1
|
Fiz F, Piccardo A, Morbelli S, Bottoni G, Piana M, Cabria M, Bagnasco M, Sambuceti G. Longitudinal analysis of atherosclerotic plaques evolution: an 18F-NaF PET/CT study. J Nucl Cardiol 2022; 29:1713-1723. [PMID: 33630243 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-021-02556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE 18F-NaF-PET/CT can detect mineral metabolism within atherosclerotic plaques. To ascertain whether their 18F-NaF uptake purports progression, this index was compared with subsequent morphologic evolution. METHODS 71 patients underwent two consecutive 18F-NaF-PET/CTs (PET1/PET2). In PET1, non-calcified 18F-NaF hot spots were identified in the abdominal aorta. Their mean/max HU was compared with those of a non-calcified control region (CR) and with corresponding areas in PET2. A target-to-background ratio (TBR), mean density (HU), and calcium score (CS) were calculated on calcified atherosclerotic plaques in PET1 and compared with those in PET2. A VOI including the entire abdominal aorta was drawn; mean TBR and total CS were calculated on PET1 and compared with those PET2. RESULTS Hot spots in PET1 (N = 179) had a greater HU than CR (48 ± 8 vs 37 ± 9, P < .01). Mean hot spots HU increased to 59 ± 12 in PET2 (P < .001). New calcifications appeared at the hot spots site in 73 cases (41%). Baseline atherosclerotic plaque's (N = 375) TBR was proportional to percent HU and CS increase (P < .01 for both). Aortic CS increased (P < .001); the whole-aorta TBR in PET1 correlated with the CS increase between the baseline and the second PET/CT (R = .63, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS 18F-NaF-PET/CT depicts the early stages of plaques development and tracks their evolution over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fiz
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni, 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy.
| | - Arnoldo Piccardo
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, E. O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine, 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Antonio Pastore, 1, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bottoni
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, E. O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine, 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Piana
- Department of Mathematics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso, 35, 16146, Genoa, Italy
| | - Manlio Cabria
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, E. O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine, 14, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marcello Bagnasco
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical specialties, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianmario Sambuceti
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Antonio Pastore, 1, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Regan B, O'Kennedy R, Collins D. Advances in point-of-care testing for cardiovascular diseases. Adv Clin Chem 2021; 104:1-70. [PMID: 34462053 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) is a specific format of diagnostic testing that is conducted without accompanying infrastructure or sophisticated instrumentation. Traditionally, such rapid sample-to-answer assays provide inferior analytical performances to their laboratory counterparts when measuring cardiac biomarkers. Hence, their potentially broad applicability is somewhat bound by their inability to detect clinically relevant concentrations of cardiac troponin (cTn) in the early stages of myocardial injury. However, the continuous refinement of biorecognition elements, the optimization of detection techniques, and the fabrication of tailored fluid handling systems to manage the sensing process has stimulated the production of commercial assays that can support accelerated diagnostic pathways. This review will present the latest commercial POC assays and examine their impact on clinical decision-making. The individual elements that constitute POC assays will be explored, with an emphasis on aspects that contribute to economically feasible and highly sensitive assays. Furthermore, the prospect of POCT imparting a greater influence on early interventions for medium to high-risk individuals and the potential to re-shape the paradigm of cardiovascular risk assessments will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Regan
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; Research Complex, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - David Collins
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Basdeki ED, Tsirimiagkou C, Argyris A, Moschonis G, Sfikakis P, Protogerou AD, Karatzi K. Moderately increased alcohol consumption is associated with higher pressure wave reflections and blood pressure in men. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:85-94. [PMID: 33500112 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increased alcohol consumption has been associated with CVD risk. Subclinical arterial damage (SAD) precedes the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and allows early identification and study of the pathophysiology of CVD. Reliable, noninvasive vascular biomarkers are available for the early detection of SAD and reclassification of CVD risk. To investigate the association of alcohol consumption with multiple SAD biomarkers and central hemodynamics in a large sample of Greek adults with CVD risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS This cross-sectional study was conducted with 938 participants (43.5% men) and collected data on SAD biomarkers, central hemodynamics, and dietary intake. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed according to sex after adjusting for several confounders. In men, alcohol consumption of 20-30 g/d was positively associated with mean, diastolic, and peripheral systolic blood pressure (BP). The consumption of >30 g/d was positively associated with the augmentation index. In women, no statistically significant associations were found between alcohol consumption and BP or SAD indices. No statistically significant associations were found between alcohol consumption and arterial compliance or distensibility in both sexes. CONCLUSION In men even a small deviation from the current recommendation for alcohol consumption is associated with both higher BP indices and pressure wave reflections. The absence of association in women might be due to very low alcohol intake, even in the high consumption group. More studies are needed to verify our findings and establish the above associations in each sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eirini D Basdeki
- Cardiovascular Prevention & Research Unit, Clinic & Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Greece
| | - Christiana Tsirimiagkou
- Cardiovascular Prevention & Research Unit, Clinic & Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Argyris
- Cardiovascular Prevention & Research Unit, Clinic & Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - George Moschonis
- Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Petros Sfikakis
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, 1(st) Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Athens University Medical School, Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanase D Protogerou
- Cardiovascular Prevention & Research Unit, Clinic & Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece; Hellenic Foundation for Cardiovascular Health and Nutrition, Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Karatzi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Greece; Hellenic Foundation for Cardiovascular Health and Nutrition, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oscillometrically Measured Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity Reveals Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis in a Middle-Aged, Apparently Healthy Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8571062. [PMID: 32025521 PMCID: PMC6991166 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8571062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Asymptomatic atherosclerosis is a common entity even at young age. Studies have suggested a strong relationship between increased arterial stiffness and asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis (ACA) in general population, particularly in those with high cardiovascular risk, but no data exist from a younger population free from recognized cardiovascular disease. Hypothesis. We hypothesized there is an association between ACA and aortic pulse wave velocity (PWVao) in middle-aged, apparently healthy, normotensive population to reveal increased cardiovascular risk. Methods We examined the relationship between ACA and PWVao in 236 apparently healthy, asymptomatic, normotensive, middle-aged subjects (age 47 ± 8 years; 52% women). PWVao was measured with the oscillometric method (Arteriograph). ACA was assessed by carotid artery ultrasonography. Results ACA was present in 51 subjects. Subjects with ACA were older (p < 0.009), more likely to be smokers (p < 0.009), more likely to be smokers (p < 0.009), more likely to be smokers (p < 0.009), more likely to be smokers (p < 0.009), more likely to be smokers (p < 0.009), more likely to be smokers (p < 0.009), more likely to be smokers (p < 0.009), more likely to be smokers (. Conclusions PWVao measured by the Arteriograph proved to be an independent marker of ACA. Our study may reveal high CV risk, detected as increased PWVao, which according to our study is related in a very high probability to asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis in apparently healthy, young, and middle-aged subjects.
Collapse
|
5
|
Association Between Carotid-Cerebral Pulse Wave Velocity and Acute Ischemic Stroke: Clinical Trial Protocol. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 28:2580-2584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
|
6
|
Comparison of RANKL expression, inflammatory markers, and cardiovascular risk in patients with acute coronary syndrome with and without rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2019; 39:1723-1732. [PMID: 31297563 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-019-04367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms responsible for increased cardiovascular risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) involve local and systemic inflammatory processes. We aimed to compare inflammatory markers and mortality risk in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with and without RA. The study involved 95 ACS patients (46 with RA and 49 without RA) and 40 healthy controls. Serum levels of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Ligand (sRANKL), Osteoprotegerin (sOPG), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and high-sensitivity Tropinin I (hs-TnI) were tested in all participants. Additionally, ACS patients were assessed on RANKL expression (exRANKL) on coronary arteries and mortality risk on the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events scale (GRACE). exRANKL was established in 35 (76%) ACS patients with RA, vs. 19 (39%) patients without RA, p < 0.001. RA patients had significantly higher levels of sRANKL and sOPG at 24 h and 48 h compared to ACS patients without RA and healthy controls (sRANKL 24 h: 121.33 vs. 51.67 vs. 36.94, p = 0.019; sRANKL 48 h: 89.21 vs. 36.95 vs. 36.94, p = 0.004; sOPG 24 h: 207.71 vs. 69.39 vs. 111.91, p < 0.001; sOPG 48 h: 143.36 vs. 69.38 vs. 111.91, p < 0.001). RA patients had significantly higher RANKL:OPG ratio at 48 h (0.062 vs. 0.53 vs. 0.33, p < 0.001), hs-CRP (28.82 vs. 23.67 vs. 2.60, p < 0.001) and hs-TnI (0.90 vs. 0.76 vs. 0.012). GRACE risk score was significantly higher in RA patients vs. those without RA (140.45 vs. 125.50, p = 0.030) and correlated with exRANKL, RANKL:OPG, hs-CRP, and hs-TnI. Our results indicate that exRANKL, inflammatory markers and mortality risk are amplified in ACS patients with RA compared to ACS patients without RA.
Collapse
|
7
|
Fu X, Li X, Xiong L, Li X, Huang R, Gao Q. Cerebral Arterial Stiffness as A New Marker of Early Stage Atherosclerosis of The Cerebral Large Artery in Acute Stroke. J Atheroscler Thromb 2019; 26:783-791. [PMID: 30662019 PMCID: PMC6753241 DOI: 10.5551/jat.46573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Carotid–cer ebral pulse wave velocity (ccPWV) reflects the segment (C-M segment) stiffness between the common carotid artery and ipsilateral middle cerebral artery. C-M segment atherosclerosis (CMSA) is regarded the most frequent cause of anterior circulation ischemic stroke. We aimed to evaluate the association of ccPWV with early stage CMSA in this study. Methods: Eighty-one acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with 154 C-M segments who were successfully evaluated with digital subtraction angiography, ccPWV, carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT), and brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity were enrolled into this study. Patient demographics and clinical data were retrieved from our AIS databases. Results: Multivariate analyses showed that CMSA was independently associated with higher systolic BP, ccPWV, and cIMT. ccPWV and cIMT presented good diagnostic values for evaluating early stage CMSA in the receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of ccPWV were significantly higher than that of cIMT (Z = 2.204, P = 0.007). The AUC, sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, and cutoff of ccPWV for detecting early stage CMSA were 0.815 (P < 0.001), 86%, 70.7%, 0.567, and 5.4 m/s, respectively. Furthermore, ccPWV was significantly correlated with the stenosis of CMSA at the early stage in Spearman's correlation analyses (r = 0.877, P < 0.001) and fractional polynomial plot with 95% confidence intervals. Conclusions: Cerebral arterial stiffness has the potential to be a new marker of early stage atherosclerosis of the cerebral large artery. This finding may help us prevent the occurrence of stroke and decrease the burden of society from stroke patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Fu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Xianliang Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Xuelong Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Ruxun Huang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University
| | - Qingchun Gao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fu X, Liu Q, Zeng X, Huang S, Huang R, Gao Q. Association between Cerebral Arterial Stiffness and Large Artery Atherosclerosis in Acute Ischemic Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 27:2993-3000. [PMID: 30146389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Carotid-cerebral pulse wave velocity (ccPWV) reflects the segment (C-M segment) stiffness between common carotid artery and ipsilateral middle cerebral artery. The C-M segment atherosclerosis (CMSA) is regarded as a most frequent cause of anterior circulation ischemic stroke. We therefore, attempted to investigate the relationship between cerebral arterial stiffness and CMSA, and provide reliable data for the early diagnosis of CMSA. METHODS Between June 2012 and August 2016, 81 acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with 154 C-M segments successfully evaluated with digital subtraction angiography and ccPWV were enrolled into this study. Patient demographics and clinical data were retrieved from our AIS databases. RESULTS Multivariate analyses showed that ccPWV was independently associated with CMSA (β = 39.6, P = .009) and Systolic blood pressure (β = 7.1, P < .001) in AIS patients. The values of ccPWV had a trend to be higher in the groups with more lesions (F = 45.9, P < .01) and severer stenosis (F = 102.6, P = .000), and was positively correlated with the number of lesions (r = .662, P = .000), and degree of stenosis (r = .858, P = .000) of CMSA. The fractional polynomial plots with 95% CIs also describe the close relationship between ccPWV and the number of lesions and degree of stenosis in CMSA. CONCLUSIONS Cerebral arterial stiffness is independently associated with the presence of CMSA, closely related to the vascular damage of C-M segment and reflects the vascular structure change of C-M segment in AIS patients. It may have the potential for assessment of CMSA in its initial stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Fu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou
| | - Qi Liu
- New Era Stroke Care and Research Institute, General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing
| | - Xianfan Zeng
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou
| | - Shiyan Huang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou
| | - Ruxun Huang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingchun Gao
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Di Bello V, Fabiani I, Calogero E, Colonna P, Carerj S, Canterin FA, Benedetto F, La Carrubba S, Pugliese NR, Barletta V, Conte L. Clinical Usefulness of Cardio-ankle Vascular Index, Local Artery Carotid Stiffness and Global Longitudinal Strain in Subjects with Cardiovascular Risk Factors. J Cardiovasc Echogr 2017; 27:81-87. [PMID: 28758058 PMCID: PMC5516445 DOI: 10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_10_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vitantonio Di Bello
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Cisanello Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Iacopo Fabiani
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Cisanello Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Calogero
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Cisanello Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Scipione Carerj
- G. Martino Hospital, Division of Cardiology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Frank Benedetto
- Division of Cardiology, Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli Hospital, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Salvatore La Carrubba
- Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, Division of General Internal Medicine, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicola R Pugliese
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Cisanello Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Barletta
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Cisanello Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Conte
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Cisanello Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li ZJ, Liu Y, Du LF, Luo XH. Evaluating arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes patients using ultrasonic radiofrequency. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 36:442-448. [PMID: 27376818 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-016-1606-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Differences in arterial stiffness between the two sides of the carotid arteries were investigated using ultrasonic radiofrequency in 88 patients with type 2 diabetes and 70 controls. The compliance coefficient (CC), pulse wave velocity (PWV), intima-media thickness (CIMT) and diameter (CCAD) of the common carotid arteries (CCAs) were measured. The ratio of the left to right CCAs was calculated to provide four indexes: CC ratio, PWV ratio, CIMT ratio and CCAD ratio. In the diabetes group, the PWV on the left side was significantly higher than that on the right side, while the CC on the left side was significantly lower than that on the right side. The bilateral CIMT was thicker and CCAD was wider, the left PWV traveled faster, and the right CC was higher in the diabetes group than in the control group. The PWV ratio between the two groups was significantly different and correlated positively with duration of diabetes and systolic blood pressure (SBP). The differences between the two sides of CCAs in patients with diabetes suggested that disease duration and SBP were important risk factors for arterial stiffness. Identifying the difference could potentially lead to the much earlier diagnosis of arteriosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Jun Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Lian-Fang Du
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xiang-Hong Luo
- Department of Echocardiography, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Castellon X, Bogdanova V. Chronic Inflammatory Diseases and Endothelial Dysfunction. Aging Dis 2016; 7:81-9. [PMID: 26815098 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2015.0803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases are associated with increases in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and subclinical atherosclerosis as well as early-stage endothelial dysfunction screening using the FMD method (Flow Mediated Dilation). This phenomenon, referred to as accelerated pathological remodeling of arterial wall, could be attributed to traditional risk factors associated with atherosclerosis. Several new non-invasive techniques have been used to study arterial wall's structural and functional alterations. These techniques (based of Radio Frequency, RF) allow for an assessment of artery age through calculations of intima-media thickness (RF- QIMT), pulse wave rate (RF- QAS) and endothelial dysfunction degree (FMD). The inflammatory and autoimmune diseases should now be considered as new cardiovascular risk factors, result of the major consequences of oxidative stress and RAS (Renin Angiotensin System) imbalance associated with the deleterious effect of known risk factors that lead to the alteration of the arterial wall. Inflammation plays a key role in all stages of the formation of vascular lesions maintained and exacerbated by the risk factors. The consequence of chronic inflammation is endothelial dysfunction that sets in and we can define it as an integrated marker of the damage to arterial walls by classic risk factors. The atherosclerosis, which develops among these patients, is the main cause for cardiovascular morbi-mortality and uncontrolled chronic biological inflammation, which quickly favors endothelial dysfunction. These inflammatory and autoimmune diseases should now be considered as new cardiovascular risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vera Bogdanova
- Privat Hospital, Athis Mons, 91200 Athis-Mons, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mavrogeni SI, Markousis-Mavrogenis G, Kolovou G. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance for early atherosclerosis detection: fiction or reality? Hypertension 2015; 65:985-6. [PMID: 25776073 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie I Mavrogeni
- From the Department of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Genovefa Kolovou
- From the Department of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV, Sobenin IA, Melnichenko AA, Chistiakov DA. Modified low density lipoprotein and lipoprotein-containing circulating immune complexes as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of atherosclerosis and type 1 diabetes macrovascular disease. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:12807-41. [PMID: 25050779 PMCID: PMC4139876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150712807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In atherosclerosis; blood low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are subjected to multiple enzymatic and non-enzymatic modifications that increase their atherogenicity and induce immunogenicity. Modified LDL are capable of inducing vascular inflammation through activation of innate immunity; thus, contributing to the progression of atherogenesis. The immunogenicity of modified LDL results in induction of self-antibodies specific to a certain type of modified LDL. The antibodies react with modified LDL forming circulating immune complexes. Circulating immune complexes exhibit prominent immunomodulatory properties that influence atherosclerotic inflammation. Compared to freely circulating modified LDL; modified LDL associated with the immune complexes have a more robust atherogenic and proinflammatory potential. Various lipid components of the immune complexes may serve not only as diagnostic but also as essential predictive markers of cardiovascular events in atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence indicates that LDL-containing immune complexes can also serve as biomarker for macrovascular disease in type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 125315, Russia.
| | - Yuri V Bobryshev
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 125315, Russia.
| | - Igor A Sobenin
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 125315, Russia.
| | - Alexandra A Melnichenko
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 125315, Russia.
| | - Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Pirogov Russian State Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hanks LJ, Ashraf AP, Gower BA, Alvarez JA, Casazza K. Subclinical Indication of Linkage Between Markers of Skeletal and Cardiovascular Properties. Bone Res 2013; 1. [PMID: 25505642 DOI: 10.4248/br201303007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about early coincidental changes in bone and vascular properties, particularly in the context of skeletal anabolism (puberty) versus relative equilibrium (young adulthood). We aimed to determine if subclinical markers of vascular function were associated with bone mineral content (BMC) and to evaluate the contribution of systemic factors in healthy females ages 14-42 years. Endothelial function was assessed by flow mediated dilatation (FMD), arterial stiffness by pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx), blood pressure (BP) by sphygmomanometer, BMC by DXA, and systemic factors by fasting blood draw. General linear models controlled for age, race and height indicated a positive association between systolic BP (SBP) and BMC independent of systemic factors. When stratified by age using 19 years as a cut-point, there was an inverse relationship between AIx75 in adolescents with insulin (P<0.10) or inflammatory markers (P<0.10) in statistical models. Conversely, there was a positive relationship between BMC and both PWV and AIx75 in young adults (P<0.05). The link between bone and the vasculature may be life stage-dependent. In the context of a less dynamic microenvironment in young adult females, metabolic factors appear to moderate less of an effect of hemodynamic properties on the skeleton relative to adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynae J Hanks
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ambika P Ashraf
- Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Barbara A Gower
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jessica A Alvarez
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, Georgia, USA
| | - Krista Casazza
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|