LncRNA TP73-AS1 Activates TGF-β1 to Promote the Migration and Invasion of Colorectal Cancer Cell

The ncRNA-TGF-β axis: Unveiling new frontiers in colorectal cancer research

Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a substantial global challenge, necessitating a deeper understanding of the molecular underpinnings governing its onset and progression. The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) network has been a well-recognized cornerstone in advancing CRC. Nevertheless, a recent study has highlighted the growing importance of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in this context. This comprehensive review aims to present an extensive examination of the interaction between ncRNAs and TGF-signaling. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), encompassing circular RNAs (circRNAs), long-ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs), have surfaced as pivotal modulators governing various aspects of TGF-β signaling. MiRNAs have been discovered to target elements within the TGF-β signaling, either enhancing or inhibiting signaling, depending on the context. LncRNAs have been associated with CRC progression, functioning as miRNA sponges or directly influencing TGF-β pathway elements. Even circRNAs, a relatively recent addition to the ncRNA family, have impacted CRC, affecting TGF-β signaling through diverse mechanisms. This review encompasses recent progress in comprehending specific ncRNAs involved in TGF-β signaling, their functional roles, and their clinical relevance in CRC. We investigate the possibility of ncRNAs as targets for detection, prognosis, and therapy. Additionally, we explore the interaction of TGF-β and other pathways in CRC and the role of ncRNAs within this intricate network. As we unveil the intricate regulatory function of ncRNAs in the TGF-β signaling in CRC, we gain valuable insights into the disease's pathogenesis. Incorporating these discoveries into clinical settings holds promise for more precise diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapeutic approaches, ultimately enhancing the care of CRC patients. This comprehensive review underscores the ever-evolving landscape of ncRNA research in CRC and the potential for novel interventions in the battle against this formidable disease.

TP73-AS1 rs3737589 Polymorphism is Associated With the Clinical Stage of Colorectal Cancer

Objective

TP73-AS1 can promote the occurrence and development of a variety of tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The current study aimed to investigate the association between a potentially functional genetic polymorphism (rs3737589 T > C) on the TP73-AS1 gene and the susceptibility and clinical stage of CRC in a Chinese Han population.

Methods

The polymorphic genotyping was performed by the SNaPshot method. The real-time quantitative PCR method and the luciferase assay were used separately to explore genotype-tissue expression and the function of the genetic polymorphism.

Results

A total of 576 CRC patients and 896 healthy controls were included in the current study. The rs3737589 polymorphism was not associated with CRC susceptibility but was associated with the CRC stage (CC vs. TT: OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.12 - 0.54, P=0.0003; C vs. T: OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.53-0.89, P=0.006; and CC vs. (TC + TT): OR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.12-0.56, P=0.0004). CRC patients carrying the rs3737589 CC genotype or C allele were less likely to have stage III/IV tumors than those carrying the rs3737589 TT genotype or T allele. The expression of TP73-AS1 was lower in CRC tissues with the rs3737589 CC genotype compared to those with the TT genotype. Bioinformatics analysis and the luciferase assay revealed that the C allele could promote the binding of miR-3166 and miR-4771 to TP73-AS1.

Conclusion

The TP73-AS1 gene rs3737589 polymorphism affecting miRNAs binding is associated with the CRC stage and may serve as a biomarker for predicting CRC progression.

TGF-β Signaling in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC): From Underlying Mechanism to Potential Applications in Clinical Development

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a serious public health issue, and it has the leading incidence and mortality among malignant tumors worldwide. CRC patients with metastasis in the liver, lung or other distant sites always have poor prognosis. Thus, there is an urgent need to discover the underlying mechanisms of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and to develop optimal therapy for mCRC. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling plays a significant role in various physiologic and pathologic processes, and aberrant TGF-β signal transduction contributes to mCRC progression. In this review, we summarize the alterations of the TGF-β signaling pathway in mCRC patients, the functional mechanisms of TGF-β signaling, its promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, its facilitation of angiogenesis, its suppression of anti-tumor activity of immune cells in the microenvironment and its contribution to stemness of CRC cells. We also discuss the possible applications of TGF-β signaling in mCRC diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapies in clinical trials. Hopefully, these research advances in TGF-β signaling in mCRC will improve the development of new strategies that can be combined with molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy and traditional therapies to achieve better efficacy and benefit mCRC patients in the near future.

A Prognostic Ferroptosis-Related lncRNA Model Associated With Immune Infiltration in Colon Cancer

Colon cancer (CC) is a common malignant tumor worldwide, and ferroptosis plays a vital role in the pathology and progression of CC. Effective prognostic tools are required to guide clinical decision-making in CC. In our study, gene expression and clinical data of CC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. We identified the differentially expressed ferroptosis-related lncRNAs using the differential expression and gene co-expression analysis. Then, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify the effective ferroptosis-related lncRNAs for constructing the prognostic model for CC. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to explore the functional enrichment analysis. CIBERSORT and single-sample GSEA were performed to investigate the association between our model and the immune microenvironment. Finally, three ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (XXbac-B476C20.9, TP73-AS1, and SNHG15) were identified to construct the prognostic model. The results of the validation showed that our model was effective in predicting the prognosis of CC patients, which also was an independent prognostic factor for CC. The GSEA analysis showed that several ferroptosis-related pathways were significantly enriched in the low-risk group. Immune infiltration analysis suggested that the level of immune cell infiltration was significantly higher in the high-risk group than that in the low-risk group. In summary, we established a prognostic model based on the ferroptosis-related lncRNAs, which could provide clinical guidance for future laboratory and clinical research on CC.

TP73-AS1 as a predictor of clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in human malignancies: a meta and bioinformatics analysis

Background

Long non-coding RNA P73 antisense RNA 1 T (non-protein coding), also known as Lnc RNA TP73-AS1, is dysregulated in various tumors but the correlation between its expression and clinicopathological parameters and/or prognoses in cancer patients is inconclusive. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic value of Lnc RNA TP73-AS1 for malignancies.

Methods

We systematically searched four online databases including PubMed, the Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for eligible articles published up to June 29/2020. Odds ratios (ORs) and Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to assess the association of TP73-AS1 expression with prognostic and clinicopathological parameters. We further validated TP73-AS1 expression in various malignancies and its potential prognostic value using the GEPIA online database. We predicted potential biological processes and relevant signal mechanisms through the public databases.

Results

A total of 26 studies examining 14 cancers were analyzed to evaluate the relationship between TP73-AS1 expression, clinicopathological features and prognostic indicators. The results indicated that TP73-AS1 expression markedly correlates with TNM stage (OR = 3.27,95% CI:2.43–4.39, P < 0.00001), tumor size (OR = 3.00, 95%CI:2.08–4.35, P < 0.00001), lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.77, 95%CI:1.42–5.38,P < 0.00001) and distant metastasis (OR = 4.50,95%CI:2.

62–7.73,P < 0.00001). No correlation with age (OR = 1.12,95%CI:0.77–1.64, P > 0.05), gender (OR = 1.08, 95%CI:0.84–1.38, P > 0.05) or differentiation (OR = 1.39, 95%CI:0.71–2.70, P = 0.340) was observed. TP73-AS1 overexpression was a biomarker of poor Overall survival(OS)(HR = 1.85,95%CI:1.53–2.22, P < 0.00001) and Disease-Free-Survival (DFS) (HR = 1.57,95%CI:1.03–2.42, P < 0.05). Dysregulated TP73-AS1 expression and its prognostic value in various cancers was validated based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Further biological function predictions indicated that TP73-AS1 was involved in pro-oncogenic signaling.

Conclusions

The upregulation of Lnc RNA TP73-AS1 was related to detrimental clinicopathological parameters and can be considered an indicator of poor prognosis for cancer malignancies.

LncRNA signature in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most frequent cancers and is associated with high mortality particularly when being diagnosed in advanced stages. Although several environmental and intrinsic risk factors have been identified, the underlying cause of CRC is not clear in the majority of cases. Several studies especially in the recent decade have pointed to the role of epigenetic factors in this kind of cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as important contributors in the epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the initiation, progression and metastasis of CRC. Tens of oncogenic lncRNAs and a lower number of tumor suppressor lncRNAs have been recently identified to be dysregulated in CRC cells and tissues. Notably, expressions of a number of these transcripts have been dysregulated in serum samples of CRC patients, providing a non-invasive route for detection of this kind of cancer. The involvement of lncRNAs in the regulation of autophagy has provided them the ability to modulate response of CRC cells to chemotherapeutic modalities. In the current manuscript, we review the studies which evaluated the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis and progression of CRC to appraise their application as diagnostic/ prognostic markers.