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Kanu SC, Ejezie FE, Ejezie CS, Eleazu CO. Effect of methanol extract of Plectranthus esculentus N.E.Br tuber and its fractions on indices of benign prostatic hyperplasia in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118301. [PMID: 38735419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Many ethnopharmacological properties (anti-tumor, etc.) have been credited to Plectranthus esculentus tuber but the scientific basis has not been established. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the effect of methanol extract of P. esculentus tuber (MEPET) (phase 1) and its fractions (phase 2) on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1, thirty-five male albino rats (6 weeks old) were divided into seven groups of five rats each: normal control (NC) received olive oil (subcutaneously) and water (orally); disease control (DC) received testosterone propionate (TP) (3 mg/kg) and water; test groups (1,2,3 and 4) received TP + MEPET at 100, 200, 400, 600 mg/kg respectively; positive control, received TP + finasteride (5 mg/70 kg). After 28 days, their relative prostate weights (RPW) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) were determined. Phase 2, thirty rats were divided into 6 groups of 5 rats each: NC received olive oil (subcutaneously daily) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (orally); DC received TP (3 mg/kg), and DMSO; test group 1 received TP and aqueous fraction of MEPET (400 mg/kg); test group 2 received TP and methanol fraction of MEPET (400 mg/kg); test group 3 received TP, and ethyl acetate fraction of MEPET (400 mg/kg); positive control received TP and finasteride (5 mg/70 kg). After 28 days, their erythrocyte sedimentation rates, RPW, prostate levels of PSA, DHT, inflammatory, apoptotic markers and prostate histology were determined. RESULTS Ethyl acetate fraction of MEPET modulated most of the parameters of BPH in the rats in a manner akin to finasteride as corroborated by prostate histology. CONCLUSIONS EFPET could be useful in the treatment of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shedrach C Kanu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
| | - Fidelis E Ejezie
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chioma S Ejezie
- Department of Haematology and Immunology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Chinedum O Eleazu
- Department of Biochemistry, Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
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Elbialy A, Kappala D, Desai D, Wang P, Fadiel A, Wang SJ, Makary MS, Lenobel S, Sood A, Gong M, Dason S, Shabsigh A, Clinton S, Parwani AV, Putluri N, Shvets G, Li J, Liu X. Patient-Derived Conditionally Reprogrammed Cells in Prostate Cancer Research. Cells 2024; 13:1005. [PMID: 38920635 PMCID: PMC11201841 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a leading cause of mortality among American men, with metastatic and recurrent disease posing significant therapeutic challenges due to a limited comprehension of the underlying biological processes governing disease initiation, dormancy, and progression. The conventional use of PCa cell lines has proven inadequate in elucidating the intricate molecular mechanisms driving PCa carcinogenesis, hindering the development of effective treatments. To address this gap, patient-derived primary cell cultures have been developed and play a pivotal role in unraveling the pathophysiological intricacies unique to PCa in each individual, offering valuable insights for translational research. This review explores the applications of the conditional reprogramming (CR) cell culture approach, showcasing its capability to rapidly and effectively cultivate patient-derived normal and tumor cells. The CR strategy facilitates the acquisition of stem cell properties by primary cells, precisely recapitulating the human pathophysiology of PCa. This nuanced understanding enables the identification of novel therapeutics. Specifically, our discussion encompasses the utility of CR cells in elucidating PCa initiation and progression, unraveling the molecular pathogenesis of metastatic PCa, addressing health disparities, and advancing personalized medicine. Coupled with the tumor organoid approach and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), CR cells present a promising avenue for comprehending cancer biology, exploring new treatment modalities, and advancing precision medicine in the context of PCa. These approaches have been used for two NCI initiatives (PDMR: patient-derived model repositories; HCMI: human cancer models initiatives).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Elbialy
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Computational Oncology Unit, The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, 900 E 57th Street, KCBD Bldg., STE 4144, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Deepthi Kappala
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
| | - Dhruv Desai
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
| | - Peng Wang
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
| | - Ahmed Fadiel
- Computational Oncology Unit, The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, 900 E 57th Street, KCBD Bldg., STE 4144, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shang-Jui Wang
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mina S. Makary
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Scott Lenobel
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Akshay Sood
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael Gong
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shawn Dason
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ahmad Shabsigh
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Steven Clinton
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
| | - Anil V. Parwani
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gennady Shvets
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Jenny Li
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.E.)
- Departments of Pathology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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3
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Armstrong L, Willoughby CE, McKenna DJ. The Suppression of the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Prostate Cancer through the Targeting of MYO6 Using MiR-145-5p. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4301. [PMID: 38673886 PMCID: PMC11050364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of miR-145-5p has been observed in prostate cancer where is has been suggested to play a tumor suppressor role. In other cancers, miR-145-5p acts as an inhibitor of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a key molecular process for tumor progression. However, the interaction between miR-145-5p and EMT remains to be elucidated in prostate cancer. In this paper the link between miR-145-5p and EMT in prostate cancer was investigated using a combination of in silico and in vitro analyses. miR-145-5p expression was significantly lower in prostate cancer cell lines compared to normal prostate cells. Bioinformatic analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas prostate adenocarcinoma (TCGA PRAD) data showed significant downregulation of miR-145-5p in prostate cancer, correlating with disease progression. Functional enrichment analysis significantly associated miR-145-5p and its target genes with EMT. MYO6, an EMT-associated gene, was identified and validated as a novel target of miR-145-5p in prostate cancer cells. In vitro manipulation of miR-145-5p levels significantly altered cell proliferation, clonogenicity, migration and expression of EMT-associated markers. Additional TCGA PRAD analysis suggested miR-145-5p tumor expression may be useful predictor of disease recurrence. In summary, this is the first study to report that miR-145-5p may inhibit EMT by targeting MYO6 in prostate cancer cells. The findings suggest miR-145-5p could be a useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Declan J. McKenna
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (L.A.); (C.E.W.)
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Can U, Coskun A, Canakci C, Simsek B, Karaca Y, Sabuncu K, Akca O. A new promising indicator in prostate cancer screening: Prostate-specific antigen fluctuation rate. Actas Urol Esp 2024:S2173-5786(24)00013-1. [PMID: 38369288 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether PSA fluctuation can be used to predict the risk of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 1244 patients who underwent prostate biopsy at Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital between 2013 and 2021 (848 in non-cancer; 396 in cancer). The patient's age, last two PSA values (PSA1 and PSA2) within three months before the biopsy, the duration between two PSAs (days), prostate size (g) and PSA density (PSAD) were all recorded. PSA fluctuation rate (PSAfr) was defined as the change rate between two PSA values. RESULTS PSAfr was significantly higher in the non-cancer group than in the prostate cancer group (15.2% (20.5) and 9.6% (14.4), P=.019). A Simple linear regression was used to examine the relationship between PSAfr and other factors such as age, PSA, PSAD, and prostate volume, but it was shown that these had no effect on PSA fluctuations. ROC analysis revealed a relatively low Area Under the Curve (AUC) for PSAfr (AUC, 0.584 (0.515-0.653)). However, the cut-off value of 12.35% was found to be significant, with a sensitivity of 58% and a specificity of 59% (P:.019, 95%CI). The odds ratio, adjusted for age, PSAD, and PSA2, was calculated as 0.545 (0.33-0.89) using logistic regression analysis to show the relationship between prostate cancer and PSAfr. As a result, those with high PSAfr were found to be 1.83 times less likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer than those with low fluctuations. CONCLUSION PSAfr could be used in nomograms to predict prostate cancer risk and reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Can
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Urbano de Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar, Estambul, Turkey.
| | - A Coskun
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Urbano de Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar, Estambul, Turkey
| | - C Canakci
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Urbano de Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar, Estambul, Turkey
| | - B Simsek
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Liv-Ulus, Estambul, Turkey
| | - Y Karaca
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital de Formación e Investigación, Sancaktepe, Turkey
| | - K Sabuncu
- Servicio de Urología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Medipol, Estambul, Turkey
| | - O Akca
- Servicio de Urología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Bahcesehir, Estambul, Turkey
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5
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Naqvi RA, Valverde A, Yadavalli T, Bobat FI, Capistrano KJ, Shukla D, Naqvi AR. Viral MicroRNAs in Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Pathobiology. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:649-665. [PMID: 38347772 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128286469240129100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Simplexvirus humanalpha1 (Herpes simplex virus type 1 [HSV-1]) infects millions of people globally, manifesting as vesiculo-ulcerative lesions of the oral or genital mucosa. After primary infection, the virus establishes latency in the peripheral neurons and reactivates sporadically in response to various environmental and genetic factors. A unique feature of herpesviruses is their ability to encode tiny noncoding RNAs called microRNA (miRNAs). Simplexvirus humanalpha1 encodes eighteen miRNA precursors that generate twentyseven different mature miRNA sequences. Unique Simplexvirus humanalpha1 miRNAs repertoire is expressed in lytic and latent stages and exhibits expressional disparity in various cell types and model systems, suggesting their key pathological functions. This review will focus on elucidating the mechanisms underlying the regulation of host-virus interaction by HSV-1 encoded viral miRNAs. Numerous studies have demonstrated sequence- specific targeting of both viral and host transcripts by Simplexvirus humanalpha1 miRNAs. While these noncoding RNAs predominantly target viral genes involved in viral life cycle switch, they regulate host genes involved in antiviral immunity, thereby facilitating viral evasion and lifelong viral persistence inside the host. Expression of Simplexvirus humanalpha1 miRNAs has been associated with disease progression and resolution. Systemic circulation and stability of viral miRNAs compared to viral mRNAs can be harnessed to utilize their potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers. Moreover, functional inhibition of these enigmatic molecules may allow us to devise strategies that have therapeutic significance to contain Simplexvirus humanalpha1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raza Ali Naqvi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Araceli Valverde
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Tejabhiram Yadavalli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Fatima Ismail Bobat
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Kristelle J Capistrano
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Deepak Shukla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Afsar R Naqvi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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6
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Applegate CC, Nelappana MB, Nielsen EA, Kalinowski L, Dobrucki IT, Dobrucki LW. RAGE as a Novel Biomarker for Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4889. [PMID: 37835583 PMCID: PMC10571903 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) has been implicated in driving prostate cancer (PCa) growth, aggression, and metastasis through the fueling of chronic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes and analyzes the current clinical and preclinical data to provide insight into the relationships among RAGE levels and PCa, cancer grade, and molecular effects. A multi-database search was used to identify original clinical and preclinical research articles examining RAGE expression in PCa. After screening and review, nine clinical and six preclinical articles were included. The associations of RAGE differentiating benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) or normal prostate from PCa and between tumor grades were estimated using odds ratios (ORs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI). Pooled estimates were calculated using random-effect models due to study heterogeneity. The clinical meta-analysis found that RAGE expression was highly likely to be increased in PCa when compared to BPH or normal prostate (OR: 11.3; 95% CI: 4.4-29.1) and that RAGE was overexpressed in high-grade PCa when compared to low-grade PCa (OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.8-3.4). In addition, meta-analysis estimates of preclinical studies performed by albatross plot generation found robustly positive associations among RAGE expression/activation and PCa growth and metastatic potential. This review demonstrates that RAGE expression is strongly tied to PCa progression and can serve as an effective diagnostic target to differentiate between healthy prostate, low-grade PCa, and high-grade PCa, with potential theragnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C. Applegate
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (C.C.A.)
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Michael B. Nelappana
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (C.C.A.)
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Elaine A. Nielsen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (C.C.A.)
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Division of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- BioTechMed Centre, Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Iwona T. Dobrucki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (C.C.A.)
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61853, USA
| | - Lawrence W. Dobrucki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (C.C.A.)
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Division of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61853, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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7
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Davoudi F, Moradi A, Becker TM, Lock JG, Abbey B, Fontanarosa D, Haworth A, Clements J, Ecker RC, Batra J. Genomic and Phenotypic Biomarkers for Precision Medicine Guidance in Advanced Prostate Cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2023; 24:1451-1471. [PMID: 37561382 PMCID: PMC10547634 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01121-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most diagnosed malignant neoplasm and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in men worldwide. Despite significant advances in screening and treatment of PCa, given the heterogeneity of this disease, optimal personalized therapeutic strategies remain limited. However, emerging predictive and prognostic biomarkers based on individual patient profiles in combination with computer-assisted diagnostics have the potential to guide precision medicine, where patients may benefit from therapeutic approaches optimally suited to their disease. Also, the integration of genotypic and phenotypic diagnostic methods is supporting better informed treatment decisions. Focusing on advanced PCa, this review discusses polygenic risk scores for screening of PCa and common genomic aberrations in androgen receptor (AR), PTEN-PI3K-AKT, and DNA damage response (DDR) pathways, considering clinical implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment prediction. Furthermore, we evaluate liquid biopsy, protein biomarkers such as serum testosterone levels, SLFN11 expression, total alkaline phosphatase (tALP), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), tissue biopsy, and advanced imaging tools, summarizing current phenotypic biomarkers and envisaging more effective utilization of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in advanced PCa. We conclude that prognostic and treatment predictive biomarker discovery can improve the management of patients, especially in metastatic stages of advanced PCa. This will result in decreased mortality and enhanced quality of life and help design a personalized treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Davoudi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059 Australia
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Afshin Moradi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059 Australia
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059 Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4102 Australia
| | - Therese M. Becker
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of Western Sydney and University of New South Wales, Liverpool, 2170 Australia
| | - John G. Lock
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of Western Sydney and University of New South Wales, Liverpool, 2170 Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052 Australia
| | - Brian Abbey
- Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, School of Computing Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC Australia
| | - Davide Fontanarosa
- School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies (CBT), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Annette Haworth
- Institute of Medical Physics, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Judith Clements
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059 Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4102 Australia
| | - Rupert C. Ecker
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059 Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4102 Australia
- TissueGnostics GmbH, EU 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059 Australia
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059 Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4102 Australia
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8
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Armstrong L, Willoughby CE, McKenna DJ. Targeting of AKT1 by miR-143-3p Suppresses Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Prostate Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:2207. [PMID: 37759434 PMCID: PMC10526992 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An altered expression of miR-143-3p has been previously reported in prostate cancer where it is purported to play a tumor suppressor role. Evidence from other cancers suggests miR-143-3p acts as an inhibitor of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a key biological process required for metastasis. However, in prostate cancer the interaction between miR-143-3p and EMT-associated mechanisms remains unclear. Therefore, this paper investigated the link between miR-143-3p and EMT in prostate cancer using in vitro and in silico analyses. PCR detected that miR-143-3p expression was significantly decreased in prostate cancer cell lines compared to normal prostate cells. Bioinformatic analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas Prostate Adenocarcinoma (TCGA PRAD) data showed a significant downregulation of miR-143-3p in prostate cancer, correlating with pathological markers of advanced disease. Functional enrichment analysis confirmed the significant association of miR-143-3p and its target genes with EMT. The EMT-linked gene AKT1 was subsequently shown to be a novel target of miR-143-3p in prostate cancer cells. The in vitro manipulation of miR-143-3p levels significantly altered the cell proliferation, clonogenicity, migration and expression of EMT-associated markers. Further TCGA PRAD analysis suggested miR-143-3p tumor expression may be a useful predictor of disease recurrence. In summary, this is the first study to report that miR-143-3p overexpression in prostate cancer may inhibit EMT by targeting AKT1. The findings suggest miR-143-3p could be a useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Declan J. McKenna
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (L.A.); (C.E.W.)
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9
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Wells KV, Krackeler ML, Jathal MK, Parikh M, Ghosh PM, Leach JK, Genetos DC. Prostate cancer and bone: clinical presentation and molecular mechanisms. Endocr Relat Cancer 2023; 30:e220360. [PMID: 37226936 PMCID: PMC10696925 DOI: 10.1530/erc-22-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is an increasingly prevalent health problem in the developed world. Effective treatment options exist for localized PCa, but metastatic PCa has fewer treatment options and shorter patient survival. PCa and bone health are strongly entwined, as PCa commonly metastasizes to the skeleton. Since androgen receptor signaling drives PCa growth, androgen-deprivation therapy whose sequelae reduce bone strength constitutes the foundation of advanced PCa treatment. The homeostatic process of bone remodeling - produced by concerted actions of bone-building osteoblasts, bone-resorbing osteoclasts, and regulatory osteocytes - may also be subverted by PCa to promote metastatic growth. Mechanisms driving skeletal development and homeostasis, such as regional hypoxia or matrix-embedded growth factors, may be subjugated by bone metastatic PCa. In this way, the biology that sustains bone is integrated into adaptive mechanisms for the growth and survival of PCa in bone. Skeletally metastatic PCa is difficult to investigate due to the entwined nature of bone biology and cancer biology. Herein, we survey PCa from origin, presentation, and clinical treatment to bone composition and structure and molecular mediators of PCa metastasis to bone. Our intent is to quickly yet effectively reduce barriers to team science across multiple disciplines that focuses on PCa and metastatic bone disease. We also introduce concepts of tissue engineering as a novel perspective to model, capture, and study complex cancer-microenvironment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina V Wells
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Margaret L Krackeler
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Maitreyee K Jathal
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health System, Mather, California, USA
| | - Mamta Parikh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Paramita M Ghosh
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health System, Mather, California, USA
- Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - J Kent Leach
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Damian C Genetos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
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10
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Mougola Bissiengou P, Montcho Comlan JG, Atsame Ebang G, Sylla Niang M, Djoba Siawaya JF. Prostate malignant tumor and benign prostatic hyperplasia microenvironments in black African men: Limited infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes, NK-cells, and high frequency of CD73+ stromal cells. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6 Suppl 1:e1817. [PMID: 37092584 PMCID: PMC10440842 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-cancerous immunology has yet to be investigated in the African black population, despite being the dawn of precision medicine. AIM Here we investigated the tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in black Africans. METHODS Through immunohistochemistry analysis of prostate cancer and BPH patients' biopsies, we investigated the expression and distribution of CD73, CCD8 T-lymphocytes, and natural killer cells. In addition, we looked at tumor-infiltrating features CD8 T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells. RESULTS We show for the first time in black Africans a high expression of CD73 in epithelial-stromal cells and virtually no infiltration of CD8 T lymphocytes and natural killer cells in the tumoral area. In addition, CD73 was seven (7) times more likely to be expressed in prostate cancer stromal tissues than in benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues (odds ratio = 7.2; χ2 = 21; p < .0001). In addition, PSA concentration was significantly higher in prostate cancer patients than in BPH patients (p < .001). Also, the PSA-based ROC. analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.87 (p < .0001). CONCLUSION CD73 expression is more likely expressed in prostate cancer stromal tissues than in benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues. The features of prostate cancer in Black Africans suggest CD73 expression as a possible target for immunotherapy in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pélagie Mougola Bissiengou
- Service d'Immunologie, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Faculté de MédecineUniversité des Sciences de la SantéLibrevilleGabon
- Service d'Immunologie, Département des Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques Appliquées, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'OdontostomatologieUniversité Cheikh Anta DiopDakarSenegal
| | - Jérôme Gaston Montcho Comlan
- Service d'Immunologie, Département des Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques Appliquées, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'OdontostomatologieUniversité Cheikh Anta DiopDakarSenegal
| | - Gabrielle Atsame Ebang
- Unité d'anatomie‐Cytologie‐PathologieCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de LibrevilleLibrevilleGabon
| | - Maguette Sylla Niang
- Service d'Immunologie, Département des Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques Appliquées, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d'OdontostomatologieUniversité Cheikh Anta DiopDakarSenegal
| | - Joel Fleury Djoba Siawaya
- Service LaboratoireCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Mère‐Enfant Fondation Jeanne EBORILibrevilleGabon
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11
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Cruz-Burgos M, Cortés-Ramírez SA, Losada-García A, Morales-Pacheco M, Martínez-Martínez E, Morales-Montor JG, Servín-Haddad A, Izquierdo-Luna JS, Rodríguez-Martínez G, Ramos-Godínez MDP, González-Covarrubias V, Cañavera-Constantino A, González-Ramírez I, Su B, Leong HS, Rodríguez-Dorantes M. Unraveling the Role of EV-Derived miR-150-5p in Prostate Cancer Metastasis and Its Association with High-Grade Gleason Scores: Implications for Diagnosis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4148. [PMID: 37627176 PMCID: PMC10453180 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis remains the leading cause of mortality in prostate cancer patients. The presence of tumor cells in lymph nodes is an established prognostic indicator for several cancer types, such as melanoma, breast, oral, pancreatic, and cervical cancers. Emerging evidence highlights the role of microRNAs enclosed within extracellular vesicles as facilitators of molecular communication between tumors and metastatic sites in the lymph nodes. This study aims to investigate the potential diagnostic utility of EV-derived microRNAs in liquid biopsies for prostate cancer. By employing microarrays on paraffin-embedded samples, we characterized the microRNA expression profiles in metastatic lymph nodes, non-metastatic lymph nodes, and primary tumor tissues of prostate cancer. Differential expression of microRNAs was observed in metastatic lymph nodes compared to prostate tumors and non-metastatic lymph node tissues. Three microRNAs (miR-140-3p, miR-150-5p, and miR-23b-3p) were identified as differentially expressed between tissue and plasma samples. Furthermore, we evaluated the expression of these microRNAs in exosomes derived from prostate cancer cells and plasma samples. Intriguingly, high Gleason score samples exhibited the lowest expression of miR-150-5p compared to control samples. Pathway analysis suggested a potential regulatory role for miR-150-5p in the Wnt pathway and bone metastasis. Our findings suggest EV-derived miR-150-5p as a promising diagnostic marker for identifying patients with high-grade Gleason scores and detecting metastasis at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Cruz-Burgos
- Laboratorio de Oncogenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (M.C.-B.)
| | - Sergio A. Cortés-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Oncogenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (M.C.-B.)
| | - Alberto Losada-García
- Laboratorio de Oncogenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (M.C.-B.)
| | - Miguel Morales-Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Oncogenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (M.C.-B.)
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Martínez
- Laboratory of Cell Communication and Extracellular Vesicles, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro Servín-Haddad
- Urology Department, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.G.M.-M.); (A.S.-H.)
| | | | - Griselda Rodríguez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Oncogenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (M.C.-B.)
| | | | | | | | - Imelda González-Ramírez
- Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 14387, Mexico
| | - Boyang Su
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Hon S. Leong
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Mauricio Rodríguez-Dorantes
- Laboratorio de Oncogenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico; (M.C.-B.)
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12
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Bergengren O, Pekala KR, Matsoukas K, Fainberg J, Mungovan SF, Bratt O, Bray F, Brawley O, Luckenbaugh AN, Mucci L, Morgan TM, Carlsson SV. 2022 Update on Prostate Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Factors-A Systematic Review. Eur Urol 2023; 84:191-206. [PMID: 37202314 PMCID: PMC10851915 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Understanding the epidemiology and risk factors of the disease is paramount to improve primary and secondary prevention strategies. OBJECTIVE To systematically review and summarize the current evidence on the descriptive epidemiology, large screening studies, diagnostic techniques, and risk factors of PCa. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION PCa incidence and mortality rates for 2020 were obtained from the GLOBOCAN database of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. A systematic search was performed in July 2022 using PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE biomedical databases. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022359728). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Globally, PCa is the second most common cancer, with the highest incidence in North and South America, Europe, Australia, and the Caribbean. Risk factors include age, family history, and genetic predisposition. Additional factors may include smoking, diet, physical activity, specific medications, and occupational factors. As PCa screening has become more accepted, newer approaches such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biomarkers have been implemented to identify patients who are likely to harbor significant tumors. Limitations of this review include the evidence being derived from meta-analyses of mostly retrospective studies. CONCLUSIONS PCa remains the second most common cancer among men worldwide. PCa screening is gaining acceptance and will likely reduce PCa mortality at the cost of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Increasing use of MRI and biomarkers for the detection of PCa may mitigate some of the negative consequences of screening. PATIENT SUMMARY Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the second most common cancer among men, and screening for PCa is likely to increase in the future. Improved diagnostic techniques can help reduce the number of men who need to be diagnosed and treated to save one life. Avoidable risk factors for PCa may include factors such as smoking, diet, physical activity, specific medications, and certain occupations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Bergengren
- Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Kelly R Pekala
- Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Fainberg
- Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean F Mungovan
- Westmead Private Physiotherapy Services and The Clinical Research Institute, Westmead Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ola Bratt
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Freddie Bray
- Cancer Surveillance Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Otis Brawley
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Lorelei Mucci
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd M Morgan
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sigrid V Carlsson
- Department of Surgery (Urology Service), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Bellei E, Caramaschi S, Giannico GA, Monari E, Martorana E, Reggiani Bonetti L, Bergamini S. Research of Prostate Cancer Urinary Diagnostic Biomarkers by Proteomics: The Noteworthy Influence of Inflammation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071318. [PMID: 37046536 PMCID: PMC10093134 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, in the case of suspected prostate cancer (PCa), tissue needle biopsy remains the benchmark for diagnosis despite its invasiveness and poor tolerability, as serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is limited by low specificity. The aim of this proteomic study was to identify new diagnostic biomarkers in urine, an easily and non-invasively available sample, able to selectively discriminate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), evaluating whether the presence of inflammation may be a confounding parameter. The analysis was performed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) on urine samples from PCa and BPH patients, divided into subgroups based on the presence or absence of inflammation. Significant quantitative and qualitative differences were found in the urinary proteomic profile of PCa and BPH groups. Of the nine differentially expressed proteins, only five can properly be considered potential biomarkers of PCa able to discriminate the two diseases, as they were not affected by the inflammatory process. Therefore, the proteomic research of novel and reliable urinary biomarkers of PCa should be conducted considering the presence of inflammation as a realistic interfering element, as it could hinder the detection of important protein targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bellei
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, Proteomic Lab, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Caramaschi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanna A. Giannico
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Emanuela Monari
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, Proteomic Lab, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Eugenio Martorana
- Division of Urology, New Civilian Hospital of Sassuolo, 41049 Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Reggiani Bonetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AOU Policlinico di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Bergamini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, Proteomic Lab, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
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14
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Angel CZ, Stafford MYC, McNally CJ, Nesbitt H, McKenna DJ. MiR-21 Is Induced by Hypoxia and Down-Regulates RHOB in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041291. [PMID: 36831632 PMCID: PMC9954526 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour hypoxia is a well-established contributor to prostate cancer progression and is also known to alter the expression of several microRNAs. The over-expression of microRNA-21 (miR-21) has been consistently linked with many cancers, but its role in the hypoxic prostate tumour environment has not been well studied. In this paper, the link between hypoxia and miR-21 in prostate cancer is investigated. A bioinformatic analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) prostate biopsy datasets shows the up-regulation of miR-21 is significantly associated with prostate cancer and clinical markers of disease progression. This up-regulation of miR-21 expression was shown to be caused by hypoxia in the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line in vitro and in an in vivo prostate tumour xenograft model. A functional enrichment analysis also revealed a significant association of miR-21 and its target genes with processes related to cellular hypoxia. The over-expression of miR-21 increased the migration and colony-forming ability of RWPE-1 normal prostate cells. In vitro and in silico analyses demonstrated that miR-21 down-regulates the tumour suppressor gene Ras Homolog Family Member B (RHOB) in prostate cancer. Further a TCGA analysis illustrated that miR-21 can distinguish between different patient outcomes following therapy. This study presents evidence that hypoxia is a key contributor to the over-expression of miR-21 in prostate tumours, which can subsequently promote prostate cancer progression by suppressing RHOB expression. We propose that miR-21 has good potential as a clinically useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of hypoxia and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Zoe Angel
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | | | - Christopher J. McNally
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Heather Nesbitt
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Declan J. McKenna
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK
- Correspondence:
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15
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Stafford MYC, McKenna DJ. MiR-182 Is Upregulated in Prostate Cancer and Contributes to Tumor Progression by Targeting MITF. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031824. [PMID: 36768146 PMCID: PMC9914973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered expression of microRNA-182-5p (miR-182) has been consistently linked with many cancers, but its specific role in prostate cancer remains unclear. In particular, its contribution to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in this setting has not been well studied. Therefore, this paper profiles the expression of miR-182 in prostate cancer and investigates how it may contribute to progression of this disease. In vitro experiments on prostate cancer cell lines and in silico analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) datasets were performed. PCR revealed miR-182 expression was significantly increased in prostate cancer cell lines compared to normal prostate cells. Bioinformatic analysis of TCGA PRAD data similarly showed upregulation of miR-182 was significantly associated with prostate cancer and clinical markers of disease progression. Functional enrichment analysis confirmed a significant association of miR-182 and its target genes with EMT. The EMT-linked gene MITF (melanocyte inducing transcription factor) was subsequently shown to be a novel target of miR-182 in prostate cancer cells. Further TCGA analysis suggested miR-182 expression can be an indicator of patient outcomes and disease progression following therapy. In summary, this is the first study to report that miR-182 over-expression in prostate cancer may contribute to EMT by targeting MITF expression. We propose miR-182 as a potentially useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for prostate cancer and other malignancies.
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16
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Su Z, Wang G, Li L. CHRDL1, NEFH, TAGLN and SYNM as novel diagnostic biomarkers of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Cancer Biomark 2023; 38:143-159. [PMID: 37781794 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-230028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are common male diseases whose incidence rates gradually increase with age. They seriously affect men's physical health and quality of life. This study aimed to identify new biomarkers for the diagnosis of BPH and PCa. METHODS Two datasets, GSE28204 and GSE134051 (including human PCa and BPH), were downloaded from the GEO database. The batch effect was removed for merging, and then differential gene expression analysis was conducted to identify BPH and PCa cases. The diagnostic biomarkers of BPH and PCa were further screened using machine learning and bioinformatics. ROC curves were drawn to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the selected biomarkers. An online website and qPCR were used to preliminarily explore the expression levels of PCa biomarkers. The correlations between the expression of biomarkers and the tumor microenvironment, tumor mutation load and immunotherapy drugs were evaluated. RESULTS We identified fifteen genes (CHRDL1, DES, FLNC, GSTP1, MYL9, TGFB3, NEFH, TAGLN, SPARCL1, SYNM, TRPM8, HPN, PLA2G7, ENTPD5 and GPR160) as critical diagnostic biomarkers. After reviewing the literature on all selected biomarkers, we found few studies on the four genes CHRDL1, NEFH, TAGLN and SYNM in BPH or PCa. We defined these four genes as new potential diagnostic biomarkers (NPDBs) of BPH and PCa. All NPDBs were downregulated in PCa patients and PCa cell lines and upregulated in BPH patients and cell lines. When the immune landscape and mutation frequencies were analyzed, the results showed that the tumor microenvironment (TME), immune landscape, tumor mutation burden, and drug response were significantly correlated with NPDB expressions. CONCLUSIONS We found four new diagnostic markers of BPH and PCa, which may facilitate the early diagnosis, treatment, and immunotherapeutic responses assessment and may be of major value in guiding clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Su
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Leilei Li
- Department of Pathology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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17
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Kim SS, Lee SC, Lim B, Shin SH, Kim MY, Kim SY, Lim H, Charton C, Shin D, Moon HW, Kim J, Park D, Park WY, Lee JY. DNA methylation biomarkers distinguishing early-stage prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate Int 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prnil.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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18
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He W, Zhang F, Jiang F, Liu H, Wang G. Correlations between serum levels of microRNA-148a-3p and microRNA-485-5p and the progression and recurrence of prostate cancer. BMC Urol 2022; 22:195. [PMID: 36434610 PMCID: PMC9701040 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-022-01143-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unpredicted postoperative recurrence of prostate cancer, one of the most common malignancies among males worldwide, has become a prominent issue affecting patients after treatment. Here, we investigated the correlation between the serum miR-148a-3p and miR-485-5p expression levels and cancer recurrence in PCa patients, aiming to identify new biomarkers for diagnosis and predicting postoperative recurrence of prostate cancer. METHODS A total of 198 male PCa cases treated with surgery, postoperative radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were involved in the presented study. Serum levels of miR-148a-3p and miR-485-5p were measured before the initial operation for the involved cases, which were then followed up for two years to monitor the recurrence of cancer and to split the cases into recurrence and non-recurrence groups. Comparison of the relative expressions of serum miR-148a-3p and miR-485-5p were made and related to other clinic pathological features. RESULTS Pre-surgery serum levels of miR-148a-3p in patients with TNM stage cT1-2a prostate cancer (Gleason score < 7) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than levels in patients with TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors (TNM) stage cT2b and higher prostate cancer (Gleason score ≥ 7). pre-surgery serum levels of miR-485-5p in patients with TNM stage cT1-2a prostate cancer (Gleason score < 7) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in patients with TNM stage cT2b and higher cancer (Gleason score ≥ 7). Serum miR-148a-3p level in recurrence group is higher than the non-recurrence group (P < 0.05) while serum miR-485-5p level in recurrence group is lower than non-recurrence group (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed the AUCs of using miR-148a-3p, miR-485-5p, and combined detection for predicting recurrence of prostate cancer were 0.825 (95% CI 0.765-0.875, P < 0.0001), 0.790 (95% CI 0.726-0.844, P < 0.0001), and 0.913 (95% CI 0.865-0.948, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Pre-surgery serum miR-148a-3p level positively correlates while miR-485-5p level negatively correlates with prostate cancer's progressing and postoperative recurrence. Both molecules show potential to be used for predicting postoperative recurrence individually or combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan He
- grid.513202.7Department of Urology, Yan’an People’s Hospital, Yan’an, China
| | - Furong Zhang
- grid.507892.10000 0004 8519 1271Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Huan Liu
- grid.412750.50000 0004 1936 9166Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Gang Wang
- grid.513202.7Department of Urology, Yan’an People’s Hospital, Yan’an, China
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19
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Tao R, Liu E, Zhao X, Han L, Yu B, Mao H, Yang W, Gao X. Combination of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus with Ecliptae Herba and their phytoestrogen or phytoandrogen like active pharmaceutical ingredients alleviate oestrogen/testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia through regulating steroid 5-α-reductase. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154169. [PMID: 35636178 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a urinary system disease with high prevalence among the middle and elder men. In BPH, proliferation of prostate cells and the imbanlance between androgen and estrogen are both important inducers. Previous studies have demonstrated that compounds from Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (LLF) and Ecliptae Herba (EH) are of phytoestrogenic or phytoandrogenic activities. The combination of LLF with EH at the ratio of 1:1 on crude drugs quantity is called Erzhi formula (EZF), which is used for in vivo research of our study. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate potential mechanisms of EZF and its active pharmaceutical ingredients on BPH in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Therapeutic effects of EZF was evaluated in E2/testosterone (1:100) induced BPH rats model. The pathological changes of prostate, concentrations of testosterone, DHT, E2, PSA in rats' plasma and prostate were detected. The expressions of PCNA, AR, ERα, ERβ, SRD5A1, SRD5A2 were measured in BPH rat prostates and E2-stimulated human benign prostatic epithelial cells (BPH-1). RESULTS EZF treatment significantly attenuated rat prostate enlargement, alleviated BPH pathological features, and decreased the expression of PCNA. The up-regulation of AR, ERα, SRD5A1/2 expressions, and down-regulation of ERβ expression at prostate of rat BPH model were significantly blocked by EZF administration. The expression levels of testosterone, DHT, E2, PSA were strongly inhibited by EZF treatment. At the cellular level, ligustrosidic acid and echinocystic acid inhibited E2-induced BPH-1 cell proliferation and PCNA expressions, which were consistent with the results in vivo. And these two ingredients also down-regulated the expressions of AR, ERα, SRD5A1/2 and up-regulated the expression of ERβ in BPH-1 cells. CONCLUSION EZF, ligustrosidic acid from LLF and echinocystic acid from EH showed inhibitive effects on BPH via down-regulating prostatic AR, ERα, SRD5A1/2 expressions and up-regulating ERβ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Erwei Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lifeng Han
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoping Mao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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20
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Coradduzza D, Solinas T, Balzano F, Culeddu N, Rossi N, Cruciani S, Azara E, Maioli M, Zinellu A, De Miglio MR, Madonia M, Falchi M, Carru C. miRNAs as molecular biomarkers for prostate cancer. J Mol Diagn 2022; 24:1171-1180. [PMID: 35835374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNA able to regulate specific mRNA stability, thus influencing target gene expression. Disrupted levels of several miRNA have been associated with prostate cancer, the leading cause of cancer death among men and the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Here, we investigated whether miR-145, miR-148, and miR-185 circulating levels in plasma could be used as molecular biomarkers, to allow distinguishing between individuals with benign prostatic hyperplasia, precancerous lesion, and prostate cancer. In this study, we recruited 170 urological clinic patients with suspected prostate cancer who underwent prostate biopsy. Total RNA was isolated from plasma, and TaqMan MicroRNA assays were used to analyze miR-145, miR-185, and miR-148 expression. First, differential miRNA expression among patient groups was evaluated. Then, miRNA levels were combined with clinical assessment outcomes, including results from invasive tests, using multivariate analysis to examine their ability in discriminating among the three patient groups. Our results suggest that miRNA is a promising molecular tool for clinical management of at-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana Solinas
- Urologic Clinic, Dep. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari
| | - Francesca Balzano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Nicola Culeddu
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Sassari, Italy
| | - Niccolò Rossi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Cruciani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Emanuela Azara
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Sassari, Italy
| | - Margherita Maioli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Madonia
- Urologic Clinic, Dep. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari
| | - Mario Falchi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; University Hospital of Sassari (AOU), Sassari, Italy.
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21
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McNally CJ, Watt J, Kurth MJ, Lamont JV, Moore T, Fitzgerald P, Pandha H, McKenna DJ, Ruddock MW. A Novel Combination of Serum Markers in a Multivariate Model to Help Triage Patients Into “Low-” and “High-Risk” Categories for Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:837127. [PMID: 35664747 PMCID: PMC9161691 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.837127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Almost 50,000 men in the United Kingdom (UK) are diagnosed each year with prostate cancer (PCa). Secondary referrals for investigations rely on serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and digital rectal examination. However, both tests lack sensitivity and specificity, resulting in unnecessary referrals to secondary care for costly and invasive biopsies. Materials and Methods Serum samples and clinical information were collected from N = 125 age-matched patients (n = 61 non-PCa and n = 64 PCa) and analyzed using Biochip Array Technology on high-sensitivity cytokine array I (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1α, IL-1β, TNFα, MCP-1, INFγ, EGF, and VEGF), cerebral array II (CRP, D-dimer, neuron-specific enolase, and sTNFR1), and tumor PSA oncology array (fPSA, tPSA, and CEA). Results The data showed that 11/19 (68.8%) markers were significantly different between the non-PCa and the PCa patients. A combination of EGF, log10 IL-8, log10 MCP-1, and log10 tPSA significantly improved the predictive potential of tPSA alone to identify patients with PCa (DeLong, p < 0.001). This marker combination had an increased area under the receiver operator characteristic (0.860 vs. 0.700), sensitivity (78.7 vs. 68.9%), specificity (76.5 vs. 67.2%), PPV (76.2 vs. 66.7%), and NPV (79.0 vs. 69.4%) compared with tPSA. Conclusions The novel combination of serum markers identified in this study could be employed to help triage patients into “low-” and “high-risk” categories, allowing general practitioners to improve the management of patients in primary care settings and potentially reducing the number of referrals for unnecessary, invasive, and costly treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanne Watt
- Clinical Studies Group, Randox Laboratories Ltd., Crumlin, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Jo Kurth
- Clinical Studies Group, Randox Laboratories Ltd., Crumlin, United Kingdom
| | - John V. Lamont
- Clinical Studies Group, Randox Laboratories Ltd., Crumlin, United Kingdom
| | - Tara Moore
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Fitzgerald
- Clinical Studies Group, Randox Laboratories Ltd., Crumlin, United Kingdom
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Research Development and Innovations Department, The Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Declan J. McKenna
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Mark W. Ruddock
- Clinical Studies Group, Randox Laboratories Ltd., Crumlin, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Mark W. Ruddock,
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22
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Zhang C, Qian J, Wu Y, Zhu Z, Yu W, Gong Y, Li X, He Z, Zhou L. Identification of Novel Diagnosis Biomarkers for Therapy-Related Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609968. [PMID: 34646089 PMCID: PMC8503838 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Therapy-related neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) subtype that, at present, lacks well-characterized molecular biomarkers. The clinical diagnosis of this disease is dependent on biopsy and histological assessment: methods that are experience-based and easily misdiagnosed due to tumor heterogeneity. The development of robust diagnostic tools for NEPC may assist clinicians in making medical decisions on the choice of continuing anti-androgen receptor therapy or switching to platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods: Gene expression profiles and clinical characteristics data of 208 samples of metastatic CRPC, including castration-resistant prostate adenocarcinoma (CRPC-adeno) and castration-resistant neuroendocrine prostate adenocarcinoma (CRPC-NE), were obtained from the prad_su2c_2019 dataset. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was subsequently used to construct a free-scale gene co-expression network to study the interrelationship between the potential modules and clinical features of metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma and to identify hub genes in the modules. Furthermore, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was used to build a model to predict the clinical characteristics of CRPC-NE. The findings were then verified in the nepc_wcm_2016 dataset. Results: A total of 51 co-expression modules were successfully constructed using WGCNA, of which three co-expression modules were found to be significantly associated with the neuroendocrine features and the NEPC score. In total, four novel genes, including NPTX1, PCSK1, ASXL3, and TRIM9, were all significantly upregulated in NEPC compared with the adenocarcinoma samples, and these genes were all associated with the neuroactive ligand receptor interaction pathway. Next, the expression levels of these four genes were used to construct an NEPC diagnosis model, which was successfully able to distinguish CRPC-NE from CRPC-adeno samples in both the training and the validation cohorts. Moreover, the values of the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) were 0.995 and 0.833 for the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Conclusion: The present study identified four specific novel biomarkers for therapy-related NEPC, and these biomarkers may serve as an effective tool for the diagnosis of NEPC, thereby meriting further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuijian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital Institute of Urology, National Urological Cancer Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
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23
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Lokshin A, Mikhaleva LM, Goufman EI, Boltovskaya MN, Tikhonova NB, Stepanova II, Stepanov AA, Potoldykova NV, Vinarov AZ, Stemmer P, Iakovlev V. Proteolyzed Variant of IgG with Free C-Terminal Lysine as a Biomarker of Prostate Cancer. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080817. [PMID: 34440049 PMCID: PMC8389667 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary We have discovered that immunoglobulins digested with plasmin, one of the enzymes of blood clotting cascade acquire a capability to bind to one of the chains of plasminogen. We investigate here the mechanisms and localization of such binding. We also show that levels of this digested immunoglobulin molecule are higher in patients with prostate cancer. Therefore, this digested immunoglobulin could serve as a biomarker for the detection of patients with prostate cancer from patients with benign prostate hyperplasia. We observed that the diagnostic accuracy of blood levels of digested immunoglobulins is dramatically higher than that of PSA. Abstract The differential diagnosis of prostate cancer is problematic due to the lack of markers with high diagnostic accuracy. We previously demonstrated the increased binding of IgG to human plasminogen (PLG) in plasma of patients with prostate cancer (PC) compared to healthy controls. Heavy and light chains of PLG (PLG-H and PLG-L) were immobilized on 96-well plates and the binding of IgG to PLG-H and PLG-L was analyzed in serum from 30 prostate cancer (PC) patients, 30 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 30 healthy controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our results demonstrate that IgG from PC sera bind to PLG-H but not to PLG-L. This interaction occurred through the free IgG C-terminal lysine (Lys) that becomes exposed as a result of IgG conformational changes associated with proteolysis. Circulating levels of modified IgG with exposed C-terminal Lys (IgG-Lys) were significantly higher in PC patients than in healthy controls and in BPH. We used Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis to calculate the sensitivity (SN) and specificity (SP) of circulating IgG-Lys for differentiating PC from BPH as 77% and 90%, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.87. We demonstrated that the diagnostic accuracy of circulating levels of IgG-Lys is much higher than diagnostic accuracy of total PSA (tPSA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lokshin
- Departments of Pathology, Medicine, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Lyudmila M. Mikhaleva
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (L.M.M.); (E.I.G.); (M.N.B.); (N.B.T.); (I.I.S.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Eugene I. Goufman
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (L.M.M.); (E.I.G.); (M.N.B.); (N.B.T.); (I.I.S.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Marina N. Boltovskaya
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (L.M.M.); (E.I.G.); (M.N.B.); (N.B.T.); (I.I.S.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Natalia B. Tikhonova
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (L.M.M.); (E.I.G.); (M.N.B.); (N.B.T.); (I.I.S.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Irina I. Stepanova
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (L.M.M.); (E.I.G.); (M.N.B.); (N.B.T.); (I.I.S.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Alexandr A. Stepanov
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (L.M.M.); (E.I.G.); (M.N.B.); (N.B.T.); (I.I.S.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Natalia V. Potoldykova
- Institute of Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.P.); (A.Z.V.)
| | - Andrey Z. Vinarov
- Institute of Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia; (N.V.P.); (A.Z.V.)
| | - Paul Stemmer
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
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24
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Novel Prostate Cancer Biomarkers: Aetiology, Clinical Performance and Sensing Applications. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9080205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The review initially provides a short introduction to prostate cancer (PCa) incidence, mortality, and diagnostics. Next, the need for novel biomarkers for PCa diagnostics is briefly discussed. The core of the review provides details about PCa aetiology, alternative biomarkers available for PCa diagnostics besides prostate specific antigen and their biosensing. In particular, low molecular mass biomolecules (ions and metabolites) and high molecular mass biomolecules (proteins, RNA, DNA, glycoproteins, enzymes) are discussed, along with clinical performance parameters.
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25
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Abramovic I, Vrhovec B, Skara L, Vrtaric A, Nikolac Gabaj N, Kulis T, Stimac G, Ljiljak D, Ruzic B, Kastelan Z, Kruslin B, Bulic-Jakus F, Ulamec M, Katusic-Bojanac A, Sincic N. MiR-182-5p and miR-375-3p Have Higher Performance Than PSA in Discriminating Prostate Cancer from Benign Prostate Hyperplasia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092068. [PMID: 33922968 PMCID: PMC8123314 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent neoplasia among men worldwide but is commonly “mimicked” by benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Their discrimination by the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is often uncertain, resulting in lengthy diagnostic protocols and recurrent tissue biopsies. The development of more appropriate biomarkers, possibly present in liquid biopsy, would significantly improve PCa and BPH patient management. To address this challenge, in this study miR-375-3p, miR-182-5p, miR-21-5p, and miR-148a-3p were analyzed by ddPCR in blood plasma and seminal plasma of patients with PCa and BPH prior to tissue biopsy. Among other findings, miR-182-5p and miR-375-3p were found to have statistically significantly higher expression in PCa patients compared to BPH in blood, with a combined specificity of 90.2% to predict positive or negative biopsy results. The data presented emphasize the great potential of miRNAs as liquid biopsy biomarkers for PCa. Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed neoplasm among men. Since it often resembles benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), biomarkers with a higher differential value than PSA are required. Epigenetic biomarkers in liquid biopsies, especially miRNA, could address this challenge. The absolute expression of miR-375-3p, miR-182-5p, miR-21-5p, and miR-148a-3p were quantified in blood plasma and seminal plasma of 65 PCa and 58 BPH patients by digital droplet PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of these microRNAs were determined using ROC curve analysis. The higher expression of miR-182-5p and miR-375-3p in the blood plasma of PCa patients was statistically significant as compared to BPH (p = 0.0363 and 0.0226, respectively). Their combination achieved a specificity of 90.2% for predicting positive or negative biopsy results, while PSA cut-off of 4 µg/L performed with only 1.7% specificity. In seminal plasma, miR-375-3p, miR-182-5p, and miR-21-5p showed a statistically significantly higher expression in PCa patients with PSA >10 µg/L compared to ones with PSA ≤10 µg/L. MiR-182-5p and miR-375-3p in blood plasma show higher performance than PSA in discriminating PCa from BPH. Seminal plasma requires further investigation as it represents an obvious source for PCa biomarker identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Abramovic
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.A.); (L.S.); (F.B.-J.); (A.K.-B.)
- Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers (Epimark), University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (Z.K.); (M.U.)
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.V.); (N.N.G.); (B.K.)
| | - Borna Vrhovec
- Department of Urology, University Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Lucija Skara
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.A.); (L.S.); (F.B.-J.); (A.K.-B.)
- Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers (Epimark), University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (Z.K.); (M.U.)
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.V.); (N.N.G.); (B.K.)
| | - Alen Vrtaric
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.V.); (N.N.G.); (B.K.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nora Nikolac Gabaj
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.V.); (N.N.G.); (B.K.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Kulis
- Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers (Epimark), University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (Z.K.); (M.U.)
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.V.); (N.N.G.); (B.K.)
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Stimac
- Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers (Epimark), University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (Z.K.); (M.U.)
- Department of Urology, University Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Dejan Ljiljak
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Boris Ruzic
- Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers (Epimark), University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (Z.K.); (M.U.)
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.V.); (N.N.G.); (B.K.)
- Department of Urology, University Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Zeljko Kastelan
- Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers (Epimark), University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (Z.K.); (M.U.)
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.V.); (N.N.G.); (B.K.)
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bozo Kruslin
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.V.); (N.N.G.); (B.K.)
- Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, University Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Floriana Bulic-Jakus
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.A.); (L.S.); (F.B.-J.); (A.K.-B.)
- Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers (Epimark), University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (Z.K.); (M.U.)
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.V.); (N.N.G.); (B.K.)
| | - Monika Ulamec
- Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers (Epimark), University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (Z.K.); (M.U.)
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.V.); (N.N.G.); (B.K.)
- Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, University Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine and School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Katusic-Bojanac
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.A.); (L.S.); (F.B.-J.); (A.K.-B.)
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.V.); (N.N.G.); (B.K.)
| | - Nino Sincic
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.A.); (L.S.); (F.B.-J.); (A.K.-B.)
- Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers (Epimark), University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (T.K.); (G.S.); (B.R.); (Z.K.); (M.U.)
- Centre of Excellence for Reproductive and Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.V.); (N.N.G.); (B.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-145-66-806
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Detection and Investigation of Extracellular Vesicles in Serum and Urine Supernatant of Prostate Cancer Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030466. [PMID: 33800141 PMCID: PMC7998238 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate Cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently identified urological cancers. PCa patients are often over-diagnosed due to still not highly specific diagnostic methods. The need for more accurate diagnostic tools to prevent overestimated diagnosis and unnecessary treatment of patients with non-malignant conditions is clear, and new markers and methods are strongly desirable. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great promises as liquid biopsy-based markers. Despite the biological and technical issues present in their detection and study, these particles can be found highly abundantly in the biofluid and encompass a wealth of macromolecules that have been reported to be related to many physiological and pathological processes, including cancer onset, metastasis spreading, and treatment resistance. The present study aims to perform a technical feasibility study to develop a new workflow for investigating EVs from several biological sources. Serum and urinary supernatant EVs of PCa, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients, and healthy donors were isolated and investigated by a fast, easily performable, and cost-effective cytofluorimetric approach for a multiplex detection of 37 EV-antigens. We also observed significant alterations in serum and urinary supernatant EVs potentially related to BPH and PCa, suggesting a potential clinical application of this workflow.
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