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Arunkumar G. LncRNAs: the good, the bad, and the unknown. Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 102:9-27. [PMID: 37579511 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2023-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are significant contributors in maintaining genomic integrity through epigenetic regulation. LncRNAs can interact with chromatin-modifying complexes in both cis and trans pathways, drawing them to specific genomic loci and influencing gene expression via DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin remodeling. They can also operate as building blocks to assemble different chromatin-modifying components, facilitating their interactions and gene regulatory functions. Deregulation of these molecules has been associated with various human diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disorders. Thus, lncRNAs are implicated as potential diagnostic indicators and therapeutic targets. This review discusses the current understanding of how lncRNAs mediate epigenetic control, genomic integrity, and their putative functions in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Arunkumar
- The LncRNA, Epigenetics, and Genome Organization Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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2
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Han HS, Lee KW. Liquid Biopsy: An Emerging Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Predictive Tool in Gastric Cancer. J Gastric Cancer 2024; 24:4-28. [PMID: 38225764 PMCID: PMC10774753 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2024.24.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy, a minimally invasive procedure that causes minimal pain and complication risks to patients, has been extensively studied for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, it facilitates comprehensive quantification and serial assessment of the whole-body tumor burden. Several biosources obtained through liquid biopsy have been studied as important biomarkers for establishing early diagnosis, monitoring minimal residual disease, and predicting the prognosis and response to treatment in patients with cancer. Although the clinical application of liquid biopsy in gastric cancer is not as robust as that in other cancers, biomarker studies using liquid biopsy are being actively conducted in patients with gastric cancer. Herein, we aimed to review the role of various biosources that can be obtained from patients with gastric cancer through liquid biopsies, such as blood, saliva, gastric juice, urine, stool, peritoneal lavage fluid, and ascites, by dividing them into cellular and acellular components. In addition, we reviewed previous studies on the diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers for gastric cancer using liquid biopsy and discussed the limitations of liquid biopsy and the challenges to overcome these limitations in patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sook Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Keun-Wook Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
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3
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Silva JMC, Teixeira EB, Mourão RMDS, Ferraz RS, Moreira FC, de Assumpção PP, Calcagno DQ. The landscape of lncRNAs in gastric cancer: from molecular mechanisms to potential clinical applications. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1237723. [PMID: 37670949 PMCID: PMC10476871 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1237723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly prevalent and deadly malignant neoplasm worldwide. Currently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been identified as crucial regulators implicated in GC development and progression. Dysregulated expression of lncRNAs is commonly associated with enhanced tumor migration, invasiveness, and therapy resistance, highlighting their potential as promising targets for clinical applications. This review offers a comprehensive historical overview of lncRNAs in GC, describes the molecular mechanisms, and discusses the prospects and challenges of establishing lncRNAs as precision biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rafaella Sousa Ferraz
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belem, Pará, Brazil
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Tang LH, Ye PC, Yao L, Luo YJ, Tan W, Xiang WP, Liu ZL, Tan L, Xiao JW. LINC01268 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and targeting MARCKS. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:1366-1383. [PMID: 37663944 PMCID: PMC10473932 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i8.1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with differential expression characteristics have been found to be closely related to the tumorigenesis and development of gastric cancer (GC), but their specific mechanisms and roles still need to be further elucidated. AIM To investigate the expression of LINC01268 in GC and its mechanism of affecting GC progression. METHODS Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of LINC01268 in GC tissues, cell lines and plasma. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the value of LINC01268 in the prognostication of GC patients. An receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to evaluate the value of LINC01268 in the diagnosis of GC. Transwell migration and invasion assays and wound healing assays were used to confirm the effect of LINC01268 on the invasion and migration of GC cells. The regulatory relationship between LINC01268 and myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate (MARCKS), the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in GC was demonstrated by western blot analysis. RESULTS The expression of LINC01268 was increased in GC tissues and cell lines. The expression level of LINC01268 was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and tumor differentiation in patients with GC. Over-expression of LINC01268 indicated a poor prognosis for patients with GC, and it had a certain auxiliary diagnostic value for GC. In vitro functional experiments proved that the abnormal expression of LINC01268 further activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and promoted EMT by targeting and regulating MARCKS and ultimately promoted the invasion and metastasis of GC. CONCLUSION This study elucidates that LINC01268 in GC may be an oncogene that further activates the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and EMT by targeting and regulating MARCKS, and ultimately promotes the invasion and metastasis of GC. LINC01268 may be a potential effective target for the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Han Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lin Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ya-Jun Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wang Tan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yaan People’s Hospital, Yaan 625000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wan-Ping Xiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zi-Lin Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ling Tan
- Department of Surgery, People’s Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404041, China
| | - Jiang-Wei Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
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Matsuoka T, Yashiro M. Novel biomarkers for early detection of gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:2515-2533. [PMID: 37213407 PMCID: PMC10198055 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i17.2515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Less than half of GC cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage due to its lack of early symptoms. GC is a heterogeneous disease associated with a number of genetic and somatic mutations. Early detection and effective monitoring of tumor progression are essential for reducing GC disease burden and mortality. The current widespread use of semi-invasive endoscopic methods and radiologic approaches has increased the number of treatable cancers: However, these approaches are invasive, costly, and time-consuming. Thus, novel molecular noninvasive tests that detect GC alterations seem to be more sensitive and specific compared to the current methods. Recent technological advances have enabled the detection of blood-based biomarkers that could be used as diagnostic indicators and for monitoring postsurgical minimal residual disease. These biomarkers include circulating DNA, RNA, extracellular vesicles, and proteins, and their clinical applications are currently being investigated. The identification of ideal diagnostic markers for GC that have high sensitivity and specificity would improve survival rates and contribute to the advancement of precision medicine. This review provides an overview of current topics regarding the novel, recently developed diagnostic markers for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Matsuoka
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 5458585, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 5458585, Japan
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Pourramezan Z, Attar FA, Yusefpour M, Azizi M, Oloomi M. Circulating LncRNAs landscape as potential biomarkers in breast cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1722. [PMID: 36274054 PMCID: PMC9940007 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Iran, the delay in diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer results in low survival rates. AIM It is essential to characterize new therapeutic targets and prognostic breast cancer biomarkers. The rising evidence suggested that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) expression levels are deregulated in human cancers and can use as biomarkers for the rapid diagnosis of breast cancer. METHODS In the present study, a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) technique was used to measure 20 oncogenic and tumor suppressor lncRNAs expression levels in whole blood samples of female breast cancer patients and healthy women. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to assess the diagnostic value of each selected lncRNA as a biomarker. RESULTS The results revealed that some circulating lncRNAs (MEG3, NBAT1, NKILA, GAS5, EPB41L4A-AS2, Z38, and BC040587) were significantly down-regulated in breast cancer patients compared to healthy women. In contrast, other circulating lncRNAs (H19, SPRY4-IT1, XIST, UCA1, AC026904.1, CCAT1, CCAT2, ITGB2-AS, and AK058003) were significantly up-regulated in breast cancer patients compared to controls. It was shown that the expression levels of NKILA, and NBAT1 lncRNAs were related to tumor size, and BC040587 expression level related to age, node metastasis, tumor size, and grade (p < .05). The association between H19 and SPRY4-IT1 lncRNAs with HER-2 was confirmed statistically (p < .05). ROC curves illustrated that the blood levels of SPRY4-IT1, XIST, and H19 lncRNAs have excellent potential in discriminating breast cancer from the healthy controls, showing an AUC of 1.0 (95% CI 1.0-1.0, p = .00), 0.898 (95% CI 0.815-0.981, p = .00), and 0.848 (95% CI 0.701-0.995, p = .01), respectively. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the expression levels of circulating H19 and SPRY4-IT1 lncRNAs in breast cancer patients could consider as the prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in breast cancer, because of their excellent power in discriminating breast cancer from healthy individuals and the significant correlation of H19, and SPRY4-IT1 lncRNAs with clinicopathological traits. We also suggest the possible application of BC040587 lncRNA as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator to assess tumor progression in case of verification in larger patients' cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maryam Yusefpour
- Department of Molecular BiologyPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Masoumeh Azizi
- Department of Molecular MedicineBiotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Mana Oloomi
- Department of Molecular BiologyPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
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Evaluation of lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 Expression as a Diagnostic Biomarker in Colorectal Cancer. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 11:471-478. [PMID: 36718294 PMCID: PMC9883026 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.11.3.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still considered one of the prevalent cancers worldwide. Investigation of potential biomarkers for early detection of CRC is essential for the effective management of patients using therapeutic strategies. Considering that, this study was aimed to examine the changes in lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 expression through colorectal tumorigenesis. Methods Fifty CRC tumor tissues and fifty adjacent normal tissue samples were prepared and involved in the current study. Total RNA was extracted from the samples and then reverse transcribed to complementary DNA. Next, the expression levels of lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 were evaluated using real-time PCR in CRC samples compared to normal ones. Also, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of FOXD2-AS1 for CRC. Results The obtained results showed that the expression level of FOXD2-AS1 gene was significantly (p<0.0001) up-regulated in tumor tissues compared to normal marginal tissues. Also, a significant correlation was observed between higher the expression of FOXD2-AS1and the differentiation of tumor cells. Furthermore, ROC curve analysis estimated an AUC value of 0.59 for FOXD2-AS1, suggesting its potential as a diagnostic target. Conclusion Taken together, the current study implied that tissue-specific upregulation of lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 might be appropriate diagnostic biomarkers for CRC. Nonetheless, more studies are needed to validate these results and further illustrate FOXD2-AS1 function through colorectal tumorigenesis.
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Liu Y, Ding W, Yu W, Zhang Y, Ao X, Wang J. Long non-coding RNAs: Biogenesis, functions, and clinical significance in gastric cancer. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2021; 23:458-476. [PMID: 34901389 PMCID: PMC8637188 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumor types and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Its morbidity and mortality are very high due to a lack of understanding about its pathogenesis and the slow development of novel therapeutic strategies. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs with a length of more than 200 nt. They play crucial roles in a wide spectrum of physiological and pathological processes by regulating the expression of genes involved in proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, cell cycle, invasion, metastasis, DNA damage, and carcinogenesis. The aberrant expression of lncRNAs has been found in various cancer types. A growing amount of evidence demonstrates that lncRNAs are involved in many aspects of GC pathogenesis, including its occurrence, metastasis, and recurrence, indicating their potential role as novel biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets of GC. This review systematically summarizes the biogenesis, biological properties, and functions of lncRNAs and highlights their critical role and clinical significance in GC. This information may contribute to the development of better diagnostics and treatments for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wanpeng Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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Mohammadzadeh A, Dastmalchi N, Hussen BM, Shadbad MA, Safaralizadeh R. An updated review on the therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic value of long non-coding RNAs in gastric cancer. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:3471-3482. [PMID: 34781858 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666211115121019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As a novel group of non-coding RNAs, long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) can substantially regulate various biological processes. Downregulated tumor-suppressive lncRNAs and upregulated oncogenic lncRNAs (onco-lncRNAs) have been implicated in gastric cancer (GC) development. These dysregulations have been associated with decreased chemosensitivity, inhibited apoptosis, and increased tumor migration in GC. Besides, growing evidence indicates that lncRNAs can be a valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, and their expression levels are substantially associated with the clinicopathological features of affected patients. The current study aims to review the recent findings of the tumor-suppressive lncRNAs and onco-lncRNAs in GC development and highlight their therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic values in treating GC cells. Besides, it intends to highlight the future direction of lncRNAs in treating GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemeh Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Narges Dastmalchi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan, Kurdistan Region. Iraq
| | | | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz. Iran
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Moderate Prognostic Value of lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 in Gastric Cancer with Helicobacter pylori Infection. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 53:687-691. [PMID: 34478035 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequent tumors worldwide and identification of a sensitive and specific prognostic biomarker is of great importance. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in tumorigenesis of various malignancies. In the present study, we investigated lncRNA FOXD2-AS1 expression in gastric tumors and assessed its potential as a prognostic biomarker. METHODS A total of 95 tumor and corresponding adjacent non-tumor tissue specimens were collected from patients with GC from Imam Reza hospital, Tabriz, Iran. Total RNA was isolated and FOXD2-AS1 expression was measured using quantitative reverse transcriptase (qRT)-PCR. RESULTS FOXD2-AS1 was significantly upregulated in tumor samples as compared to non-tumor tissues (P < 0.0001). In addition, higher expression of FOXD2-AS1 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and Helicobacter pylori infection. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that FOXD2-AS1 might be served as a potential prognostic biomarker for GC. CONCLUSION FOXD2-AS1 is upregulated in gastric tumors and can be used as a valuable biomarker in the prognosis of patients with GC.
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Research updates on the clinical implication of long noncoding RNA in digestive system cancers and chemoresistance. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:423. [PMID: 34603923 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02971-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in various biological processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. They are also key players in various biological pathways. LncRNA was considered as 'translational noise' before 1980s. It has been reported that lncRNAs are aberrantly expressed in different cancers, either as oncogene or tumor suppressor gene. Therefore, more and more lncRNAs are recognized as potential diagnostic biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets. As competitive endogenous RNA, lncRNAs can interact with microRNA to alter the expression of target genes, which may have extensive clinical implications in cancers, including diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and chemoresistance. This review comprehensively summarizes the functions and clinical relevance of lncRNAs in digestive system cancers, especially as a potential tool to overcome chemoresistance.
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12
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Huang SF, Peng XF, Jiang L, Hu CY, Ye WC. LncRNAs as Therapeutic Targets and Potential Biomarkers for Lipid-Related Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:729745. [PMID: 34421622 PMCID: PMC8371450 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.729745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is an essential biological process involved in nutrient adjustment, hormone regulation, and lipid homeostasis. An irregular lifestyle and long-term nutrient overload can cause lipid-related diseases, including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction (MI), obesity, and fatty liver diseases. Thus, novel tools for efficient diagnosis and treatment of dysfunctional lipid metabolism are urgently required. Furthermore, it is known that lncRNAs based regulation like sponging microRNAs (miRNAs) or serving as a reservoir for microRNAs play an essential role in the progression of lipid-related diseases. Accordingly, a better understanding of the regulatory roles of lncRNAs in lipid-related diseases would provide the basis for identifying potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for lipid-related diseases. This review highlighted the latest advances on the potential biomarkers of lncRNAs in lipid-related diseases and summarised current knowledge on dysregulated lncRNAs and their potential molecular mechanisms. We have also provided novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs which might serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for lipid-related diseases. The information presented here may be useful for designing future studies and advancing investigations of lncRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of lipid-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Feng Huang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Peng
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Lianggui Jiang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Ching Yuan Hu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Wen-Chu Ye
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
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Wu J, Xu S, Li W, Lu Y, Zhou Y, Xie M, Luo Y, Cao Y, He Y, Zeng T, Ling H. lncRNAs as Hallmarks for Individualized Treatment of Gastric Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1440-1457. [PMID: 34229588 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210706113102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is global cancer with a high mortality rate. A growing number of studies have found the abnormal expression of lncRNA (long noncoding RNA) in many tumors, which plays a role in promoting or inhibiting cancer. Similarly, lncRNA abnormal expression plays an essential biological function in gastric cancer. This article focuses on lncRNA involvement in the development of gastric cancer in terms of cell cycle disorder, apoptosis inhibition, metabolic remodeling, promotion of tumor inflammation, immune escape, induction of angiogenesis, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). The involvement of lncRNA in the development of gastric cancer is related to drug resistance, such as cisplatin and multi-drug resistance. It can also be used as a potential marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer and a target for the treatment. With an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of lncRNA in gastric cancer, new ideas for personalized treatment of gastric cancer are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology (University of South China),College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology (University of South China),College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology (University of South China),College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yuru Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology (University of South China),College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, China
| | - Ming Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology (University of South China),College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yichen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology (University of South China),College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yijing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology (University of South China),College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yan He
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology (University of South China),College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Tiebing Zeng
- Hunan Province Cooperative innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study [Hunan Provincial Education Department document (Approval number: 2014-405], Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Hui Ling
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology (University of South China),College of Hunan Province, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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14
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Li Y, Lu L, Wu X, Li Q, Zhao Y, Du F, Chen Y, Shen J, Xiao Z, Wu Z, Hu W, Cho CH, Li M. The Multifaceted Role of Long Non-Coding RNA in Gastric Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2737-2755. [PMID: 34345204 PMCID: PMC8326121 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.61410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the major public health concerns. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been increasingly demonstrated to possess a strong correlation with GC and play a critical role in GC occurrence, progression, metastasis and drug resistance. Many studies have shed light on the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs in GC. In this review, we summarized the updated research about lncRNAs in GC, focusing on their roles in Helicobacter pylori infection, GC metastasis, tumor microenvironment regulation, drug resistance and associated signaling pathways. LncRNAs may serve as novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of GC and potential therapeutic targets. The research gaps and future directions were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Lu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianxiu Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhigui Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
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15
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Cao F, Hu Y, Chen Z, Han W, Lu W, Xu J, Ding H, Shen X. Circulating long noncoding RNAs as potential biomarkers for stomach cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:89. [PMID: 33771184 PMCID: PMC8004465 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent researches have suggested that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is involved in the tumorigenesis and development of stomach cancer (SC). This meta-analysis aimed to identify the diagnostic performance of circulating lncRNAs in SC. Methods All relevant studies were systematically searched through PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases. The diagnostic values of lncRNAs were mainly assessed by pooled sensitivity, specificity, and summary receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (SROC AUC). Meta-DiSc 1.4, Review Manager 5.3, and STATA 12.0 were used for statistical analysis. The protocol for this systematic review was registered on INPLASY (INPLASY202120079) and is available in full on the inplasy.com (10.37766/inplasy2021.2.0079). Results A total of 42 eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and SROC AUC were 0.78 (95%CI 0.75–0.81), 0.75 (95%CI 0.71–0.78), and 0.83 (95%CI 0.80–0.86), respectively, suggesting that the lncRNAs test had a high accuracy for the diagnosis of SC. Obvious heterogeneity might come from the type of lncRNA through subgroup and meta-regression analysis. Fagan diagram shows the clinical value of lncRNAs test in SC. Conclusions Abnormal expression of circulating lncRNAs exhibits a high efficacy for diagnosing SC, which is promising in clinical application. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12957-021-02194-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cao
- Department of General surgery, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongwei Hu
- Department of General surgery, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zaichang Chen
- Department of General surgery, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of General surgery, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijie Lu
- Department of General surgery, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhao Xu
- Department of Pathology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Houzhong Ding
- Department of General surgery, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaojun Shen
- Department of General surgery, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China.
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16
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Calanzani N, Druce PE, Snudden C, Milley KM, Boscott R, Behiyat D, Saji S, Martinez-Gutierrez J, Oberoi J, Funston G, Messenger M, Emery J, Walter FM. Identifying Novel Biomarkers Ready for Evaluation in Low-Prevalence Populations for the Early Detection of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Systematic Review. Adv Ther 2021; 38:793-834. [PMID: 33306189 PMCID: PMC7889689 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-020-01571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Detecting upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers in primary care is challenging, as cancer symptoms are common, often non-specific, and most patients presenting with these symptoms will not have cancer. Substantial investment has been made to develop biomarkers for cancer detection, but few have reached routine clinical practice. We aimed to identify novel biomarkers for upper GI cancers which have been sufficiently validated to be ready for evaluation in low-prevalence populations. Methods We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, and Web of Science for studies published in English from January 2000 to October 2019 (PROSPERO registration CRD42020165005). Reference lists of included studies were assessed. Studies had to report on second measures of diagnostic performance (beyond discovery phase) for biomarkers (single or in panels) used to detect pancreatic, oesophageal, gastric, and biliary tract cancers. We included all designs and excluded studies with less than 50 cases/controls. Data were extracted on types of biomarkers, populations and outcomes. Heterogeneity prevented pooling of outcomes. Results We identified 149 eligible studies, involving 22,264 cancer cases and 49,474 controls. A total of 431 biomarkers were identified (183 microRNAs and other RNAs, 79 autoantibodies and other immunological markers, 119 other proteins, 36 metabolic markers, 6 circulating tumour DNA and 8 other). Over half (n = 231) were reported in pancreatic cancer studies. Only 35 biomarkers had been investigated in at least two studies, with reported outcomes for that individual marker for the same tumour type. Apolipoproteins (apoAII-AT and apoAII-ATQ), and pepsinogens (PGI and PGII) were the most promising biomarkers for pancreatic and gastric cancer, respectively. Conclusion Most novel biomarkers for the early detection of upper GI cancers are still at an early stage of matureness. Further evidence is needed on biomarker performance in low-prevalence populations, in addition to implementation and health economic studies, before extensive adoption into clinical practice can be recommended. Electronic Supplementary Material The online version of this article (10.1007/s12325-020-01571-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Calanzani
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Paige E Druce
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claudia Snudden
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kristi M Milley
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Boscott
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dawnya Behiyat
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Smiji Saji
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Javiera Martinez-Gutierrez
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jasmeen Oberoi
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Garth Funston
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mike Messenger
- Leeds Centre for Personalised Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jon Emery
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona M Walter
- The Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Research and Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Yang X, Li J, Wang Y, Li P, Zhao Y, Duan W, Ariston Gabriel AN, Chen Y, Mao H, Wang Y, Du L, Wang C. Individualized Prediction of Survival by a 10-Long Non-coding RNA-Based Prognostic Model for Patients With Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:515421. [PMID: 33194577 PMCID: PMC7604500 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.515421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulations of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in the progression of breast cancer (BC). However, the prognostic values of those lncRNAs in BC remain elusive. This study aimed at constructing a lncRNA-based prognostic model to improve the clinical management of BC. Systematic investigation of lncRNA expression profiles and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were utilized to establish a 10-lncRNA signature. The prognostic signature efficiently discriminated patients with significantly different prognosis regardless of intrinsic molecular subtypes and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage. A combined model was constructed by multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression (CPHR) analysis, which combined the lncRNA-based signature with certain clinical risk factors (TNM stage, age, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status). This model predicted a survival probability that closely corresponds to the actual survival probability. With respect to the entire set, the time-dependent receiver-operating characteristic curves revealed that the area under the curve of this model was the highest than any of the clinical risk factors. Moreover, functional enrichment analysis indicated that the molecular signature was mainly involved in DNA replication, which was firmly related to BC tumorigenesis. Consistent with the discovery, the knockdown of LHX1-DT, one of the 10 prognostic lncRNAs, attenuated the proliferation of BC cells in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our study constructed a novel 10-lncRNA signature for prediction prognosis, and the signature-based model could provide new insight into accurate management of BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peilong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yinghui Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weili Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Yingjie Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haiting Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Tumor Marker Detection Engineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Tumor Marker Detection Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.,The Clinical Research Center of Shandong Province for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, China
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18
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Abdi E, Latifi-Navid S, Abdi F, Taherian-Esfahani Z. Emerging circulating MiRNAs and LncRNAs in upper gastrointestinal cancers. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 20:1121-1138. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1842199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esmat Abdi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Saeid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abdi
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran
| | - Zahra Taherian-Esfahani
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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19
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Yang J, Xu QC, Wang ZY, Lu X, Pan LK, Wu J, Wang C. Integrated Analysis of an lncRNA-Associated ceRNA Network Reveals Potential Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Comput Biol 2020; 28:330-344. [PMID: 33185458 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2019.0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor worldwide. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential biomarkers and key regulatory pathways related to HCC using integrated bioinformatic analysis and validation. The microarray data of GSE12717 and GSE54238 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. A competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed based on potential long-noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA interactions. A total of 191 mRNAs, 8 miRNAs, and 5 lncRNAs were selected to construct the ceRNA network. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were used to predict their biological functions. The PI3K-Akt signaling pathway was significantly enriched. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis based on the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database was conducted for the weighted mRNAs and lncRNAs. The results showed that SRC, GMPS, CDK2, FEN1, EZH2, ZWINT, MTHFD1L, GINS2, and MAPKAPK5-AS1 were significantly upregulated in tumor tissues. The relative expression levels of these genes were significantly upregulated in HCC patients based on the StarBase database. For further validation, the expression levels of these genes were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in 20 HCC tumor tissues and paired paracancerous tissues. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that CDK2, MTHFD1L, SRC, ZWINT, and MAPKAPK5-AS1 had significant diagnostic value in HCC, but further studies are needed to explore their mechanisms in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - Qing-Chun Xu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - Xun Lu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - Liu-Kui Pan
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
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20
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Tan H, Zhang S, Zhang J, Zhu L, Chen Y, Yang H, Chen Y, An Y, Liu B. Long non-coding RNAs in gastric cancer: New emerging biological functions and therapeutic implications. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:8880-8902. [PMID: 32754285 PMCID: PMC7392009 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is currently the fourth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), transcriptional products with more than 200 nucleotides, are not as well-characterized as protein-coding RNAs. Accumulating evidence has recently revealed that maladjustments of diverse lncRNAs may play key roles in multiple genetic and epigenetic phenomena in GC, affecting all aspects of cellular homeostasis, such as proliferation, migration, and stemness. However, the full extent of their functionality remains to be clarified. Considering the lack of viable biomarkers and therapeutic targets, future research should be focused on unravelling the intricate relationships between lncRNAs and GC that can be translated from bench to clinic. Here, we summarized the state-of-the-art advances in lncRNAs and their biological functions in GC, and we further discuss their potential diagnostic and therapeutic roles. We aim to shed light on the interrelationships between lncRNAs and GC with respect to their potential therapeutic applications. With better understanding of these relationships, the biological functions of lncRNAs in GC development will be exploitable, and promising new strategies developed for the prevention and treatment of GC.
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21
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Shi W, Gao Z, Song J, Wang W. Silence of FOXD2-AS1 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of esophagus cells by regulating miR-145-5p/CDK6 axis. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:1013-1021. [PMID: 32524576 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the function of long non-coding RNA FOXD2 adjacent opposite strand RNA 1 (lncRNA FOXD2-AS1) during the progression of esophagus cancer (EC) and explore its underlying molecular mechanisms. The level of FOXD2-AS1 in EC tissues and paracancerous tissues was detected by using RT-qPCR; ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of FOXD2-AS1 for EC. In addition, CCK8 assay and immunofluorescence staining assay were used to detect the proliferation of Eca-109 and TE-1 cells. To investigate the function of FOXD2-AS1 on cell apoptosis and cell cycle, flow cytometry was performed. To detect the invasion ability of EC cells, transwell invasion assay was performed. Starbase3.0 and Targetscan were used to predict the target genes of FOXD2-AS1 and miR-145-5p, and protein expressions were detected with western blot. We found FOXD2-AS1 was significantly upregulated in EC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, which was positively correlated with clinicopathological parameters of patients with EC. Downregulation of FOXD2-AS1 inhibited the proliferation and invasion by inducing apoptosis of EC cells. Moreover, FOXD2-AS1 may regulate the expression of CDK6 by targeting miR-145-3p. Meanwhile, silencing of FOXD2-AS1 caused G1 phase arrest of EC cells by reducing the expression of CDK6. In conclusion, silening FOXD2-AS1 significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of EC cells by regulating the miR-145-5p/CDK6 axis. Therefore, FOXD2-AS1 might be used as diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woda Shi
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengya Gao
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxiang Song
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wencai Wang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China.
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22
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Yuan L, Xu ZY, Ruan SM, Mo S, Qin JJ, Cheng XD. Long non-coding RNAs towards precision medicine in gastric cancer: early diagnosis, treatment, and drug resistance. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:96. [PMID: 32460771 PMCID: PMC7251695 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a deadly disease and remains the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The 5-year overall survival rate of patients with early-stage localized gastric cancer is more than 60%, whereas that of patients with distant metastasis is less than 5%. Surgical resection is the best option for early-stage gastric cancer, while chemotherapy is mainly used in the middle and advanced stages of this disease, despite the frequently reported treatment failure due to chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, there is an unmet medical need for identifying new biomarkers for the early diagnosis and proper management of patients, to achieve the best response to treatment. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in body fluids have attracted widespread attention as biomarkers for early screening, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and responses to drugs due to the high specificity and sensitivity. In the present review, we focus on the clinical potential of lncRNAs as biomarkers in liquid biopsies in the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer. We also comprehensively discuss the roles of lncRNAs and their molecular mechanisms in gastric cancer chemoresistance as well as their potential as therapeutic targets for gastric cancer precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Xu
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Banshan Road 1#, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310022 China
| | - Shan-Ming Ruan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Shaowei Mo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Banshan Road 1#, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310022 China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053 China
| | - Xiang-Dong Cheng
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Banshan Road 1#, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, 310022 China
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23
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Pardini B, Sabo AA, Birolo G, Calin GA. Noncoding RNAs in Extracellular Fluids as Cancer Biomarkers: The New Frontier of Liquid Biopsies. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1170. [PMID: 31416190 PMCID: PMC6721601 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The last two decades of cancer research have been devoted in two directions: (1) understanding the mechanism of carcinogenesis for an effective treatment, and (2) improving cancer prevention and screening for early detection of the disease. This last aspect has been developed, especially for certain types of cancers, thanks also to the introduction of new concepts such as liquid biopsies and precision medicine. In this context, there is a growing interest in the application of alternative and noninvasive methodologies to search for cancer biomarkers. The new frontiers of the research lead to a search for RNA molecules circulating in body fluids. Searching for biomarkers in extracellular body fluids represents a better option for patients because they are easier to access, less painful, and potentially more economical. Moreover, the possibility for these types of samples to be taken repeatedly, allows a better monitoring of the disease progression or treatment efficacy for a better intervention and dynamic treatment of the patient, which is the fundamental basis of personalized medicine. RNA molecules, freely circulating in body fluids or packed in microvesicles, have all the characteristics of the ideal biomarkers owing to their high stability under storage and handling conditions and being able to be sampled several times for monitoring. Moreover, as demonstrated for many cancers, their plasma/serum levels mirror those in the primary tumor. There are a large variety of RNA species noncoding for proteins that could be used as cancer biomarkers in liquid biopsies. Among them, the most studied are microRNAs, but recently the attention of the researcher has been also directed towards Piwi-interacting RNAs, circular RNAs, and other small noncoding RNAs. Another class of RNA species, the long noncoding RNAs, is larger than microRNAs and represents a very versatile and promising group of molecules which, apart from their use as biomarkers, have also a possible therapeutic role. In this review, we will give an overview of the most common noncoding RNA species detectable in extracellular fluids and will provide an update concerning the situation of the research on these molecules as cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pardini
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy.
- Unit of Molecular Epidemiology and Exposome, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Alexandru Anton Sabo
- Department of Pediatrics, Marie Curie Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 077120 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Giovanni Birolo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Unit of Molecular Epidemiology and Exposome, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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