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Li D, Xiong Y, Li M, Long L, Zhang Y, Yan H, Xiang H. STC2 knockdown inhibits cell proliferation and glycolysis in hepatocellular carcinoma through promoting autophagy by PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 761:110149. [PMID: 39271096 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis exploration and timely intervention of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are crucial due to its global impact on human health. As a general tumor biomarker, stanniocalcin 2 (STC2), its role in HCC remains unclear. We aimed to analyze the effect and mechanism of STC2 on HCC. METHODS STC2 expressions in HCC tissues and cell lines were measured. si-STC2 and oe-STC2 transfections were utilized to analyze how STC2 affected cell functions. Functional enrichment analysis of STC2 was performed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). The regulatory mechanism of STC2 on HCC was investigated using 2-DG, 3-MA, IGF-1, Rap, and LY294002. The impact of STC2 on HCC progression in vivo was evaluated by the tumor formation experiment. RESULTS Higher levels of STC2 expression were observed in HCC tissues and cell lines. Besides, STC2 knockdown reduced proliferation, migration, and invasion, while inducing cell apoptosis. Further analysis indicated a positive correlation between STC2 and glycolysis. STC2 knockdown inhibited glycolysis progression and down-regulated the expressions of PKM2, GLUT1, and HK2 in HCC cells. However, treatment with glycolysis inhibitor (2-DG) prevented oe-STC2 from promoting the growth of HCC cells. Additionally, STC2 knockdown up-regulated the levels of LC3II/LC3I and Beclin1 and reduced the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR. Treatment with 3-MA, IGF-1, Rap, and LY294002 altered the function of STC2 on proliferation and glycolysis in HCC cells. Tumor formation experiment results revealed that STC2 knockdown inhibited HCC progression. CONCLUSIONS STC2 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and glycolysis in HCC through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-mediated autophagy induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Muzi Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Long
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Yongjin Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Huifeng Yan
- The Medical Imaging Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hua Xiang
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China.
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Qie S, Xiong H, Liu Y, Yan C, Wang Y, Tian L, Wang C, Sang N. Stanniocalcin 2 governs cancer cell adaptation to nutrient insufficiency through alleviation of oxidative stress. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:567. [PMID: 39107307 PMCID: PMC11303387 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Solid tumours often endure nutrient insufficiency during progression. How tumour cells adapt to temporal and spatial nutrient insufficiency remains unclear. We previously identified STC2 as one of the most upregulated genes in cells exposed to nutrient insufficiency by transcriptome screening, indicating the potential of STC2 in cellular adaptation to nutrient insufficiency. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying STC2 induction by nutrient insufficiency and subsequent adaptation remain elusive. Here, we report that STC2 protein is dramatically increased and secreted into the culture media by Gln-/Glc- deprivation. STC2 promoter contains cis-elements that are activated by ATF4 and p65/RelA, two transcription factors activated by a variety of cellular stress. Biologically, STC2 induction and secretion promote cell survival but attenuate cell proliferation during nutrient insufficiency, thus switching the priority of cancer cells from proliferation to survival. Loss of STC2 impairs tumour growth by inducing both apoptosis and necrosis in mouse xenografts. Mechanistically, under nutrient insufficient conditions, cells have increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lack of STC2 further elevates ROS levels that lead to increased apoptosis. RNA-Seq analyses reveal STC2 induction suppresses the expression of monoamine oxidase B (MAOB), a mitochondrial membrane enzyme that produces ROS. Moreover, a negative correlation between STC2 and MAOB levels is also identified in human tumour samples. Importantly, the administration of recombinant STC2 to the culture media effectively suppresses MAOB expression as well as apoptosis, suggesting STC2 functions in an autocrine/paracrine manner. Taken together, our findings indicate that nutrient insufficiency induces STC2 expression, which in turn governs the adaptation of cancer cells to nutrient insufficiency through the maintenance of redox homoeostasis, highlighting the potential of STC2 as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Qie
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Tianjin), Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.
| | - Haijuan Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Tianjin), Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaqi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Tianjin), Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenhui Yan
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Tianjin), Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yalei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Tianjin), Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Lifeng Tian
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nianli Sang
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Aydin AA, Yildirim S. Stanniocalcin-2 expression in glioblastoma - A novel prognostic biomarker: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38913. [PMID: 38996177 PMCID: PMC11245224 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the prognostic relevance of Stanniocalcin-2 (STC2) expression, as determined via immunohistochemistry in tumor tissue, in a cohort of 83 patients diagnosed with glioblastoma who underwent maximal safe surgical resection followed by radiotherapy concurrent with adjuvant temozolomide. STC2 expression levels were categorized using a 3-tiered semiquantitative system: negative expression (level 0-), low expression (level 1+), and high expression (levels 2 + and 3+). Patients were categorized into 2 distinct groups according to their STC2 expression levels: negative STC2 (-/+) and positive STC2 (++/+++). The primary outcome measure was the relationship between STC2 expression and progression-free survival (PFS), with overall survival (OS) serving as the secondary endpoint. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis confirmed that patients exhibiting high STC2 expression had significantly shorter OS (8 vs 20 months, P < .001) and PFS (6 vs 18 months, P < .001) than those with low or negative STC2 expression. Multivariate analysis revealed that STC2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for both OS (hazard ratio: 0.4; 95% confidence interval: 0.2-0.8; P < .05) and PFS (hazard ratio: 0.3; 95% confidence interval: 0.2-0.4; P < .05) in patients with glioblastoma. Furthermore, elevated STC2 expression in GBM was correlated with several established aggressive clinicopathological characteristics, including advanced age (≥65 years), low ECOG PS (≥2), and isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation negativity. These findings underscore that heightened STC2 expression within the tumor tissue of GBM patients functions as an adverse prognostic marker, correlating with an elevated risk of progression and reduced OS. Therapeutic interventions targeting the AKT-mTOR, ERK1-2, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors and vascular endothelial growth factor blockade, as well as potential forthcoming antibody-drug conjugates targeting the STC2 molecule, have the potential to broaden the scope of combined treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Armagan Aydin
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Health Science University Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Senay Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Health Science University Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
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Li R, Geng H, Tan X, Wang J, Deng L. Stanniocalcin 2 Regulates Autophagy and Ferroptosis in Mammary Epithelial Cells of Dairy Cows Through the Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Pathway. J Nutr 2024; 154:1790-1802. [PMID: 38636707 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stanniocalcin 2 (STC2), a glycoprotein hormone, is extensively expressed in various organs and tissues, particularly in the mammary gland. STC2 plays a crucial role in enabling cells to adapt to stress conditions and avert apoptosis. The efficiency of milk production is closely linked to both the quantity and quality of mammary cells. Yet, there remains a dearth of research on the impact of STC2 on mammary cells' activity in dairy cows. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of STC2 on the viability of mammary epithelial cells in dairy cows and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS First, the Gene Expression Profiling and Interactive Analysis database was employed to perform survival analysis on STC2 expression in relation to prognosis using The Cancer Genome Atlas and GETx data. Subsequently, the basic physical and chemical properties, gene expression, and potential signaling pathways involved in the growth of dairy cow mammary epithelial cells were determined using STC2 knockdown. RESULTS STC2 knockdown significantly suppressed autophagy in mammary epithelial cells of dairy cows. Moreover, STC2 knockdown upregulated glutathione peroxidase 4 protein expression, elicited an elevation in lipid ROS concentrations, and inhibited the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway, consequently repressing downstream genes involved in lipid synthesis regulated by mTORC1 and ultimately inducing ferroptosis. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study suggest that STC2 suppresses autophagy and ferroptosis through the activation of mTORC1. Mechanically, STC2 exerts an inhibitory effect on ferroptosis by activating antioxidative stress-related proteins, such as glutathione peroxidase 4, to suppress lipid ROS production and stimulating the mTORC1 signaling pathway to enhance the expression of genes associated with lipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- RongNuo Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - HuiJun Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - JiangXin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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5
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Qie S, Xiong H, Liu Y, Yan C, Wang Y, Tian L, Wang C, Sang N. Stanniocalcin 2 governs cancer cell adaptation to nutrient insufficiency through alleviation of oxidative stress. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3904465. [PMID: 38464261 PMCID: PMC10925426 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3904465/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Solid tumours often endure nutrient insufficiency during progression. How tumour cells adapt to temporal and spatial nutrient insufficiency remains unclear. We previously identified STC2 as one of the most upregulated genes in cells exposed to nutrient insufficiency by transcriptome screening, indicating the potential of STC2 in cellular adaptation to nutrient insufficiency. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying STC2 induction by nutrient insufficiency and subsequent adaptation remain elusive. Here, we report that STC2 protein is dramatically increased and secreted into the culture media by Gln-/Glc-deprivation. STC2 promoter contains cis-elements that are activated by ATF4 and p65/RelA, two transcription factors activated by a variety of cellular stress. Biologically, STC2 induction and secretion promote cell survival but attenuate cell proliferation during nutrient insufficiency, thus switching the priority of cancer cells from proliferation to survival. Loss of STC2 impairs tumour growth by inducing both apoptosis and necrosis in mouse xenografts. Mechanistically, under nutrient insufficient conditions, cells have increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lack of STC2 further elevates ROS levels that lead to increased apoptosis. RNA-Seq analyses reveal STC2 induction suppresses the expression of monoamine oxidase B (MAOB), a mitochondrial membrane enzyme that produces ROS. Moreover, a negative correlation between STC2 and MAOB levels is also identified in human tumour samples. Importantly, the administration of recombinant STC2 to the culture media effectively suppresses MAOB expression as well as apoptosis, suggesting STC2 functions in an autocrine/paracrine manner. Taken together, our findings indicate that nutrient insufficiency induces STC2 expression, which in turn governs the adaptation of cancer cells to nutrient insufficiency through the maintenance of redox homeostasis, highlighting the potential of STC2 as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Qie
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital
| | - Haijuan Xiong
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital
| | - Yaqi Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital
| | - Chenhui Yan
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital
| | | | - Lifeng Tian
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University
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Liu YX, Ke Y, Qiu P, Gao J, Deng GP. LncRNA NEAT1 inhibits apoptosis and autophagy of ovarian granulosa cells through miR-654/STC2-mediated MAPK signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2023; 424:113473. [PMID: 36634743 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) anomalies cause early ovarian failure. LncRNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) was down-regulated in premature ovarian failure (POF) mice and connected to the illness, however, the mechanism remained unclear. The levels of gene and protein were measured by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry were used to determine cell viability and apoptosis. The interaction of NEAT1, miR-654, and stanniocalcin-2 (STC2) was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay or RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. The results showed NEAT1 and STC2 down-regulated, while miR-654 up-regulated in POF mice. Overexpression of NEAT1 reduced apoptosis and autophagy in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-treated ovarian granulosa cells (OGCs), and Bax, cleaved-caspase3, LC3B, LC3II/LC3I ratio were decreased and Bcl-2 and p62 were raised. NEAT1 suppressed miR-654 expression by directly targeting miR-654. The inhibition of NEAT1 overexpression on apoptosis and autophagy in OGCs was reversed by miR-654 mimics. STC2 was a target gene of miR-654, and miR-654 inhibitor reduced the apoptosis and autophagy by regulating the STC2/MAPK axis. To sum up, NEAT1 reduced miR-654 expression and modulated the STC2/MAPK pathway to decrease apoptosis and autophagy in POF, indicating a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xi Liu
- Department of gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, PR China; Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, PR China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gynecology, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Yan Ke
- Department of Gynecology, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen 518104, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Pin Qiu
- Department of gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Gao-Pi Deng
- Department of gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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Jiang K, Yin X, Zhang Q, Yin J, Tang Q, Xu M, Wu L, Shen Y, Zhou Z, Yu H, Yan S. STC2 activates PRMT5 to induce radioresistance through DNA damage repair and ferroptosis pathways in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Redox Biol 2023; 60:102626. [PMID: 36764215 PMCID: PMC9929488 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance is the major reason for the failure of radiotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Previous evidence indicated that stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) participates in various biological processes of malignant tumors. However, researches on its effect on radioresistance in cancers are limited. In this study, STC2 was screened out by RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analyses as a potential prognosis predictor of ESCC radiosensitivity and then was determined to facilitate radioresistance. We found that STC2 expression is increased in ESCC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, and a higher level of STC2 is associated with poor prognosis. Also, STC2 mRNA and protein expression levels were higher in radioresistant cells than in their parental cells. Further investigation revealed that STC2 could interact with protein methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) and activate PRMT5, thus leading to the increased expression of symmetric dimethylation of histone H4 on Arg 3 (H4R3me2s). Mechanistically, STC2 can promote DDR through the homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining pathways by activating PRMT5. Meanwhile, STC2 can participate in SLC7A11-mediated ferroptosis in a PRMT5-dependent manner. Finally, these results were validated through in vivo experiments. These findings uncovered that STC2 might be an attractive therapeutic target to overcome ESCC radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingyi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Colorectal Medicine, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuying Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyou Xu
- Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziyang Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Senxiang Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Zhejiang, 310003, Hangzhou, China.
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Lu C, Yang Y, Lingmei L, Qiujuan H, Qianru G, Lisha Q, Wenfeng C, Yun N, Peisen Z. Identification of hub genes in AR-induced tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 197:71-82. [PMID: 36334189 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06788-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 30% of patients with oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer (BC) exhibit intrinsic or recurrent resistance to tamoxifen (TAM) adjuvant endocrine therapy. The androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in about 90% of ER-positive patients. Our previous studies found that BC patients with an AR:ER expression ratio ≥ 2.0 are more susceptible to TAM resistance. However, the specific mechanism by which a high AR:ER ratio promotes TAM resistance remains unknown. METHODS RNA sequencing was performed on 10 cases of BC tissues with AR:ER ratios ≥ 2.0 and 3 cases with AR:ER ratios < 2.0. We then compared our data with the screened TAM-resistant and TAM-sensitive cases from the TCGA BC database. Bioinformatics methods were used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and to perform gene enrichment analysis. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was used to screen hub genes in the AR-induced TAM resistance process. RESULTS PAM50 analysis showed that the molecular phenotype of BC patients with AR:ER ratios ≥ 2.0 was similar to that of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), whereas the BC samples with AR:ER ratios < 2.0 were classified as the luminal subtype. Among the AR:ER ratio ≥ 2.0 and AR:ER < 2.0 BC tumours, 1855 DEGs were identified. Gene enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were enriched mainly in proliferation-related molecular pathways, such as the cell cycle, necroptosis, metabolic pathways and DNA replication. WGCNA analysis showed that SEC14L2, RIIAD1, STC2 and MAGEA6 served as hub genes in AR-induced TAM resistance and were associated with BC survival prognosis in the TCGA cohort. CONCLUSIONS A high AR:ER expression ratio is a biomarker for patients who might develop TAM resistance, and AR expression seems to be a possible mechanism of resistance to endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Lu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Li Lingmei
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Huang Qiujuan
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Guo Qianru
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Qi Lisha
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Cao Wenfeng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Niu Yun
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zhang Peisen
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300222, China.
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Jiang ZH, Shen X, Wei Y, Chen Y, Chai H, Xia L, Leng W. A Pan-Cancer Analysis Reveals the Prognostic and Immunotherapeutic Value of Stanniocalcin-2 (STC2). Front Genet 2022; 13:927046. [PMID: 35937984 PMCID: PMC9354991 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.927046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stanniocalcin-2 (STC2) is a secreted glycoprotein which plays an important role in regulating the homeostasis of calcium, glucose homeostasis, and phosphorus metastasis. Accumulating evidence suggests that STC2 is implicated in cancer mechanisms. However, the effects of STC2 on cancer development and progression across pan-cancer are not yet completely known.Methods: Data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database to obtain differentially expressed genes significantly associated with prognosis (key genes). A gene was selected for subsequent correlation studies by integrating the significance of prognosis and the time-dependent ROC curve. Gene expression of different tumor types was analyzed based on the UCSC XENA website. Furthermore, our study investigated the correlation of STC2 expression between prognosis, immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint genes (ICGs), mismatch repair genes (MMRs), tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and drug sensitivity in various malignant tumors. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted for correlated genes of STC2 to explore potential mechanisms.Results: A total of 3,429 differentially expressed genes and 397 prognosis-related genes were identified from the TCGA database. Twenty-six key genes were found by crossing the former and the latter, and the highest risk gene, STC2, was selected for subsequent correlation studies. STC2 had good diagnostic performance for HNSCC, and was closely related to the survival status and clinicopathological stage of HNSCC patients. In pan-cancer analysis, STC2 was upregulated in 20 cancers and downregulated in seven cancers. STC2 overexpression was overall negatively correlated with overall survival, disease-free survival, disease-specific survival, and progress-free survival. STC2 was profoundly correlated with the tumor immune microenvironment, including immune cell infiltration, ICGs, MMRs, TMB, and MSI. Moreover, STC2 was significantly negatively correlated with the sensitivity or resistance of multiple drugs.Conclusion: STC2 was a potential prognostic biomarker for pan-cancer and a new immunotherapy target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lingyun Xia
- *Correspondence: Lingyun Xia, ; Weidong Leng,
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10
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Yun EJ, Kim D, Hsieh JT, Baek ST. Stanniocalcin 2 drives malignant transformation of human glioblastoma cells by targeting SNAI2 and Matrix Metalloproteinases. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:308. [PMID: 35790735 PMCID: PMC9256701 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor and is refractory to conventional therapies. Although previous studies have proposed that the interaction between gene mutations and the external environment leads to the occurrence of GBM, the pathogenesis of GBM is still unclear and much remains to be studied. Herein, we show an association between human glycoprotein stanniocalcin-2 (STC2) and aggressive GBM progression, and demonstrate the underlying mechanism. Elevated STC2 expression and secretion greatly increase GBM cell growth and invasive phenotypes. Mechanistically, both, conditioned media (CM) containing STC2 and recombinant STC2, can induce the transformation of GBM cells into more malignant phenotypes by upregulating the expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition transcription factor, snail family transcription repressor 2 (SNAI2) as well as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Moreover, we further demonstrate that the oncogenic function of STC2 in GBM is mediated through the MAPK signaling pathway. Collectively, these results identify the mechanism of STC2 targeting SNAI2 and MMPs through the MAPK pathway in GBM, and provide insights into a potential therapeutic strategy for GBM.
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11
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Di S, Bai R, Lu D, Chen C, Ma T, Zou Z, Zhang Z. Long non-coding RNA MAFG-AS1 promotes proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer by modulating STC2 pathway. Cell Death Discov 2022; 8:249. [PMID: 35513366 PMCID: PMC9072673 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. A number of studies proposed that long non-coding RNA plays an essential role in the regulation of invasion and metastasis of various forms of malignancy, including lung cancer, gastric cancer, and bladder cancer. In this study, a long non-coding RNA(LncRNA) MAFG-AS1 was explored in detail to understand the significance in the etiology of breast cancer. The results indicated that expression of LncRNA MAFG-AS1 in the breast cancer tissues was significantly higher than the adjacent normal breast tissues and elevated expression level of LncRNA MAFG-AS1 was correlated to the larger tumor size, negative expression of ER, PR and lymph node metastasis. The potency of breast cancer proliferation, invasion, and metastasis was inhibited in the absence of LncRNA MAFG-AS1. Mechanically, LncRNA MAFG-AS1 was mainly located in the cytoplasm. The downstream target gene of LncRNA MAFG-AS1 was STC2 which might promote cell proliferation and metastasis in breast cancer and this study provides a new potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Di
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Rumeng Bai
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Die Lu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou road, 210029, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunni Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou road, 210029, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital), 157 West 5th Road, 710004, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianshi Ma
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou road, 210029, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital & People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, 158 Shangtang Road, 310014, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zigui Zou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou road, 210029, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou road, 210029, Nanjing, China.
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12
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Stanniocalcin 2 (STC2): a universal tumour biomarker and a potential therapeutical target. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:161. [PMID: 35501821 PMCID: PMC9063168 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02370-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) is a glycoprotein which is expressed in a broad spectrum of tumour cells and tumour tissues derived from human breast, colorectum, stomach, esophagus, prostate, kidney, liver, bone, ovary, lung and so forth. The expression of STC2 is regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels; particularly, STC2 is significantly stimulated under various stress conditions like ER stress, hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. Biologically, STC2 facilitates cells dealing with stress conditions and prevents apoptosis. Importantly, STC2 also promotes the development of acquired resistance to chemo- and radio- therapies. In addition, multiple groups have reported that STC2 overexpression promotes cell proliferation, migration and immune response. Therefore, the overexpression of STC2 is positively correlated with tumour growth, invasion, metastasis and patients' prognosis, highlighting its potential as a biomarker and a therapeutic target. This review focuses on discussing the regulation, biological functions and clinical importance of STC2 in human cancers. Future perspectives in this field will also be discussed.
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13
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Birzniece V, Lam T, McLean M, Reddy N, Shahidipour H, Hayden A, Gurney H, Stone G, Hjortebjerg R, Frystyk J. Insulin-like growth factor role in determining the anti-cancer effect of metformin: RCT in prostate cancer patients. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:EC-21-0375. [PMID: 35324467 PMCID: PMC9066575 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), a principal therapy in patients with prostate cancer, is associated with the development of obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia. Recent evidence indicates that metformin may slow cancer progression and improves survival in prostate cancer patients, but the mechanism is not well understood. Circulating insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are bound to high-affinity binding proteins, which not only modulate the bioavailability and signalling of IGFs but also have independent actions on cell growth and survival. The aim of this study was to investigate whether metformin modulates IGFs, IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), and the pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) - stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) axis. DESIGN AND METHODS In a blinded, randomised, cross-over design, 15 patients with prostate cancer on stable ADT received metformin and placebo treatment for 6 weeks each. Glucose metabolism along with circulating IGFs and IGFBPs was assessed. RESULTS Metformin significantly reduced the homeostasis model assessment as an index of insulin resistance (HOMA IR) and hepatic insulin resistance. Metformin also reduced circulating IGF-2 (P < 0.05) and IGFBP-3 (P < 0.01) but increased IGF bioactivity (P < 0.05). At baseline, IGF-2 correlated significantly with the hepatic insulin resistance (r2= 0.28, P < 0.05). PAPP-A remained unchanged but STC2 declined significantly (P < 0.05) following metformin administration. During metformin treatment, change in HOMA IR correlated with the change in STC2 (r2= 0.35, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Metformin administration alters many components of the circulating IGF system, either directly or indirectly via improved insulin sensitivity. Reduction in IGF-2 and STC2 may provide a novel mechanism for a potential metformin-induced antineoplastic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vita Birzniece
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
- Correspondence should be addressed to V Birzniece:
| | - Teresa Lam
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark McLean
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Navneeta Reddy
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Haleh Shahidipour
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Blacktown Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amy Hayden
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Howard Gurney
- Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Glenn Stone
- School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rikke Hjortebjerg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital & Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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14
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Yi K, Wu J, Tang X, Zhang Q, Wang B, Wang F. Identification of a novel glycolysis-related gene signature for predicting the survival of patients with colon adenocarcinoma. Scand J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:214-221. [PMID: 34644216 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2021.1989026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most frequent histologic subtype of colon cancer is colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). A major problem in the diagnosis and treatment of COAD is that there is lack of new biomarkers to indicate the early stage of COAD. Compared with normally differentiated cells, the glycolytic pathways of tumor cells are more active, thus making them more adaptable to the hypoxic environment of solid tumors, which is known as the Warburg effect. Therefore, establishing a diagnostic and prognostic model based on glycolysis-related genes may provide guidance for the precise treatment of colon cancer. METHODS The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) mRNA data were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The glycolysis-related DEGs were identified using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) with HALLMARK gene sets. Combined with clinical data, we identified prognostic genes in glycolysis-related DEGs based on Cox regression analysis. Four glycolysis-related genes were identified and a predictive model was developed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. cBioPortal investigated the chromosomal variations of these genes. Following that, survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve validation were carried out. The correlations between glycolysis-related gene signatures and molecular features and cancer subtypes were analyzed. RESULTS We discovered five genes (SPAG4, P4HA1, STC2, ENO3, and GPC1) that are associated with COAD patients' prognosis. The risk score was more accurate in predicting prognosis when based on this gene signature in COAD patients. Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the glycolysis-related gene signature's predictive value was independent of clinical variables. CONCLUSION We identified a glycolysis-related five-gene signature and developed a risk staging model potentially valuable for the clinical management of COAD patients. Our results suggest that prognostic markers based on glycolysis-related genes may be a reliable predictive tool for the prognosis of COAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhen Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jianyuan Wu
- Clinical Trial Center of Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Bicheng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Fubing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
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15
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Li S, Huang Q, Li D, Lv L, Li Y, Wu Z. The significance of Stanniocalcin 2 in malignancies and mechanisms. Bioengineered 2021; 12:7276-7285. [PMID: 34612765 PMCID: PMC8806499 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1977551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) is an ortholog of fish stanniocalcins (STCs) and is widely expressed in various organs and tissues. The gene is localized on chromosome 5q33 or 5q35. STC2 has been implicated in glucose homeostasis and phosphorus metabolism. It is also reported to be implicated in various malignancies. STC2 was found to be implicated in breast cancer and gynecologic cancers, suggesting hormone-specific or -dependent activities in these malignancies. Moreover, it was reported to be involved in gastrointestinal tumors, including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, and liver cancers, and respiratory cancers, including laryngeal and lung cancers. It also influenced renal carcinoma and prostate cancer. Notably, as a secreted phosphoprotein, STC2 was detectable in serum and possessed promising predictive value in several malignancies. This review aims to improve the understanding of the role of STC2 in patient diagnosis and prognosis, and tumor development and progression, as well as the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, Fuzong Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, Fuzong Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lizhi Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, Fuzong Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Oncology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Kunming, China
| | - Zhixian Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Disease, Fuzong Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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16
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He Y, Zhou H, Wang W, Xu H, Cheng H. Construction of a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network Reveals Potential Mechanism and Treatment Options for Osteosarcoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:632359. [PMID: 34079579 PMCID: PMC8166411 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.632359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma is a common malignant primary bone tumor in adolescents and children. Numerous studies have shown that circRNAs were involved in the proliferation and invasion of various tumors. However, the role of circRNAs in osteosarcoma remains unclear. Here, we aimed to explore the regulatory network among circRNA-miRNA-mRNA in osteosarcoma. Methods The circRNA (GSE140256), microRNA (GSE28423), and mRNA (GSE99671) expression profiles of osteosarcoma were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs were identified. CircRNA-miRNA interactions and miRNA-mRNA interactions were determined by Circular RNA Interactome (CircInteractome) database and microRNA Data Integration Portal (mirDIP) database, respectively. Then, we constructed a regulatory network. Function enrichment analysis of miRNA and mRNA was performed by DIANA-miRPath v3.0 and Metascape database, respectively. mRNAs with significant prognostic value were identified based on expression profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and we constructed a subnetwork for them. To make the most of the network, we used the CLUE database to predict potential drugs for the treatment of osteosarcoma based on mRNA expression in the network. And we used the STITCH database to analyze and validate the interactions among these drugs and mRNAs, and to further screen for potential drugs. Results A total of 9 circRNAs, 19 miRNAs, 67 mRNAs, 54 pairs of circRNA-miRNA interactions and 110 pairs of miRNA-mRNA interactions were identified. A circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed. Function enrichment analysis indicated that these miRNAs and mRNAs in the network were involved in the process of tumorigenesis and immune response. Among these mRNAs, STC2 and RASGRP2 with significantly prognostic value were identified, and we constructed a subnetwork for them. Based on mRNA expression in the network, three potential drugs, quinacridine, thalidomide and zonisamide, were screened for the treatment of osteosarcoma. Among them, quinacridine and thalidomide have been proved to have anti-tumor effects in previous studies, while zonisamide has not been reported. And a corresponding drug-protein interaction network was constructed. Conclusion Overall, we constructed a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network to investigate the possible mechanism in osteosarcoma, and predicted that quinacridine, thalidomide and zonisamide could be potential drugs for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiting Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoran Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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Stanniocalcin-2 promotes cell EMT and glycolysis via activating ITGB2/FAK/SOX6 signaling pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 38:259-272. [PMID: 33797657 PMCID: PMC8986754 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stanniocalcin-2 (STC2) has been proved to regulate a variety of signaling pathways including cell growth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. However, the role of STC2 in the regulation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the regulatory function of STC2 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and glycolysis traits in NPC and revealed the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that STC2 was highly expressed in primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and lymph node metastatic tissues. Silencing of STC2 inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, and glycolysis. Further analyses for the clinical samples demonstrated that STC2 expression was associated with the poor clinical progression. Moreover, we demonstrated the interaction of ITGB2 with STC2 and its involvement in STC2-mediated ITGB2/FAK/SOX6 axis. Collectively, our results provide new insights into understanding the regulatory mechanism of STC2 and suggest that the STC2/ITGB2/FAK/SOX6 signaling axis may be a potential therapeutic target for NPC.
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18
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Ding Z, Yu D, Li H, Ding Y. Prognostic Correlation of Glycolysis-Related Gene Signature in Patients with Laryngeal Cancer. Am J Med Sci 2021; 362:161-172. [PMID: 34099278 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerobic glycolysis is one of the metabolic characteristics of tumor cells, which is regulated by many genes. The aim of our study was to construct glycolysis-related gene signature to accurately predict the prognosis of laryngeal cancer (LC) patients. METHODS We analyzed the mRNA expression profiles of LC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Eleven glycolysis-related gene sets were analyzed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). In order to acquire the gene signature related to prognosis, we used univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS We confirmed that a gene signature composed of two genes (STC2, LHPP) can predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with LC. Based on each patient's risk score, we found that the survival results of patients in the high-risk group were significantly lower than those in the low-risk group (log-rank test P-value=0.002). Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed that gene signature could independently predict OS in LC patients (HR = 1.981, 95% CI 1.446-2.714 P<0.001). In addition, a nomogram including the age, sex, grade and risk score was constructed. The nomogram demonstrated good accuracy for OS prediction, with a C-index of 0.752. CONCLUSION The glycolysis-related two-gene risk score model could be used as a biomarker for LC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Ding
- Clinical Medical College, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Deshun Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Hefeng Li
- Clinical Medical College, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Yueming Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.
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19
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Ferreira do Carmo A, Dourado MR, Ervolino de Oliveira C, Bastos DC, Domingueti CB, Ribeiro Paranaíba LM, Sawazaki-Calone Í, Borges GÁ, Silva Guerra EN, Casarin RC, Graner E, Salo TA, de Almeida Freitas R, Galvão HC, Coletta RD. Stanniocalcin 2 contributes to aggressiveness and is a prognostic marker for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Cell Res 2020; 393:112092. [PMID: 32445747 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stanniocalcin 2 (STC2), a glycoprotein that regulates calcium and phosphate homeostasis during mineral metabolism, appears to display multiple roles in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. This study aimed to access the prognostic value of STC2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its implications in oral tumorigenesis. STC2 expression was examined in 2 independent cohorts of OSCC tissues by immunohistochemistry. A loss-of-function strategy using shRNA targeting STC2 was employed to investigate STC2 in vitro effects on proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and possible activation of signaling pathways. Moreover, STC2 effects were assessed in vivo in a xenograft mouse cancer model. High expression of STC2 was significantly associated with poor disease-specific survival (HR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.37-5.21, p = 0.001) and high rate of recurrence with a hazard ratio of 2.80 (95% CI: 1.07-5.71, p = 0.03). In vitro downregulation of STC2 expression in OSCC cells attenuated proliferation, migration and invasiveness while increased apoptotic rates. In addition, the STC2 downregulation controlled EMT phenotype of OSCC cells, with regulation on E-cadherin, vimentin, Snail1, Twist and Zeb2. The reactivation of STC2 was observed in the STC2 knockdown cells in the in vivo xenograft model, and no influence on tumor growth was observed. Modulation of STC2 expression levels did not alter consistently the phosphorylation status of CREB, ERK, JNK, p38, p70 S6K, STAT3, STAT5A/B and AKT. Our findings suggest that STC2 overexpression is an independent marker of OSCC outcome and may contribute to tumor progression via regulation of proliferation, survival and invasiveness of OSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Ferreira do Carmo
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Rocha Dourado
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Carine Ervolino de Oliveira
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Débora Campanella Bastos
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Catherine Bueno Domingueti
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lívia Máris Ribeiro Paranaíba
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Íris Sawazaki-Calone
- Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Dentistry School, Western Paraná; State University, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Álvares Borges
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Eliete Neves Silva Guerra
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Renato C Casarin
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Edgard Graner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Tuula A Salo
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Institute of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, University of Helsinki, and HUSLAB, Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Hébel Cavalcanti Galvão
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo D Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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20
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Criscitiello MF, Kraev I, Petersen LH, Lange S. Deimination Protein Profiles in Alligator mississippiensis Reveal Plasma and Extracellular Vesicle-Specific Signatures Relating to Immunity, Metabolic Function, and Gene Regulation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:651. [PMID: 32411128 PMCID: PMC7198796 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alligators are crocodilians and among few species that endured the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event. With long life spans, low metabolic rates, unusual immunological characteristics, including strong antibacterial and antiviral ability, and cancer resistance, crocodilians may hold information for molecular pathways underlying such physiological traits. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are a group of calcium-activated enzymes that cause posttranslational protein deimination/citrullination in a range of target proteins contributing to protein moonlighting functions in health and disease. PADs are phylogenetically conserved and are also a key regulator of extracellular vesicle (EV) release, a critical part of cellular communication. As little is known about PAD-mediated mechanisms in reptile immunology, this study was aimed at profiling EVs and protein deimination in Alligator mississippiensis. Alligator plasma EVs were found to be polydispersed in a 50-400-nm size range. Key immune, metabolic, and gene regulatory proteins were identified to be posttranslationally deiminated in plasma and plasma EVs, with some overlapping hits, while some were unique to either plasma or plasma EVs. In whole plasma, 112 target proteins were identified to be deiminated, while 77 proteins were found as deiminated protein hits in plasma EVs, whereof 31 were specific for EVs only, including proteins specific for gene regulatory functions (e.g., histones). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed KEGG pathways specific to deiminated proteins in whole plasma related to adipocytokine signaling, while KEGG pathways of deiminated proteins specific to EVs included ribosome, biosynthesis of amino acids, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways as well as core histones. This highlights roles for EV-mediated export of deiminated protein cargo with roles in metabolism and gene regulation, also related to cancer. The identification of posttranslational deimination and EV-mediated communication in alligator plasma revealed here contributes to current understanding of protein moonlighting functions and EV-mediated communication in these ancient reptiles, providing novel insight into their unusual immune systems and physiological traits. In addition, our findings may shed light on pathways underlying cancer resistance, antibacterial and antiviral resistance, with translatable value to human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Criscitiello
- Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Lene H. Petersen
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galvestone, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
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Joshi AD. New Insights Into Physiological and Pathophysiological Functions of Stanniocalcin 2. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:172. [PMID: 32296395 PMCID: PMC7136389 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stanniocalcin, a glycosylated peptide hormone, first discovered in a bony fish has originally been shown to play critical role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Two paralogs of stanniocalcin (STC1 and STC2) identified in mammals are widely expressed in variety of tissues. This review provides historical perspective on the discovery of fish and mammalian stanniocalcin, describes molecular regulation of STC2 gene, catalogs distribution as well as expression of STC2 in tissues, and provides key structural information known till date regarding mammalian STC2. Additionally, this mini review summarizes pivotal functions of STC2 in calcium and phosphate regulation, cytoprotection, cell development, and angiogenesis. Finally, STC2's role as a novel marker for human cancers has also been outlined. Reviewing these studies will provide an opportunity to understand STC2's structure, biological functions as well as key molecular pathways involving STC2, which will help us design innovative therapeutic interventions using this novel hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya D. Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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