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Siak PY, Heng WS, Teoh SSH, Lwin YY, Cheah SC. Precision medicine in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: comprehensive review of past, present, and future prospect. J Transl Med 2023; 21:786. [PMID: 37932756 PMCID: PMC10629096 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive malignancy with high propensity for lymphatic spread and distant metastasis. It is prominent as an endemic malignancy in Southern China and Southeast Asia regions. Studies on NPC pathogenesis mechanism in the past decades such as through Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection and oncogenic molecular aberrations have explored several potential targets for therapy and diagnosis. The EBV infection introduces oncoviral proteins that consequently hyperactivate many promitotic pathways and block cell-death inducers. EBV infection is so prevalent in NPC patients such that EBV serological tests were used to diagnose and screen NPC patients. On the other hand, as the downstream effectors of oncogenic mechanisms, the promitotic pathways can potentially be exploited therapeutically. With the apparent heterogeneity and distinct molecular aberrations of NPC tumor, the focus has turned into a more personalized treatment in NPC. Herein in this comprehensive review, we depict the current status of screening, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in NPC. Subsequently, based on the limitations on those aspects, we look at their potential improvements in moving towards the path of precision medicine. The importance of recent advances on the key molecular aberration involved in pathogenesis of NPC for precision medicine progression has also been reported in the present review. Besides, the challenge and future outlook of NPC management will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Yan Siak
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Win Sen Heng
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Sharon Siew Hoon Teoh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Yu Yu Lwin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Medicine, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Shiau-Chuen Cheah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
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El-Benhawy SA, Ebeid SA, Abd El Moneim NA, Arab ARR, Ramadan R. Repression of protocadherin 17 is correlated with elevated angiogenesis and hypoxia markers in female patients with breast cancer. Cancer Biomark 2021; 31:139-148. [PMID: 33896826 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-201593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered cadherin expression plays a vital role in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis and tumor progression. However, the function of protocadherin 17 (PCDH17) in breast cancer remains unclear. OBJECTIVE Our target is to explore PCDH17 gene expression in breast carcinoma tissues and its relation to serum angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) and % of circulating CD34+ cells in breast cancer patients (BCPs). METHODS This study included Fifty female BCPs and 50 healthy females as control group. Cancerous and neighboring normal breast tissues were collected from BCPs as well as blood samples at diagnosis. PCDH17 gene expression was evaluated by RT-PCR. Serum Ang-2, CAIX levels were measured by ELISA and % CD34+ cells were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS PCDH17 was downregulated in cancerous breast tissues and its repression was significantly correlated with advanced stage and larger tumor size. Low PCDH17 was significantly correlated with serum Ang-2, % CD34+ cells and serum CAIX levels. Serum CAIX, Ang-2 and % CD34+ cells levels were highly elevated in BCPs and significantly correlated with clinical stage. CONCLUSIONS PCDH17 downregulation correlated significantly with increased angiogenic and hypoxia biomarkers. These results explore the role of PCDH17 as a tumor suppressor gene inhibiting tumor growth and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa A El-Benhawy
- Radiation Sciences Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samia A Ebeid
- Applied Medical Chemistry Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nadia A Abd El Moneim
- Cancer Management and Research Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amal R R Arab
- Applied Medical Chemistry Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rabie Ramadan
- Experimental and Clinical Surgery Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Yu H, Jiang X, Jiang L, Zhou H, Bao J, Zhu X, Liu F, Huang J. Protocadherin 8 (PCDH8) Inhibits Proliferation, Migration, Invasion, and Angiogenesis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e920665. [PMID: 32330123 PMCID: PMC7197227 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protocadherin 8 (PCDH8) functions as a tumor-suppressor gene in many types of cancer. This study aimed to investigate the role of PCDH8 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Cell proliferation, apoptosis, transwell assay, tube formation assays, and tumor xenograft experiment were performed to explore the role of PCDH8 in the progression of ESCC. RESULTS PCDH8 was found to be downregulated in ESCC cells. Ectopic expression of PCDH8 blocked proliferation, invasion, and migration and induced apoptosis in ESCC cells. Furthermore, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) secretion and the AKT signaling pathway were also inhibited when PCDH8 was upregulated. PCDH8 overexpression suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and pro-angiogenic activity of ESCC cells. In a mouse model of ESCC xenograft tumors, PCDH8 overexpression remarkably restrained tumor cell growth, with the tumor inhibition rate of 75.2%. PCDH8 was the target of miR-200c and had a negative correlation with miR-200c. CONCLUSIONS PCDH8 exerts a tumor-suppressive effect against ESCC cells. However, further studies are required to elucidate the exact molecular mechanism underlying the antitumor activity of PCDH8 in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yu
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoqin Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Huiling Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Jingjing Bao
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Fuxing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Junxing Huang
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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Thanh Nha Uyen L, Amano Y, Al-Kzayer LFY, Kubota N, Kobayashi J, Nakazawa Y, Koike K, Sakashita K. PCDH17 functions as a common tumor suppressor gene in acute leukemia and its transcriptional downregulation is mediated primarily by aberrant histone acetylation, not DNA methylation. Int J Hematol 2019; 111:451-462. [PMID: 31865541 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-019-02799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that methylation of PCDH17 gene is found in 30% of children with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and is significantly correlated to event-free or overall survival. We here evaluated PCDH17 mRNA expression in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and ALL. PCDH17 mRNA expression levels in children with ALL/AML were lower than those in healthy counterparts. We next elucidated the mechanism underlying down-regulation of PCDH17 mRNA, using myeloid and lymphoid leukemic cell lines. Treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) resulted in restoration of PCDH17 mRNA expression and growth inhibition in K562, HL60, REH, and RCH-ACV cell lines. Upregulation of PCDH17 mRNA expression resulted from histone H3 acetylation. Knockdown of the PCDH17 gene, caused by transduction of PCDH17-targeted shRNA, significantly enhanced the proliferation of KU812 cells. Meanwhile, overexpression of PCDH17 via retroviral-particle transfection substantially inhibited the growth of Kasumi1 cells. The fold-increase in PCDH17 mRNA expression mediated by 5-azacytidine, an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase, was fundamentally lower than that produced by TSA. In conclusion, our results suggest that PCDH17 gene functions as a common tumor suppressor gene in leukemic cells, and that histone deacetylase inhibitors re-express PCDH17 mRNA to a greater extent than demethylation reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thanh Nha Uyen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, Vietnam.,Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto,, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yuji Amano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Noriko Kubota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan
| | - Jun Kobayashi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagano Children's Hospital, Azumino, Japan
| | - Yozo Nakazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto,, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kenichi Koike
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto,, Nagano, Japan.,Shinonoi General Hospital, Minami Nagano Center, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sakashita
- Department of Pediatrics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto,, Nagano, Japan. .,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Nagano Children's Hospital, 3100 Toyoshina, Azumino, Nagano, Japan.
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Liu S, Lin H, Wang D, Li Q, Luo H, Li G, Chen X, Li Y, Chen P, Zhai B, Wang W, Zhang R, Chen B, Zhang M, Han X, Li Q, Chen L, Liu Y, Chen X, Li G, Xiang Y, Duan T, Feng J, Lou J, Huang X, Zhang Q, Pan T, Yan L, Jin T, Zhang W, Zhuo L, Sun Y, Xie T, Sui X. PCDH17 increases the sensitivity of colorectal cancer to 5-fluorouracil treatment by inducing apoptosis and autophagic cell death. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:53. [PMID: 31815010 PMCID: PMC6882894 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is known as a first-line chemotherapeutic agent against colorectal cancer (CRC), but drug resistance occurs frequently and significantly limits its clinical success. Our previous study showed that the protocadherin 17 (PCDH17) gene was frequently methylated and functioned as a tumor suppressor in CRC. However, the relationship between PCDH17 and 5-FU resistance in CRC remains unclear. Here, we revealed that PCDH17 was more highly expressed in 5-FU-sensitive CRC tissues than in 5-FU-resistant CRC tissues, and high expression of PCDH17 was correlated with high BECN1 expression. Moreover, this expression profile contributed to superior prognosis and increased survival in CRC patients. Restoring PCDH17 expression augmented the 5-FU sensitivity of CRC in vitro and in vivo by promoting apoptosis and autophagic cell death. Furthermore, autophagy played a dominant role in PCDH17-induced cell death, as an autophagy inhibitor blocked cell death to a greater extent than the pancaspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. PCDH17 inhibition by siRNA decreased the autophagy response and 5-FU sensitivity. Mechanistically, we showed that c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activation was a key determinant in PCDH17-induced autophagy. The compound SP600125, an inhibitor of JNK, suppressed autophagy and 5-FU-induced cell death in PCDH17-reexpressing CRC cells. Taken together, our findings suggest for the first time that PCDH17 increases the sensitivity of CRC to 5-FU treatment by inducing apoptosis and JNK-dependent autophagic cell death. PCDH17 may be a potential prognostic marker for predicting 5-FU sensitivity in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiping Liu
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Haoming Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Guoxiong Li
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Peng Chen
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Bingtao Zhai
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Wengang Wang
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Ruonan Zhang
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Bi Chen
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Xuemeng Han
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Qiujie Li
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Liuxi Chen
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaying Chen
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Guohua Li
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Ting Duan
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Jiao Feng
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Jianshu Lou
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Xingxing Huang
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Ting Pan
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Lili Yan
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Ting Jin
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Wenzheng Zhang
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Lvjia Zhuo
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Yitian Sun
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Tian Xie
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Xinbing Sui
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes and Comprehensive Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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