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The Journey of Mitochondrial Protein Import and the Roadmap to Follow. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032479. [PMID: 36768800 PMCID: PMC9916854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are double membrane-bound organelles that play critical functions in cells including metabolism, energy production, regulation of intrinsic apoptosis, and maintenance of calcium homeostasis. Mitochondria are fascinatingly equipped with their own genome and machinery for transcribing and translating 13 essential proteins of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS). The rest of the proteins (99%) that function in mitochondria in the various pathways described above are nuclear-transcribed and synthesized as precursors in the cytosol. These proteins are imported into the mitochondria by the unique mitochondrial protein import system that consists of seven machineries. Proper functioning of the mitochondrial protein import system is crucial for optimal mitochondrial deliverables, as well as mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis. Impaired mitochondrial protein import leads to proteotoxic stress in both mitochondria and cytosol, inducing mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). Altered UPRmt is associated with the development of various disease conditions including neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, as well as cancer. This review sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the import of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins, the consequences of defective mitochondrial protein import, and the pathological conditions that arise due to altered UPRmt.
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Jayathirtha M, Neagu AN, Whitham D, Alwine S, Darie CC. Investigation of the effects of downregulation of jumping translocation breakpoint (JTB) protein expression in MCF7 cells for potential use as a biomarker in breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4373-4398. [PMID: 36225631 PMCID: PMC9548009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
MCF7 is a commonly used luminal type A non-invasive/poor-invasive human breast cancer cell line that does not usually migrate or invade compared with MDA-MB-231 highly metastatic cells, which emphasize an invasive and migratory behavior. Under special conditions, MCF7 cells might acquire invasive features. The aberration in expression and biological functions of the jumping translocation breackpoint (JTB) protein is associated with malignant transformation of cells, based on mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibition of tumor suppressive function of TGF-β, and involvement in cancer cell cycle. To investigate new putative functions of JTB by cellular proteomics, we analyzed the biological processes and pathways that are associated with the JTB protein downregulation. The results demonstrated that MCF7 cell line developed a more "aggressive" phenotype and behavior. Most of the proteins that were overexpressed in this experiment promoted the actin cytoskeleton reorganization that is involved in growth and metastatic dissemination of cancer cells. Some of these proteins are involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process (ACTBL2, TUBA4A, MYH14, CSPG5, PKM, UGDH, HSP90AA2, and MIF), in correlation with the energy metabolism reprogramming (PKM, UGDH), stress-response (HSP10, HSP70A1A, HSP90AA2), and immune and inflammatory response (MIF and ERp57-TAPBP). Almost all upregulated proteins in JTB downregulated condition promote viability, motility, proliferation, invasion, survival into a hostile microenvironment, metabolic reprogramming, and escaping of tumor cells from host immune control, leading to a more invasive phenotype for MCF7 cell line. Due to their downregulated condition, four proteins, such as CREBZF, KMT2B, SELENOS and CACNA1I are also involved in maintenance of the invasive phenotype of cancer cells, promoting cell proliferation, migration, invasion and tumorigenesis. Other downregulated proteins, such as MAZ, PLEKHG2, ENO1, TPI2, TOR2A, and CNNM1, may promote suppression of cancer cell growth, invasion, EMT, tumorigenic abilities, interacting with glucose and lipid metabolism, disrupting nuclear envelope stability, or suppressing apoptosis and developing anti-angiogenetic activities. Therefore, the main biological processes and pathways that may increase the tumorigenic potential of the MCF7 cells in JTB downregulated condition are related to the actin cytoskeleton organization, EMT, mitotic cell cycle, glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism, inflammatory response and macrophage activation, chemotaxis and migration, cellular response to stress condition (oxidative stress and hypoxia), transcription control, histone modification and ion transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Jayathirtha
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Anca-Narcisa Neagu
- Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of IasiCarol I bvd. No. 22, Iasi 700505, Romania
| | - Danielle Whitham
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Shelby Alwine
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Costel C Darie
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
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Inigo JR, Chandra D. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR mt): shielding against toxicity to mitochondria in cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:98. [PMID: 35864539 PMCID: PMC9306209 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for tumor growth and progression. However, the heavy demand for mitochondrial activity in cancer leads to increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), accumulation of mutations in mitochondrial DNA, and development of mitochondrial dysfunction. If left unchecked, excessive mtROS can damage and unfold proteins in the mitochondria to an extent that becomes lethal to the tumor. Cellular systems have evolved to combat mtROS and alleviate mitochondrial stress through a quality control mechanism called the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). The UPRmt system is composed of chaperones and proteases, which promote protein folding or eliminate mitochondrial proteins damaged by mtROS, respectively. UPRmt is conserved and activated in cancer in response to mitochondrial stress to maintain mitochondrial integrity and support tumor growth. In this review, we discuss how mitochondria become dysfunctional in cancer and highlight the tumor-promoting functions of key components of the UPRmt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Inigo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Dhyan Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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Sitnikov DS, Pronkin AA, Ilina IV, Revkova VA, Konoplyannikov MA, Kalsin VA, Baklaushev VP. Numerical modelling and experimental verification of thermal effects in living cells exposed to high-power pulses of THz radiation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17916. [PMID: 34504144 PMCID: PMC8429778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of cells or biological tissues to high-power pulses of terahertz (THz) radiation leads to changes in a variety of intracellular processes. However, the role of heating effects due to strong absorption of THz radiation by water molecules still stays unclear. In this study, we performed numerical modelling in order to estimate the thermal impact on water of a single THz pulse as well as a series of THz pulses. A finite-element (FE) model that provides numerical solutions for the heat conduction equation is employed to compute the temperature increase. A simple expression for temperature estimation in the center of the spot of THz radiation is presented for given frequency and fluence of the THz pulse. It has been demonstrated that thermal effect is determined by either the average power of radiation or by the fluence of a single THz pulse depending on pulse repetition rate. Human dermal fibroblasts have been exposed to THz pulses (with an energy of [Formula: see text] and repetition rate of 100 Hz) to estimate the thermal effect. Analysis of heat shock proteins expression has demonstrated no statistically significant difference ([Formula: see text]) between control and experimental groups after 3 h of irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Sitnikov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya 13 Bldg. 2, Moscow, Russia, 125412.
| | - A A Pronkin
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya 13 Bldg. 2, Moscow, Russia, 125412
| | - I V Ilina
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya 13 Bldg. 2, Moscow, Russia, 125412
| | - V A Revkova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Orekhovy Boulevard 28, Moscow, Russia, 115682
| | - M A Konoplyannikov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Orekhovy Boulevard 28, Moscow, Russia, 115682
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str. 8-2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - V A Kalsin
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Orekhovy Boulevard 28, Moscow, Russia, 115682
| | - V P Baklaushev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Orekhovy Boulevard 28, Moscow, Russia, 115682
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Ngernsombat C, Prattapong P, Larbcharoensub N, Khotthong K, Janvilisri T. WNT8B as an Independent Prognostic Marker for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:2529-2539. [PMID: 34287269 PMCID: PMC8293245 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28040230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of the Wnt signaling pathway have been shown to play a role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) progression. AIM The purpose of this study was to investigate WNT8B protein expression in NPC patients using tissue microarray (TMA) analysis and to evaluate its correlation with patient survival and clinical parameters. METHODS A total of 82 NPC cases, together with six normal nasopharyngeal tissue samples, were targeted to construct the TMA blocks. The WNT8B protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and its correlation to the clinicopathological features was investigated. RESULTS Sixty-two of 82 (75.6%) cases exhibited high WNT8B protein expression while 20/82 (24.4%) cases appeared to have low WNT8B expression. The univariate analysis revealed that systemic metastasis was associated with patient 5-year survival. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that WNT8B expression and systemic metastasis were significantly associated with the survival of NPC patients. Furthermore, there was no correlation found between the WNT8B protein expression and other clinicopathological parameters. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the expression of WNT8B is associated with NPC patients' survival and could serve as an independent prognostic factor for NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chawalit Ngernsombat
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (C.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Pongphol Prattapong
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (C.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Noppadol Larbcharoensub
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | | | - Tavan Janvilisri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Huang X, Liang C, Yang H, Li X, Deng X, Liang X, Li L, Huang Z, Lu D, Ma Y, Luo Z. Curcumin induces apoptosis and inhibits the growth of adrenocortical carcinoma: Identification of potential candidate genes and pathways by transcriptome analysis. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:476. [PMID: 33907586 PMCID: PMC8063251 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an endocrine tumour with high malignancy, high invasiveness and poor prognosis. Curcumin, a major component in turmeric, has been reported to have good efficacy and biological safety in treating cancer. However, the role and mechanism of curcumin in ACC have not yet been fully investigated and were thus the focus of this study. In vitro, ACC SW-13 and NCI-H295R cells were treated with curcumin and their viability, migration and invasion were assessed by CCK-8 and Transwell assays. Apoptosis was detected via flow cytometry and western blotting. High-throughput sequencing and comprehensive bioinformatics analyses were performed to elucidate the molecular processes underlying curcumin activity. In vivo, SW-13 cells were injected into nude mice, and the tumour volumes and weights were observed after 2 weeks of curcumin treatment. Organelle changes were observed by electron microscopy, and potential candidate genes and pathways were analysed by RT-qPCR and western blotting. The role of the CHOP target gene in curcumin-induced ACC cell apoptosis was verified via lentiviral transfection experiments. Curcumin inhibited the viability, migration and invasion, and induced the apoptosis of ACC cells. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that curcumin treatment markedly changed the gene expression levels. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses showed that the MAPK and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways were the predominant pathways associated with curcumin-induced apoptosis of ACC cells. Subsequent in vivo and in vitro results demonstrated that the JNK, p38 MAPK and ER stress pathways were activated in curcumin-treated ACC cells, and that C/EBP homologous protein induction was responsible for curcumin-induced apoptosis of ACC cells. In summary, curcumin induced ACC cell apoptosis and inhibited tumour growth by activating the JNK, p38 MAPK and ER stress pathways. Thus, curcumin may be a potential therapeutic drug for ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530022, P.R. China
| | - Chunfeng Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiujun Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xinghuan Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxing Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Decheng Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zuojie Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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Tang Y, Yang Y, Luo J, Liu S, Zhan Y, Zang H, Zheng H, Zhang Y, Feng J, Fan S, Wen Q. Overexpression of HSP10 correlates with HSP60 and Mcl-1 levels and predicts poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Cancer Biomark 2021; 30:85-94. [PMID: 32986659 PMCID: PMC7990427 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-200410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HSP60 and its partner HSP10 are members of heat shock proteins (HSPs) family, which help mitochondrial protein to fold correctly. Mcl-1, a member of the Bcl-2 family, plays a crucial role in regulation of cell apoptosis. Aberrant expression of HSP10, HSP60 and Mcl-1 is involved in the development of many tumors. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between expression of HSP10, HSP60 and Mcl-1 and clinicopathological features of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Tissue microarrays including 53 non-cancerous lung tissues (Non-CLT) and 354 surgically resected NSCLC were stained with anti-HSP10, anti-HSP60 and anti-Mcl-1 antibodies respectively by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Higher expression of HSP10, HSP60 and Mcl-1 was found in NSCLC compared with Non-CLT. Both individual and combined HSP10 and HSP60 expression in patients with clinical stage III was higher than that in stage I ∼ II. Expression of HSP10 showed a positive correlation with HSP60 and Mcl-1. Overall survival time of NSCLC patients was remarkably shorter with elevated expression of HSP10, HSP60 and Mcl-1 alone and in combination. Moreover overexpression of HSP10 and Mcl-1 was poor independent prognostic factor for lung adenocarcinoma patients. CONCLUSIONS High expression of HSP10, HSP60 and Mcl-1 might act as novel biomarker of poor prognosis for NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiuyuan Wen
- Corresponding author: Qiuyuan Wen, Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China. E-mail:
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Heat Shock Protein 90α Provides an Effective and Novel Diagnosis Strategy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Adv Ther 2021; 38:413-422. [PMID: 33141414 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-020-01518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated tumor occurring in southeastern Asia. Due to insidious onset, it is difficult to diagnose NPC from clinical symptoms. Thus, there is an urgent need for non-invasive, high-performance biomarkers to aid the clinical diagnosis of NPC. Heat shock protein 90α (HSP90α) is an important member of the heat shock protein family that significantly increases under stress conditions such as oxidation and tumors. This is the first investigation of the role of Hsp90α in the diagnosis and progress of NPC. METHODS Plasma Hsp90α was detected by ELISA in 196 newly diagnosed NPC patients, 76 corresponding post-treatment NPC patients, 230 VCA-IgA-positive normal subjects and 106 healthy controls. RESULTS (1) The level of Hsp90α in plasma of 196 NPC patients was (212.16 ± 144.32) ng/ml, which was significantly higher than that in VCA-IgA-positive normal subjects (68.12 ± 64.94 ng/ml, P < 0.001) and healthy controls (35.87 ± 17.47 ng/ml, P < 0.001); (2) the levels of Hsp90α in patients with NPC in the early stage (I + II), stage III and stage IV were significantly different (159.69 ± 117.12 pg/ml vs. 195.24 ± 126.38 pg/ml vs. 250.85 ± 164.66 pg/ml, P = 0.018 and P = 0.029, respectively). The level of Hsp90α in plasma in patients with metastasis of NPC and those without metastasis was significantly different (P < 0.001); (3) Hsp90α is closely related to EBV DNA levels, but not to the VCA-IgA titer and EA-IgA titer; (4) the levels of Hsp90α in plasma of patients with NPC before and after treatment were significantly different (212.16 ± 144.32 pg/ml vs. 62.36 ± 34.04 pg/ml, P < 0.001); (5) the ROC curves demonstrated that the sensitivity of plasma Hsp90α in distinguishing NPC patients from healthy controls was 74.50% and the specificity was 99.10% (AUC = 0.931, 95% CI 0.903-0.958). CONCLUSION The study found that the plasma HSP90α level is closely related to the clinical stage, metastasis and therapeutic effect of NPC. HSP90α may serve as a new biomarker for diagnosis and treatment of NPC.
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Fahim HH, Mohamed G, Safwat G, Abo-Bakr A, Ibraheem MH, Al-Mofty S, Kamel MM, Abdel-Moneim AS, Gameel AM. HSP70 as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker in Egyptian Women With Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2020; 21:e177-e188. [PMID: 33323333 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a significant cellular stress response protein that has intrinsic and extrinsic pathways to protect cells against apoptosis. It is one of the most induced proteins in cancer cells. The aim of the present study is to investigate the significant role of the HSP70 expression in Egyptian patients with breast cancer (BC) and its potential to be as a diagnostic and prognostic marker. MATERIALS AND METHODS HSP70 was examined in 155 cases in this prospective study; patients were subdivided into 3 groups: 60 patients with malignant metastatic disease, 60 patients with malignant non-metastatic disease, and 35 patients with benign lesions as control. HSP70 expression was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS Most cases of breast cancer expressed HSP70 in both serum (98.3%) and tumor tissue (90%). A strong positive correlation was found between HSP70 IHC and ELISA (r = 0.811). The mean HSP70 levels, as detected in both patients' serum by ELISA and tumor tissue by IHC, was significantly higher in patients with BC than in benign cases (P = .001). HSP70 was significantly higher in patients with metastatic BC than in those with non-metastatic BC (P = .001). HSP70 showed positive correlation with tumor size (pT stage) and number of lymph node metastases (P ≤ .001). CONCLUSION HSP70 is over-expressed in patients with metastatic and non-metastatic BC than in benign cases. A high level of HSP70 either in patient's serum or in tumor tissue correlated significantly with advanced disease in patients with BC. This present study suggests that HSP70 can serve as a BC biomarker for early screening, diagnosis, and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar H Fahim
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ghada Mohamed
- Department of Surgical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pathology, Baheya Centre for Early Detection and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gehan Safwat
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Abo-Bakr
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maher H Ibraheem
- Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Breast Surgery Department, Baheya Centre for Early Detection and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Giza, Egypt
| | - Saif Al-Mofty
- Center of Material Science Department, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Kamel
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Clinical Pathology Department, Baheya Centre for Early Detection and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed S Abdel-Moneim
- Microbiology Department, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Abdallah M Gameel
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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