant high caloric intake. Physical and mental exercises, especially cognitive training, are also beneficial for aging. At the same time, several risk factors need to be noted, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, insomnia, and excessive daytime sleeping, which are highly relative to cognitive impairment, cardiovascular diseases, and dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangwei Dai
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanglan Li
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - He Li
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Factors Associated with Dual-Fluency Walk Speed Improvement after Rehabilitation in Older Patients. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247443. [PMID: 36556056 PMCID: PMC9784180 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Walk speed measured under dual-task conditions (neurocognitive tasks) could reflect patient performance in real-life. Rehabilitation programs are effective in increasing walk speed, but few studies have evaluated the associations between geriatric factors and rehabilitation efficacy under dual-task conditions. Our objective was to investigate the association between geriatric factors and an increase in dual-task walk speed (threshold of 0.1 m/s), after a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program. We performed a retrospective cohort study that included patients aged 75 years and over, who underwent a complete rehabilitation program and who had a neurocognitive assessment at baseline. The primary outcome was the increase in the dual-task (fluency verbal task) walking speed between pre- and post-rehabilitation assessments. In this study, 145 patients were included, with a mean age of 83.6 years old. After rehabilitation, dual-task walk speed increase in 62 (43%) patients. In multivariate analysis, the following factors were associated with an increase in dual-task walk speed: IADL (OR 2.50, 95% CI [1.26; 4.94], p = 0.009), vitamin D level (OR 0.83, 95% CI [0.72; 0.95], p = 0.008), severe sarcopenia (OR 0.00, 95% CI [0.00; 0.32], p = 0.016), depression (OR 15.85, 95% CI [1.32; 190.40], p = 0.029), number of drugs (OR 1.41, 95% CI [1.04; 1.92], p = 0.027), initial dual-fluency walk speed (OR 0.92, 95% CI [0.86; 0.98], p = 0.014) and time interval between initial and final assessments (OR 0.98, 95% CI [0.96; 1.00], p = 0.06). Identifying patients that are less resilient to rehabilitation may promote a centered-patient approach for an individualized and optimized rehabilitation care.
Collapse
|
8
|
A Systematic Study into the Effects of Long-Term Multicomponent Training on the Cognitive Abilities of Older Adults with Neurodegenerative Disorders. PSYCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/psych4040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognition includes all processes through which a person becomes aware of their situation, needs, goals, and necessary actions. Regular specialized cognitive and neuromotor simulation exercises have improved various cognitive processes, including memory, speed of reasoning, and problem-solving skills. This review focuses on understanding the efficacy of long-term multicomponent exercise interventions to mitigate and delay the effects on cognitive abilities in older adults with neurodegenerative disorders. The main criteria for final studies were randomised controlled trials with a minimum of a 24-week intervention. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, SCOPUS, B-On, Sport Discus, Scielo, APA PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Academic Search Complete, Medline (PubMed), ERIC, and Google Scholar databases were checked. The search occurred between April 2022 and July 2022. A total of 19 studies were used in this review. The initial search identified 6.835 studies. In the first screening, a total of 6474 studies were excluded. After this, 361 studies were analysed by co-authors and did not meet the specific final criteria and were excluded. In total, 19 studies were included in the final analysis, and 14 papers met all requirements previously defined.
Collapse
|
9
|
Lissek VJ, Ben Abdallah H, Praetorius A, Ohmann T, Suchan B. go4cognition: Combined Physiological and Cognitive Intervention in Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:449-462. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: While cognitive interventions in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) show positive effects on cognitive performance, physical activity appear to slow down cognitive decline, suggesting a relationship between both factors. However, previous combined programs that have shown significant improvement in cognitive function in MCI have typically trained cognition and physical functioning separately. Objective: This project aimed at evaluating two group interventions combining the stimulation of physical and cognitive domains in individuals with MCI: Simultaneous stimulation of physical and cognitive skills in comparison to a standardized training, which stimulates cognitive and physical functions separately. Methods: The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial. The first group was trained on the SpeedCourt® system while the second group completed the standardized Fitfor100 program. Training was completed by a total of 39 subjects with diagnosed MCI as determined by the CERAD (SpeedCourt®: 24 subjects, Fitfor100:15 individuals). Results: There were significant improvements of physical factors (e.g., hand strength and balance) in both groups. Improvement in the CERAD total score allowed for a post interventional classification of all participants into non-MCI and MCI. This effect persisted over a period of three months. Both forms of intervention were found to be effective in improving various cognitive functions which persisted for a period of three months. Conclusion: Both evaluated non-pharmacological, multicomponent interventions, which combined physical and cognitive training in a social setting showed improvement of cognitive functions leading to a persistent classification of former MCI patients in non-MCI patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa J. Lissek
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Clinical Neuropsychology, Neuropsychological Therapy Centre, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Arthur Praetorius
- Department of Arthroscopic Surgery, Sports Traumatology & Sports Medicine, BG Klinikum Duisburg gGmbH, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Ohmann
- Research Department, BG Klinikum Duisburg gGmbH, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Boris Suchan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Clinical Neuropsychology, Neuropsychological Therapy Centre, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vogel O, Niederer D, Vogt L. Multimodal Exercise Effects in Older Adults Depend on Sleep, Movement Biography, and Habitual Physical Activity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:722799. [PMID: 34744686 PMCID: PMC8570408 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.722799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The promotion of healthy aging is one of the major challenges for healthcare systems in current times. The present study investigates the effects of a standardized physical activity intervention for older adults on cognitive capacity, self-reported health, fear of falls, balance, leg strength and gait under consideration of movement biography, sleep duration, and current activity behavior. Methods: This single-blinded, randomized controlled trial included 49 community-dwelling older adults (36 women; 82.9 ± 4.5 years of age (Mean [M] ± SD); intervention group = 25; control group = 24). Movement biography, sleep duration, cognitive capacity, self-reported health status, and fear of falls were assessed by means of questionnaires. Leg strength, gait, and current activity levels were captured using a pressure plate, accelerometers, and conducting the functional-reach and chair-rising-test. The multicomponent intervention took place twice a week for 45 min and lasted 16 weeks. Sub-cohorts of different sleep duration were formed to distinguish between intervention effects and benefits of healthy sleep durations. Change scores were evaluated in univariate analyses of covariances (ANCOVAs) between groups and sub-cohorts of different sleep duration in both groups. Changes in cognitive capacity, self-reported health, fear of falls, balance, leg strength, and gait were investigated using the respective baseline values, movement biography, and current activity levels as covariates. Analysis was by intention-to-treat (ITT). Results: We found sub-cohort differences in cognitive capacity change scores [F (3,48) = 5.498, p = 0.003, ηp 2 = 0.287]. Effects on fear of falls [F (1,48) = 12.961, p = 0.001, ηp 2 = 0.240] and balance change scores F (1,48) = 4.521, p = 0.040, ηp 2 = (0.099) were modified by the level of current activity. Effects on gait cadence were modified by the movement biography [F (1,48) = 4.545; p = 0.039, ηp 2 = 0.100]. Conclusions: Unlike for functional outcomes, our multicomponent intervention in combination with adequate sleep duration appears to provide combinable beneficial effects for cognitive capacity in older adults. Trainability of gait, fear of falls, and flexibility seems to be affected by movement biography and current physical activity levels. Trial registration: This study was registered at the DRKS (German Clinical Trials Register) on November 11, 2020 with the corresponding trial number: DRKS00020472.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Vogel
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sports Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Niederer
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sports Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sports Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kimura N, Maeshima E, Tomokane S, Ikeshima A, Maeda M, Takimoto M, Mishima T. A Study of Changes of Physical Functions According to Changes in Cognitive Functions in Community-Dwelling Elderly People Who Participated in an Exercise Program. JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND MEDICINE 2021; 20:474-481. [PMID: 34267587 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although it is known that physical function differs depending on the state of cognitive function, there are no studies that consider changes in cognitive functions when evaluating physical functions of participants before and after an exercise program. In this study, it was observed changes in cognitive function and physical functions of elderly people who participated in a community-based exercise program for 6 months, and examined changes in physical functions that took into account changes in cognitive functions. Forty-nine participants, whose cognitive and physical functions were both measured before and after the exercise program, were included in the analysis. The Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J) was used to assess participants' cognitive function and to determine whether they had mild cognitive impairment (MCI). To assess physical functions, a battery of physical tests was completed. Participants were classified into four groups (before/after; non-MCI/non-MCI, MCI/MCI, non-MCI/MCI, and MCI/non-MCI) according to the changes in cognitive functions after six months. There was no significant difference in the physical functions of the four groups before the start of the program. When changes in physical functions were examined in each group, some changes in physical functions were observed in the groups other than the non-MCI/MCI group. However, there was no significant difference in the physical functions between the four groups after the program. It was suggested that changes in physical functions of elderly people who participated in a community-based exercise program over a 6-month period were not different due to changes in cognitive functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Kimura
- Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Department of Health and Sport Management, Sennan, Osaka, Japan
| | - Etsuko Maeshima
- Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Department of Health and Sport Management, Sennan, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sayaka Tomokane
- Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Department of Health and Sport Management, Sennan, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiko Ikeshima
- Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Department of Health and Sport Management, Sennan, Osaka, Japan
| | - Megumi Maeda
- Kishigawa rehabilitation hospital, Kinokawa, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masaki Takimoto
- Kyoto University of Advanced and Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Kameoka, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Mishima
- Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Department of Health and Sport Management, Sennan, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sheshadri A, Kittiskulnam P, Delgado C, Sudore RL, Lai JC, Johansen KL. Association of Cognitive Function Screening Results with Adherence and Performance in a Pedometer-Based Intervention. Am J Nephrol 2021; 52:420-428. [PMID: 33979802 DOI: 10.1159/000516130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A randomized, controlled trial of a pedometer-based walking intervention with weekly activity goals led to increased walking among dialysis patients. We examined whether impairment per cognitive function screening is associated with adherence and performance in the intervention. METHODS Thirty dialysis patients were randomly assigned to a 3-month pedometer-based intervention with weekly goals. Participants were administered the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status (TICS), a test of global mental status. We examined the association of levels of impairment on the TICS (≥33: unimpaired, 26-32: ambiguous impairment, 21-25: mild cognitive impairment [MCI]) with adherence, achieving weekly goals, and increasing steps, physical performance (Short Physical Performance Battery, SPPB), and self-reported physical function (PF) through multivariable linear mixed-model and logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, BMI, dialysis modality, baseline steps, baseline SPPB, and stroke status. RESULTS One-third of participants were unimpaired, and 13% had MCI. Participants with worse results on cognitive function screening missed more calls and completed fewer weekly goals than participants with better results. During the intervention, a worse result on cognitive function screening was associated with smaller increases in steps compared to those without impairment: (ambiguous: -620 [95% CI -174, -1,415], MCI: -1,653 [95% CI -120, -3,187]); less improvement in SPPB (ambiguous: -0.22 points [95% CI -0.08, -0.44], MCI: -0.45 [95% CI -0.13, -0.77]); and less improvement in PF (ambiguous: -4.0 points [95% CI -12.2, 4.1], MCI: -14.0 [95% CI -24.9, -3.1]). During the postintervention period, a worse result on cognitive function screening was associated with smaller increases in SPPB (ambiguous: -0.54 [95% CI -1.27, 0.19], MCI: -0.97 [95% CI -0.37, -1.58]) and PF (ambiguous: -3.3 [95% CI -6.5, -0.04], MCI: -10.5 [95% CI -18.7, -2.3]). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Participants with worse results on cognitive function screening had worse adherence and derived less benefit from this pedometer-based intervention. Future exercise interventions should be developed incorporating methods to address cognitive impairment, for example, by including caregivers when planning such interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Sheshadri
- Nephrology Section, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Piyawan Kittiskulnam
- Division of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Special Task Force for Activating Research in Renal Nutrition (Renal Nutrition Research Group), Office of Research Affairs, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Cynthia Delgado
- Nephrology Section, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rebecca L Sudore
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jennifer C Lai
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kirsten L Johansen
- Division of Nephrology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Nephrology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Preventing dementia? Interventional approaches in mild cognitive impairment. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 122:143-164. [PMID: 33440197 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is defined as an intermediate state between normal cognitive aging and dementia. It describes a status of the subjective impression of cognitive decline and objectively detectible memory impairment beyond normal age-related changes. Activities of daily living are not affected. As the population ages, there is a growing need for early, proactive programs that can delay the consequences of dementia and improve the well-being of people with MCI and their caregivers. Various forms and approaches of intervention for older people with MCI have been suggested to delay cognitive decline. Pharmacological as well as non-pharmacological approaches (cognitive, physiological, nutritional supplementation, electric stimulation, psychosocial therapeutic) and multicomponent interventions have been proposed. Interventional approaches in MCI from 2009 to April 2019 concerning the cognitive performance are presented in this review.
Collapse
|
14
|
Trends in the public health significance, definitions of disease, and implications for prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2020; 7:68-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s40471-020-00231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
15
|
Langoni CDS, Resende TDL, Barcellos AB, Cecchele B, Knob MS, Silva TDN, da Rosa JN, Diogo TDS, Filho IGDS, Schwanke CHA. Effect of Exercise on Cognition, Conditioning, Muscle Endurance, and Balance in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2020; 42:E15-E22. [PMID: 29738405 DOI: 10.1519/jpt.0000000000000191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may be a precursor to dementia; however, its progression may be prevented or slowed with exercise. This study aimed at determining the effects of group aerobic and strength training on cognition, conditioning, muscle endurance, and balance in underprivileged community-dwelling older adults with MCI. METHODS This was a single-blind, randomized, and matched-pair controlled (gender, age, body mass index, and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised for MCI diagnosis) clinical trial. It was developed in 4 community centers. Fifty-two sedentary, functionally independent individuals, aged 60 years or more, with MCI were randomized into intervention group (n = 26) and control group (n = 26). Participants were tested before and after a 24-week exercise program. Sociodemographic characteristics, cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination), conditioning (2-minute stationary walk test), lower-limb endurance (30-second sit/stand test), and balance data (Functional Reach test) were collected. The intervention group walked and exercised twice weekly (60 minutes each) using ankle weights, latex resistance bands, and dumbbells. The exercise load and intensity were regularly increased on the basis of a preestablished incremental number of sets and repetitions and on the basis of the participants' correct movement execution with a given load. Data were analyzed with Pearson χ test, Fisher exact test, Student t test, Mann-Whitney U test, 2-way repeated measures analysis of variance, and the Cohen d. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Before the intervention, no significant differences were found between groups for any of the variables. Postintervention, significant differences were observed in cognition, conditioning, muscle endurance, and balance. Significant time-by-group interactions were detected in all the intergroup analyses. The improvements observed in the intervention group had medium to large effect sizes (0.35-1.15). The control group's decrease in cognition (13.9%) had a large effect size, while its Functional Reach test decrease (11.4%) had a medium effect size, with no significant change in conditioning or muscle endurance. CONCLUSION The training program improved cognitive function, muscle endurance, aerobic conditioning, and balance in older adults with MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thais de Lima Resende
- School of Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Betina Cecchele
- School of Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mateus Soares Knob
- School of Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Nunes da Rosa
- School of Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tamiris de Souza Diogo
- School of Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
McGough EL, Lin SY, Belza B, Becofsky KM, Jones DL, Liu M, Wilcox S, Logsdon RG. A Scoping Review of Physical Performance Outcome Measures Used in Exercise Interventions for Older Adults With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2020; 42:28-47. [PMID: 29210934 DOI: 10.1519/jpt.0000000000000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is growing evidence that exercise interventions can mitigate functional decline and reduce fall risk in older adults with Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD). Although physical performance outcome measures have been successfully used in older adults without cognitive impairment, additional research is needed regarding their use with individuals who have ADRD, and who may have difficulty following instructions regarding performance of these measures. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify commonly used physical performance outcome measures, for exercise interventions, that are responsive and reliable in older adults with ADRD. Ultimately, we aimed to provide recommendations regarding the use of outcome measures for individuals with ADRD across several domains of physical performance. METHODS A scoping review was conducted to broadly assess physical performance outcome measures used in exercise interventions for older adults with ADRD. Exercise intervention studies that included at least 1 measure of physical performance were included. All physical performance outcome measures were abstracted, coded, and categorized into 5 domains of physical performance: fitness, functional mobility, gait, balance, and strength. Criteria for recommendations were based on (1) the frequency of use, (2) responsiveness, and (3) reliability. Frequency was determined by the number of studies that used the outcome measure per physical performance domain. Responsiveness was assessed via calculated effect size of the outcome measures across studies within physical performance domains. Reliability was evaluated via published studies of psychometric properties. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 20 physical performance outcome measures were extracted from 48 articles that met study inclusion criteria. The most frequently used outcome measures were the 6-minute walk test, Timed Up and Go, repeated chair stand tests, short-distance gait speed, the Berg Balance Scale, and isometric strength measures. These outcome measures demonstrated a small, medium, or large effect in at least 50% of the exercise intervention studies. Good to excellent reliability was reported in samples of older adults with mild to moderate dementia. Fitness, functional mobility, gait, balance, and strength represent important domains of physical performance for older adults. The 6-minute walk test, Timed Up and Go, repeated chair stand tests, short-distance gait speed, Berg Balance Scale, and isometric strength are recommended as commonly used and reliable physical performance outcome measures for exercise interventions in older adults with mild to moderate ADRD. Further research is needed on optimal measures for individuals with severe ADRD. CONCLUSIONS The results of this review will aid clinicians and researchers in selecting reliable measures to evaluate physical performance outcomes in response to exercise interventions in older adults with ADRD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen L McGough
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Shih-Yin Lin
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Basia Belza
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Health Promotion Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Katie M Becofsky
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Dina L Jones
- Department of Orthopaedics, Division of Physical Therapy, and Injury Control Research Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Minhui Liu
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Center for Innovative Care in Aging School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sara Wilcox
- Department of Exercise Science and Prevention Research Center, University of South Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Rebecca G Logsdon
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Health Promotion Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kasuga S, Momosaki R, Hasebe K, Sawabe M, Sawaguchi A. Effectiveness of self-exercise on elderly patients after hip fracture : A retrospective cohort study. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2019; 66:178-181. [PMID: 31064934 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.66.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to clarify the impact of self-exercise for elderly patients in an acute hospital after hip fracture. This retrospective observational study used data from the Japan Rehabilitation Database spanning 2005-2015. This study identified in-hospital hip fracture patients admitted to an acute hospital. After applying exclusion criteria, 375 patients were eligible. The primary outcome was motor Functional Independence Measure (FIM) efficiency. Of the patients with hip fracture, 39% performed self-exercises. Patients who performed self-exercise had significantly higher motor FIM efficiency than those who did not (1.22 vs. 0.79 ; P ?0.01). Multivariable regression analysis showed that motor FIM efficiency was significantly and positively correlated with self-exercise (coefficient, 0.25 ; 95% confidence interval, 0.13 to 0.43 ; P ?0.01). The data suggest that self-exercise is associated with good rehabilitation outcomes in hip fracture patients. J. Med. Invest. 66 : 178-181, February, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Kasuga
- Department of Rehabilitation, Teikyo University School of Medicine University Hospital, Mizonokuchi
| | - Ryo Momosaki
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine University Hospital, Mizonokuchi.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Kiyotaka Hasebe
- Department of Rehabilitation, Teikyo University School of Medicine University Hospital, Mizonokuchi
| | - Masashi Sawabe
- Department of Rehabilitation, Teikyo University School of Medicine University Hospital, Mizonokuchi
| | - Akira Sawaguchi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Teikyo University School of Medicine University Hospital, Mizonokuchi
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Time course of changes in motor-cognitive exergame performances during task-specific training in patients with dementia: identification and predictors of early training response. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2018; 15:100. [PMID: 30409202 PMCID: PMC6225709 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-018-0433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some studies have already suggested that exergame interventions can be effective to improve physical, cognitive, motor-cognitive, and psychological outcomes in patients with dementia (PwD). However, little is known about the training volume required to induce such positive effects and the inter-individual differences in training response among PwD. The aim of the study was to analyze the time course of changes in motor-cognitive exergame performances during a task-specific training program and to identify predictors of early training response in PwD. Methods Secondary analyses of data from the intervention group (IG) of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to improve motor-cognitive performances in PwD. Fifty-six geriatric patients with mild-to-moderate dementia randomized to the IG underwent a 10-week, task-specific training program (2×/week) on an exergame-based balance training system (Physiomat®), combining postural control tasks with cognitive tasks of an established neuropsychological test (Trail Making Test). Main outcome was the time required to complete different Physiomat®-Tasks (PTs) assessed at baseline (T1), training session 7 (TS7) and 14 (TS14), and post-intervention after 20 training sessions (T2). Reliable change indices were used to identify early responders from T1 to TS7. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors of early training response. Results Completion time significantly improved already from T1 to TS7 in all PTs (p ≤ .001–.006), with moderate to very large effect sizes (r = .38–.52; Cohen’s d = .85–1.45). For most PTs, significant progressive improvements from TS7 to TS14 and TS14 to T2 were not observed. Thirty-one (59.6%) participants were classified as early responders and 21 (40.4%) as non-early responders. Lower baseline exergame performance and lower visuospatial and divided attention abilities were independently associated with early training response. Conclusions Substantial task-specific improvements in complex motor-cognitive exergame performances can be obtained within a surprisingly short intervention period in PwD. Our results confirm that not only an excellent training response can be achieved in this patient population, but also that more vulnerable patients with greater deficits in domain-specific cognitive functions associated with fall risk may even reap the most and fastest benefit from motor-cognitive exergame interventions. Trial registration ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN37232817 (retrospectively registered on 04/02/2012).
Collapse
|
19
|
Lipardo DS, Tsang WWN. Falls prevention through physical and cognitive training (falls PACT) in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial protocol. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18:193. [PMID: 30143002 PMCID: PMC6109308 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0868-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The presence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults increases their fall risk. While physical exercise is effective in reducing falls rate and risk of falls, and cognitive training in improving cognitive functioning in healthy older adults, their effectiveness in preventing falls and reducing risks of falls in MCI when administered simultaneously is not yet established. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of combined physical and cognitive training in preventing falls and decreasing risks of falls among community-dwelling older persons with MCI. Methods/design This is a single-blind, multicentre, randomized controlled trial. At least ninety-three community-dwelling older adults with MCI aged 60 or above will be recruited. They will be randomly allocated into four groups: Physical Training alone (PT), Cognitive Training alone (CT), combined Physical And Cognitive Training (PACT) and Waitlist Group (WG). The PT group will perform exercises (flexibility, endurance, strengthening, and balance training) for 60–90 min three times per week for 12 weeks. The CT group will be involved in a paper-based training focusing on orientation, memory, attention and executive functioning for 60–90 min per session, once a week for 12 weeks. The PACT group will undergo cognitive training incorporated in physical exercise for 60–90 min three times per week for 12 weeks. The WG will receive the intervention, combined physical and cognitive training, at a later date. Assessors blinded to participant allocation will conduct pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 6-month follow-up assessments. The primary outcome measure will be falls rate. The secondary outcome measures will be Physiologic Profile Assessment and Falls Risk for Older Persons in the Community, and assessments that evaluate cognitive, physical and psychological factors related to falls. Discussion Considering the possible physical, social, financial and psychological consequences of a fall, we hope to provide insights on the effectiveness of combining physical and cognitive training on falls and fall-related factors for older adults with MCI. It is projected that the combined interventions will lead to significantly lower falls rate and reduced risk of falls compared to using single or no intervention. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03167840. Registered on May 30, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald S Lipardo
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China.,Department of Physical Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - William W N Tsang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lam FMH, Liao LR, Kwok TCY, Pang MYC. Effects of adding whole-body vibration to routine day activity program on physical functioning in elderly with mild or moderate dementia: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2018; 33:21-30. [PMID: 28094873 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) added to a routine activity program on lower limb strength, balance, and mobility among community-dwelling individuals with mild or moderate dementia, compared with the routine program alone. METHODS Fifty-four older adults (40 women; mean (SD) age: 79.8 (6.1) years) with mild or moderate dementia were recruited from two daycare centers. The participants were randomly allocated to undergo a routine day activity program combined with WBV training (WBV at 30 Hz, 2-mm peak-to-peak amplitude) or the routine program only without WBV for 9 weeks (18 sessions). The primary outcome was functional mobility, measured using the timed up-and-go test. The following secondary outcomes were evaluated: Berg Balance Scale, Tinetti balance assessment, time to complete 5 repetitions of sit-to-stand, Quality of Life in Alzheimer's disease questionnaire, and Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale. The attendance rate and incidence of adverse events were also recorded. RESULTS The attendance rate for the training was high (86.0%). The incidence of adverse events was low, with only two of the 27 participants in the WBV group reporting mild knee pain. While significant improvement in timed up-and-go, Berg Balance Scale, and Tinetti balance score was found in both groups, none of the outcomes demonstrated a significant group by time interaction. CONCLUSIONS WBV training is feasible and safe to use with people with mild or moderate dementia. However, it did not lead to further improvement in physical function and quality of life than the usual activity program provided at the daycare centers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freddy M H Lam
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - L R Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jiangsu Provincial Yixing Jiuru Rehabilitation Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Timothy C Y Kwok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Marco Y C Pang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lam FM, Huang MZ, Liao LR, Chung RC, Kwok TC, Pang MY. Physical exercise improves strength, balance, mobility, and endurance in people with cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review. J Physiother 2018; 64:4-15. [PMID: 29289581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphys.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
QUESTION Does physical exercise training improve physical function and quality of life in people with cognitive impairment and dementia? Which training protocols improve physical function and quality of life? How do cognitive impairment and other patient characteristics influence the outcomes of exercise training? DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised trials. PARTICIPANTS People with mild cognitive impairment or dementia as the primary diagnosis. INTERVENTION Physical exercise. OUTCOME MEASURES Strength, flexibility, gait, balance, mobility, walking endurance, dual-task ability, activities of daily living, quality of life, and falls. RESULTS Forty-three clinical trials (n=3988) were included. According to the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system, the meta-analyses revealed strong evidence in support of using supervised exercise training to improve the results of 30-second sit-to-stand test (MD 2.1 repetitions, 95% CI 0.3 to 3.9), step length (MD 5cm, 95% CI 2 to 8), Berg Balance Scale (MD 3.6 points, 95% CI 0.3 to 7.0), functional reach (3.9cm, 95% CI 2.2 to 5.5), Timed Up and Go test (-1second, 95% CI -2 to 0), walking speed (0.13m/s, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.24), and 6-minute walk test (50m, 95% CI 18 to 81) in individuals with mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Weak evidence supported the use of exercise in improving flexibility and Barthel Index performance. Weak evidence suggested that non-specific exercise did not improve dual-tasking ability or activity level. Strong evidence indicated that exercise did not improve quality of life in this population. The effect of exercise on falls remained inconclusive. Poorer physical function was a determinant of better response to exercise training, but cognitive performance did not have an impact. CONCLUSION People with various levels of cognitive impairment can benefit from supervised multi-modal exercise for about 60minutes a day, 2 to 3days a week to improve physical function. [Lam FMH , Huang MZ, Liao LR, Chung RCK, Kwok TCY, Pang MYC (2018) Physical exercise improves strength, balance, mobility, and endurance in people with cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review. Journal of Physiotherapy 64: 4-15].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Mh Lam
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Mei-Zhen Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Lin-Rong Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jiangsu Provincial Yixing Jiuru Rehabilitation Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Raymond Ck Chung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Timothy Cy Kwok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Marco Yc Pang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ibrahim A, Singh DKA, Shahar S, Omar MA. Timed up and go test combined with self-rated multifactorial questionnaire on falls risk and sociodemographic factors predicts falls among community-dwelling older adults better than the timed up and go test on its own. J Multidiscip Healthc 2017; 10:409-416. [PMID: 29138571 PMCID: PMC5667639 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s142520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection of falls risk among older adults using simple tools may assist in fall prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to identify the best parameters associated with previous falls, either the timed up and go (TUG) test combined with sociodemographic factors and a self-rated multifactorial questionnaire (SRMQ) on falls risk or the TUG on its own. Falls risk was determined based on parameters associated with previous falls. DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study. SETTING The study was conducted in a community setting. PARTICIPANTS The participants were 1,086 community-dwelling older adults, with mean age of 69.6±5.6 years. Participants were categorized into fallers and nonfallers based on their history of falls in the past 12 months. METHOD Participants' sociodemographic data was taken, and SRMQ consisting of five falls-related questions was administered. Participants performed the TUG test twice, and the mean was taken as the result. RESULTS A total of 161 participants were categorized as fallers (14.8%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the model (χ2(6)=61.0, p<0.001, Nagelkerke R2=0.10) consisting of the TUG test, sociodemographic factors (gender, cataract/glaucoma and joint pain), as well as the SRMQ items "previous falls history" (Q1) and "worried of falls" (Q5), was more robust in terms of falls risk association compared to that with TUG on its own (χ2(1)=10.3, p<0.001, Nagelkerke R2=0.02). CONCLUSION Combination of sociodemographic factors and SRMQ with TUG is more favorable as an initial falls risk screening tool among community-dwelling older adults. Subsequently, further comprehensive falls risk assessment may be performed in clinical settings to identify the specific impairments for effective management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azianah Ibrahim
- Physiotherapy Programme, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- Pantai Integrated Rehab Services Sendirian Berhad, Pandan Indah
| | - Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh
- Physiotherapy Programme, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Community Rehabilitation and Ageing Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azahadi Omar
- Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hagovska M, Nagyova I. The transfer of skills from cognitive and physical training to activities of daily living: a randomised controlled study. Eur J Ageing 2017; 14:133-142. [PMID: 28804398 PMCID: PMC5550658 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-016-0395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is associated with the deterioration of all cognitive functions, including attention, memory and psychomotor speed. It has not yet been clearly confirmed whether the effects of cognitive and physical interventions can improve activities of daily living (ADL). This study compared the effectiveness of cognitive and physical training on cognitive functions and the transfer to ADL. Eighty older people with mild cognitive impairment (mean age 67.07 ± 4.3 years) were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 40) and a control group (n = 40). Data were collected in an outpatient psychiatric clinic in a randomised controlled trial. Primary outcome measures included the following: cognitive functions were evaluated using the mini mental state examination, the AVLT-Auditory verbal learning test, the Stroop test, the TMT-trail making test, the DRT-disjunctive reaction time and the NHPT-nine hole peg test. Secondary outcome measure was the Bristol activities of daily living scale. The experimental group underwent a CogniPlus and physical training; consisting of 20 training sessions over 10 weeks. Both groups went through 30 min of daily physical training for 10 weeks. After the training, significant differences in favour of the experimental group were found in almost all the tests. In memory (AVLT) (p ≤ 0.0001, effect size (ES) η2 = 0.218. In reduction of the response time on attention tasks (Stroop tasks) (p ≤ 0.006, ES = 0.092-0.115). In lower error rates in all tests: Stroop tasks, DRT, TMT, NHPT (p ≤ 0.02-0.001, ES = 0.062-0.176). In ADL (p ≤ 0.0001, ES = 0.176). The combined cognitive and physical training had better efficacy for most cognitive functions and for ADL when compared with the physical training only.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Hagovska
- Department of Physiatry, Balneology, and Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Rastislavova 43, 040 01 Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Iveta Nagyova
- Department of Social and Behavioural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Furtado G, Patrício M, Loureiro M, Teixeira AM, Ferreira JP. Physical Fitness and Frailty Syndrome in Institutionalized Older Women. Percept Mot Skills 2017; 124:754-776. [DOI: 10.1177/0031512517709915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Furtado
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF) at Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education (FCDEF), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Patrício
- Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics and IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marisa Loureiro
- Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics and IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Teixeira
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF) at Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education (FCDEF), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Pedro Ferreira
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF) at Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education (FCDEF), Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abe T, Tsuji T, Kitano N, Muraki T, Hotta K, Okura T. [Effects of Square-Stepping Exercise inducing activation of the brain's cognitive function in community-dwelling older Japanese females--Focus on the baseline cognitive function level and age]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 2016; 52:162-9. [PMID: 25994988 DOI: 10.3143/geriatrics.52.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the degree of improvement in cognitive function achieved with an exercise intervention in community-dwelling older Japanese women is affected by the participant's baseline cognitive function and age. METHODS Eighty-eight women (mean age: 70.5±4.2 years) participated in a prevention program for long-term care. They completed the Square-Stepping Exercise (SSE) program once a week, 120 minutes/session, for 11 weeks. We assessed participants' cognitive function using 5 cognitive tests (5-Cog) before and after the intervention. We defined cognitive function as the 5-Cog total score and defined the change in cognitive function as the 5-cog post-score minus the pre-score. We divided participants into four groups based on age (≤69 years or ≥70 years) and baseline cognitive function level (above vs. below the median cognitive function level). We conducted two-way analysis of variance. RESULTS All 4 groups improved significantly in cognitive function after the intervention. There were no baseline cognitive function level×age interactions and no significant main effects of age, although significant main effects of baseline cognitive function level (P=0.004, η(2)=0.09) were observed. CONCLUSION Square-Stepping Exercise is an effective exercise for improving cognitive function. These results suggest that older adults with cognitive decline are more likely to improve their cognitive function with exercise than if they start the intervention with high cognitive function. Furthermore, during an exercise intervention, baseline cognitive function level may have more of an effect than a participant's age on the degree of cognitive improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Abe
- Master's Program in Physical Education, Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Teixeira AM, Ferreira JP, Hogervorst E, Braga MF, Bandelow S, Rama L, Figueiredo A, Campos MJ, Furtado GE, Chupel MU, Pedrosa FM. Study Protocol on Hormonal Mediation of Exercise on Cognition, Stress and Immunity (PRO-HMECSI): Effects of Different Exercise Programmes in Institutionalized Elders. Front Public Health 2016; 4:133. [PMID: 27446898 PMCID: PMC4921497 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) in elders has been shown to have positive effects on a plethora of chronic diseases and to improve immunity, mental health, and cognition. Chronic stress has also been shown to have immuno-suppressive effects and to accelerate immunosenescence. Exercise could be a significant factor in ameliorating the deleterious effects of chronic stress, but variables such as the type, intensity, and frequency of exercise that should be performed in order to effectively reduce the stress burden need to be defined clearly. PRO-HMECSI will allow us to investigate which hormonal and immunological parameters are able to mediate the effects of exercise on mucosal immunity, psychological/biological stress, and cognitive functioning in older people. Phase I consists of an observational cross-sectional study that compares elders groups (n = 223, >65 years) by functional fitness levels aiming to identify biomarkers involved in maintaining immune and mental health. Neuroendocrine and immune biomarkers of stress, psychological well-being related to mental health, neurocognitive function, functional fitness, and daily PA will be evaluated. Phase II consists of a 28-week intervention in elders with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) profile (n = 149, >65 years, divided in three groups of exercise and one control group), aiming to investigate whether the positive effect of three different types of chair-based exercise programs on physical and psychological health is mediated by an optimal endocrine environment. Primary outcomes are measures of cognitive function and global health. Secondary outcomes include the evaluation the other dimensions such as immune function, psychological health, and depression. Few studies addressed the effects of different types of exercise interventions in older population samples with MCI. We will also be able to determine which type of exercise is more effective in the immune and hormonal function of this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Teixeira
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - José Pedro Ferreira
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Eef Hogervorst
- National Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK
| | - Margarida Ferreira Braga
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Porto University , Porto , Portugal
| | - Stephan Bandelow
- National Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK
| | - Luís Rama
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - António Figueiredo
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Maria João Campos
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Guilherme Eustáquio Furtado
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Matheus Uba Chupel
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Filipa Martins Pedrosa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hsiao HT, Li SY, Yang YP, Lin LL, Lin SI, Wang JJ. Cognitive Function and Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling Seniors with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Taiwan. Community Ment Health J 2016; 52:493-8. [PMID: 26993652 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-016-9993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to examine the relationships between overall cognitive function and the quality of life (QOL) domains, and to compare the differences in these by age, gender, and educational level in community-dwelling seniors in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted, with the participants screened and recruited from Southern Tainan. The Saint Louis University Mental Status Examination was used to screen the cognitive status of the participants. A total of 144 seniors participated in this study were assessed using the Taiwanese version of WHOQOL-BREF. The results showed that the participants performed better in the cognitive domains of "figure identification" and "orientation" while they performed poor in "delayed recall" and "immediate paragraph recall". No significant relationship between cognitive function and overall QOL, but a positive relationship between cognitive function and the physical health domain of QOL was found. The findings of this study provide valuable information for community healthcare providers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Tsen Hsiao
- Institute of Allied Health Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Ta-Hsueh Rd., Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Fooyin University, 151 Jinxue Rd., Daliao Dist., Kaohsiung City, 83102, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Ying Li
- Taiwan Taipei School for Visually Impaired, No. 1, Ln. 207, Sec. 2, Zhongcheng Rd., Shilin Dist., Taipei City, 111, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ya-Ping Yang
- Institute of Allied Health Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Ta-Hsueh Rd., Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Linda L Lin
- Institute of Pysical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Ta-Hsueh Rd., Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sang-I Lin
- Department of Pysical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Ta-Hsueh Rd., Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jing-Jy Wang
- Institute of Allied Health Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Ta-Hsueh Rd., Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The article discusses the two most significant modifiable risk factors for dementia, namely, physical inactivity and lack of stimulating cognitive activity, and their effects on developing cognitive reserve. RECENT FINDINGS Both of these leisure-time activities were associated with significant reductions in the risk of dementia in longitudinal studies. In addition, physical activity, particularly aerobic exercise, is associated with less age-related gray and white matter loss and with less neurotoxic factors. On the other hand, cognitive training studies suggest that training for executive functions (e.g., working memory) improves prefrontal network efficiency, which provides support to brain functioning in the face of cognitive decline. While physical activity preserves neuronal structural integrity and brain volume (hardware), cognitive activity strengthens the functioning and plasticity of neural circuits (software), thus supporting cognitive reserve in different ways. Future research should examine whether lifestyle interventions incorporating these two domains can reduce incident dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheung-Tak Cheng
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong. .,Department of Clinical Psychology, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Relationships between balance control and cognitive functions, gait speed, and activities of daily living. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2015; 49:379-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00391-015-0955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
30
|
Jensen CS, Hasselbalch SG, Waldemar G, Simonsen AH. Biochemical Markers of Physical Exercise on Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Systematic Review and Perspectives. Front Neurol 2015; 6:187. [PMID: 26379621 PMCID: PMC4549649 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cognitive effects of physical exercise in patients with dementia disorders or mild cognitive impairment have been examined in various studies; however the biochemical effects of exercise from intervention studies are largely unknown. The objective of this systematic review is to investigate the published results on biomarkers in physical exercise intervention studies in patients with MCI or dementia. METHODS The PubMed database was searched for studies from 1976 to February 2015. We included intervention studies investigating the effect of physical exercise activity on biomarkers in patients with MCI or dementia. RESULTS A total of eight studies were identified (n = 447 patients) evaluating exercise regimes with variable duration (single session-three sessions/week for 26 weeks) and intensity (light-resistance training-high-intensity aerobic exercise). Various biomarkers were measured before and after intervention. Seven of the eight studies found a significant effect on their selected biomarkers with a positive effect of exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor, cholesterol, testosterone, estradiol, dehydroepiadrosterone, and insulin in the intervention groups compared with controls. CONCLUSION Although few studies suggest a beneficial effect on selected biomarkers, we need more knowledge of the biochemical effect of physical exercise in dementia or MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Steen Jensen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet – Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Gregers Hasselbalch
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet – Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunhild Waldemar
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet – Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Hviid Simonsen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet – Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hildreth KL, Van Pelt RE, Moreau KL, Grigsby J, Hoth KF, Pelak V, Anderson CA, Parnes B, Kittelson J, Wolfe P, Nakamura T, Linnebur SA, Trujillo JM, Aquilante CL, Schwartz RS. Effects of pioglitazone or exercise in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and insulin resistance: a pilot study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2015; 5:51-63. [PMID: 25852732 PMCID: PMC4361908 DOI: 10.1159/000371509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To examine the effects of pioglitazone or endurance exercise training on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and insulin resistance. METHODS Seventy-eight adults (mean age ± SD: 65 ± 7 years) with central obesity and MCI were randomized to 6 months of endurance exercise, pioglitazone or control. RESULTS Sixty-six participants completed the study. Exercise training did not significantly increase peak oxygen uptake compared to control (p = 0.12). Compared to control, insulin resistance improved in the pioglitazone group (p = 0.002) but not in the exercise group (p = 0.25). There was no measureable effect of pioglitazone or exercise on cognitive performance compared to control. CONCLUSION In this pilot study, pioglitazone improved insulin resistance but not cognitive performance in older adults with MCI and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L Hildreth
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| | - Rachael E Van Pelt
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| | - Kerrie L Moreau
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| | - Jim Grigsby
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| | - Karin F Hoth
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| | - Victoria Pelak
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| | - C Alan Anderson
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| | - Bennett Parnes
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| | - John Kittelson
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| | - Pamela Wolfe
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| | - Tammie Nakamura
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| | - Sunny A Linnebur
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| | - Jennifer M Trujillo
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| | - Christina L Aquilante
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| | - Robert S Schwartz
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Casas-Herrero A, Cadore EL, Zambom-Ferraresi F, Idoate F, Millor N, Martínez-Ramirez A, Gómez M, Rodriguez-Mañas L, Marcellán T, de Gordoa AR, Marques MC, Izquierdo M. Functional capacity, muscle fat infiltration, power output, and cognitive impairment in institutionalized frail oldest old. Rejuvenation Res 2014; 16:396-403. [PMID: 23822577 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2013.1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the neuromuscular and functional performance differences between frail oldest old with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In addition, the associations between functional capacities, muscle mass, strength, and power output of the leg muscles were also examined. Forty-three elderly men and women (91.9±4.1 years) were classified into three groups--the frail group, the frail with MCI group (frail+MCI), and the non-frail group. Strength tests were performed for upper and lower limbs. Functional tests included 5-meter habitual gait, timed up-and-go (TUG), dual task performance, balance, and rise from a chair ability. Incidence of falls was assessed using questionnaires. The thigh muscle mass and attenuation were assessed using computed tomography. There were no differences between the frail and frail+MCI groups for all the functional variables analyzed, except in the cognitive score of the TUG with verbal task, which frail showed greater performance than the frail+MCI group. Significant associations were observed between the functional performance, incidence of falls, muscle mass, strength, and power in the frail and frail+MCI groups (r=-0.73 to r=0.83, p<0.01 to p<0.05). These results suggest that the frail oldest old with and without MCI have similar functional and neuromuscular outcomes. Furthermore, the functional outcomes and incidences of falls are associated with muscle mass, strength, and power in the frail elderly population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Casas-Herrero
- 1 Division of Geriatric Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra , Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pedersen MM, Holt NE, Grande L, Kurlinski LA, Beauchamp MK, Kiely DK, Petersen J, Leveille S, Bean JF. Mild cognitive impairment status and mobility performance: an analysis from the Boston RISE study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 69:1511-8. [PMID: 24799356 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mobility limitations is high among older adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between MCI status and both performance-based and self-report measures of mobility in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS An analysis was conducted on baseline data from the Boston Rehabilitative Impairment Study in the Elderly study, a cohort study of 430 primary care patients aged 65 or older. Neuropsychological tests identified participants with MCI and further subclassified those with impairment in memory domains (aMCI), nonmemory domains (naMCI), and multiple domains (mdMCI). Linear regression models were used to assess the association between MCI status and mobility performance in the Habitual Gait Speed, Figure of 8 Walk, Short Physical Performance Battery, and self-reported Late Life Function and Disability Instrument's Basic Lower Extremity and Advanced Lower Extremity function scales. RESULTS Participants had a mean age of 76.6 years, and 42% were characterized with MCI. Participants with MCI performed significantly worse than participants without MCI (No-MCI) on all performance and self-report measures (p < .01). All MCI subtypes performed significantly worse than No-MCI on all mobility measures (p < .05) except for aMCI versus No-MCI on the Figure of 8 Walk (p = .054) and Basic Lower Extremity (p = .11). Moreover, compared with aMCI, mdMCI manifested worse performance on the Figure of 8 Walk and Short Physical Performance Battery, and naMCI manifested worse performance on Short Physical Performance Battery and Basic Lower Extremity. CONCLUSIONS Among older community-dwelling primary care patients, performance on a broad range of mobility measures was worse among those with MCI, appearing poorest among those with nonmemory MCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mette M Pedersen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Clinical Research Centre, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Nicole E Holt
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura Grande
- Psychology Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Massachusetts. Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts
| | - Laura A Kurlinski
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marla K Beauchamp
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dan K Kiely
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Janne Petersen
- Clinical Research Centre, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jonathan F Bean
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Okubo Y, Osuka Y, Jung S, Figueroa R, Tsujimoto T, Aiba T, Kim T, Tanaka K. Effects of walking on physical and psychological fall-related factors in community-dwelling older adults: Walking versus balance program. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTS MEDICINE 2014. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.3.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|