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Maqbool M, Hussain MS, Bisht AS, Kumari A, Kamran A, Sultana A, Kumar R, Khan Y, Gupta G. Connecting the dots: LncRNAs in the KRAS pathway and cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 262:155570. [PMID: 39226802 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as important participants in several biological functions, particularly their complex interactions with the KRAS pathway, which provide insights into the significant roles lncRNAs play in cancer development. The KRAS pathway, a central signaling cascade crucial for cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation, stands out as a key therapeutic target due to its aberrant activation in many human cancers. Recent investigations have unveiled a myriad of lncRNAs, such as H19, ANRIL, and MEG3, intricately modulating the KRAS pathway, influencing both its activation and repression through various mechanisms, including epigenetic modifications, transcriptional regulation, and post-transcriptional control. These lncRNAs function as fine-tuners, delicately orchestrating the balance required for normal cellular function. Their dysregulation has been linked to the development and progression of multiple malignancies, including lung, pancreatic, and colorectal carcinomas, which frequently harbor KRAS mutations. This scrutiny delves into the functional diversity of specific lncRNAs within the KRAS pathway, elucidating their molecular mechanisms and downstream effects on cancer phenotypes. Additionally, it underscores the diagnostic and prognostic potential of these lncRNAs as indicators for cancer detection and assessment. The complex regulatory network that lncRNAs construct within the context of the KRAS pathway offers important insights for the creation of focused therapeutic approaches, opening new possibilities for precision medicine in oncology. However, challenges such as the dual roles of lncRNAs in different cancer types and the difficulty in therapeutically targeting these molecules highlight the ongoing debates and need for further research. As ongoing studies unveil the complexities of lncRNA-mediated KRAS pathway modulation, the potential for innovative cancer interventions becomes increasingly promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir Maqbool
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Md Sadique Hussain
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India.
| | - Ajay Singh Bisht
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Patel Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001, India
| | - Alka Kumari
- University institute of pharmacy, Chandigarh University, Gharaun, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Almaz Kamran
- HIMT College of Pharmacy, Plot No. 08, Knowledge Park - 1, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Ayesha Sultana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Yumna Khan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (Health Division), The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25000, Pakistan
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Research Impact & Outcome-Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Singh G, Thakur N, Kumar U. RAS: Circuitry and therapeutic targeting. Cell Signal 2023; 101:110505. [PMID: 36341985 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has affected the lives of millions worldwide and is truly regarded as a devastating disease process. Despite advanced understanding of the genomic underpinning of cancer development and progression, therapeutic challenges are still persistent. Among all the human cancers, around 33% are attributed to mutations in RAS oncogene, a crucial component of the signaling pathways. With time, our understanding of RAS circuitry has improved and now the fact that it activates several downstream effectors, depending on the type and grades of cancer has been established. The circuitry is controlled via post-transcriptional mechanisms and frequent distortions in these mechanisms lead to important metabolic as well as immunological states that favor cancer cells' growth, survival, plasticity and metastasis. Therefore, understanding RAS circuitry can help researchers/clinicians to develop novel and potent therapeutics that, in turn, can save the lives of patients suffering from RAS-mutant cancers. There are many challenges presented by resistance and the potential strategies with a particular focus on novel combinations for overcoming these, that could move beyond transitory responses in the direction of treatment. Here in this review, we will look at how understanding the circuitry of RAS can be put to use in making strategies for developing therapeutics against RAS- driven malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Biosciences (UIBT), Chandigarh University, NH-05, Ludhiana - Chandigarh State Hwy, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Neelam Thakur
- Department of Biosciences (UIBT), Chandigarh University, NH-05, Ludhiana - Chandigarh State Hwy, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab 140413, India; Department of Zoology, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Government College Campus, Paddal, Kartarpur, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175001, India.
| | - Umesh Kumar
- School of Biosciences, Institute of Management Studies Ghaziabad (University Courses Campus), Adhyatmik Nagar, NH09, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201015, India.
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Harsij A, Hussen BM, Abdullah SR, Baniahmad A, Taheri M, Sharifi G. A review on the role of long non-coding RNA prostate androgen-regulated transcript 1 (PART1) in the etiology of different disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1124615. [PMID: 36875771 PMCID: PMC9974648 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1124615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
LncRNA prostate androgen-regulated transcript 1 (PART1) is an important lncRNA in the carcinogenesis whose role has been firstly unraveled in prostate cancer. Expression of this lncRNA is activated by androgen in prostate cancer cells. In addition, this lncRNA has a role in the pathogenesis intervertebral disc degeneration, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and Parkinson's disease. Diagnostic role of PART1 has been assessed in some types of cancers. Moreover, dysregulation of PART1 expression is regarded as a prognostic factor in a variety of cancers. The current review provides a concise but comprehensive summary of the role of PART1 in different cancers and non-malignant disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Harsij
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Snur Rasool Abdullah
- Medical Laboratory Science, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Aria Baniahmad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Guive Sharifi
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Shirvani-Farsani Z, Hussen BM, Taheri M, Jalili Khoshnoud R. Emerging role of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of KRAS. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:68. [PMID: 35139853 PMCID: PMC8827276 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Kirsten ras oncogene KRAS is a member of the small GTPase superfamily participating in the RAS/MAPK pathway. A single amino acid substitution in KRAS gene has been shown to activate the encoded protein resulting in cell transformation. This oncogene is involved in the malignant transformation in several tissues. Notably, numerous non-coding RNAs have been found to interact with KRAS protein. Such interaction results in a wide array of human disorders, particularly cancers. Orilnc1, KIMAT1, SLCO4A1-AS1, LINC01420, KRAS1P, YWHAE, PART1, MALAT1, PCAT-1, lncRNA-NUTF2P3-001 and TP53TG1 are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) whose interactions with KRAS have been verified in the context of cancer. miR-143, miR-96, miR-134 and miR-126 have also been shown to interact with KRAS in different tissues. Finally, circITGA7, circ_GLG1, circFNTA and circ-MEMO1 are examples of circular RNAs (circRNAs) that interact with KRAS. In this review, we describe the interaction between KRAS and lncRNAs, miRNAs and circRNAs, particularly in the context of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Shirvani-Farsani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany. .,Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Jalili Khoshnoud
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Chen J, Meng E, Lin Y, Shen Y, Hu C, Zhou G, Yuan C. The Role of Tumor-related LncRNA PART1 in cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:4152-4159. [PMID: 34225608 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210705161955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As we all know, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) affects tumor progression, which has caused a great upsurge in recent years. It can also affect the growth, migration, and invasion of tumors. When we refer to the abnormal expression of lncRNA, we will find it associated with malignant tumors. In addition, lncRNA has been proved to be a key targeted gene for the treatment of some diseases. PART1, a member of lncRNA, has been reported as a regulator in the process of tumor occurrence and development. This study aims to reveal the biological functions, specific mechanisms, and clinical significance of PART1 in various tumor cells. METHODS Through the careful search of PUBMED, the mechanisms of the effect of PART1 on tumorigenesis and development are summarized. RESULTS On the one hand, the up-regulated expression of PART1 plays a tumor-promoting role in tumors, including lung cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer and so on. On the other hand, PART1 is down-regulated in gastric cancer, glioma and other tumors to play a tumor inhibitory role. In addition, PART1 regulates tumor growth mainly by targeting microRNA such as miR-635, directly regulating the expression of proteins such as FUS/EZH2, affecting signal pathways such as the Toll-like receptor pathway, or regulating immune cells. CONCLUSION PART1 is closely related to tumors by regulating a variety of molecular mechanisms. In addition, PART1 can be used as a clinical marker for the early diagnosis of tumors and plays an important role in tumor-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlan Chen
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Enqing Meng
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yexiang Lin
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yujie Shen
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Chengyu Hu
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
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Yang H, Zhang X, Zhu L, Yang Y, Yin X. YY1-Induced lncRNA PART1 Enhanced Resistance of Ovarian Cancer Cells to Cisplatin by Regulating miR-512-3p/CHRAC1 Axis. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:821-832. [PMID: 34030482 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is one of the major obstacles encountered in ovarian cancer (OC) therapy. Long noncoding RNA PART1 has been reported to be involved in the tumorigenesis of several types of cancers. However, the biological role of PART1 in the chemoresistance of OC is still unclear. In this study, it was found that the expression levels of PART1 and CHRAC1 were increased and miR-512-3p expression was decreased in cisplatin (DDP)-resistant OC cell lines. The depletion of PART1 enhanced the DDP sensitivity of DDP-resistant OC cells, as indicated by the inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and promotion of cell apoptosis. In the upstream mechanism exploration, we discovered that PART1 was induced by YY1 transcription factor. Moreover, it was identified that miR-512-3p was a target of PART1, and PART1 regulated the DDP resistance of OC through miR-512-3p. In addition, we screened the candidate genes of miR-512-3p., and confirmed that CHRAC1 was the downstream gene of miR-512-3p. Furthermore, the knockdown of CHRAC1 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion, and accelerated apoptosis of DDP-resistant OC cells, which was counteracted after the inhibition of miR-512-3p. Finally, we observed that PART1 regulated the expression of CHRAC1 through miR-512-3p. In conclusion, we demonstrated that YY1-induced PART1 accelerated DDP resistance of OC through miR-512-3p/CHRAC1 axis, suggesting PART1 may be a promising therapeutic target for DDP-resistant OC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Huai'an Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuegang Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, the First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Gynecology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xinming Yin
- Department of Gynecology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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