Long Non-Coding RNA SNHG14 Regulates SPIN1 Expression to Accelerate Tumor Progression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Sponging miR-382-5p

High SNHG expression may predict a poor lung cancer prognosis based on a meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

An increasing number of small nucleolar RNA host genes (SNHGs) have been revealed to be dysregulated in lung cancer tissues, and abnormal expression of SNHGs is significantly correlated with the prognosis of lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to explore the correlation between the expression level of SNHGs and the prognosis of lung cancer.

METHODS

A comprehensive search of six related databases was conducted to obtain relevant literature. Relevant information, such as overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), TNM stage, lymph node metastasis (LNM), and tumor size, was extracted. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to evaluate the relationship between SNHG expression and the survival outcome of lung cancers. Sensitivity and publication bias analyses were performed to explore the stability and reliability of the overall results.

RESULTS

Forty publications involving 2205 lung cancer patients were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled HR and 95% CI values indicated a significant positive association between high SNHG expression and poor OS (HR: 1.890, 95% CI: 1.595-2.185), disease-free survival (DFS) (HR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.57-3.39) and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR: 2.01, 95% CI: 0.66-6.07). The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI values indicated that increased SNHG expression may be correlated with advanced TNM stage (OR: 1.509, 95% CI: 1.267-1.799), increase risk of distant lymph node metastasis (OR: 1.540, 95% CI: 1.298-1.828), and large tumor size (OR: 1.509, 95% CI: 1.245-1.829). Sensitivity analysis and publication bias results showed that each result had strong reliability and robustness, and there was no significant publication bias or other bias.

CONCLUSION

Most SNHGs are upregulated in lung cancer tissues, and high expression of SNHGs predicts poor survival outcomes in lung cancer. SNHGs may be potential prognostic markers and promising therapeutic targets.

[Research Progress of LncRNA SNHGs in Regulating the Biological Behavior of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer]

Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumors with the highest incidence and mortality rate in China, and its occurrence and development mechanism and treatment methods are the current research focuses. In recent years, the emergence of drugs targeting various tumor driver genes has significantly improved patients' survival and quality of life, setting off a wave of research on new therapeutic targets. Among them, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays a crucial role in the malignant behavior of tumors, which has attracted widespread attention. Shown by a large number of studies, partial members of lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene (SNHG) family are aberrantly expressed in many maliglant tumors including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and participate in cell proliferation, invasion and migration, which may act as a new diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and can be a therapeutic target of NSCLC. In this review, we comprehensively summarize and explore the recent investigation of SNHGs in NSCLC in order to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC.
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microRNA-382 as a tumor suppressor? Roles in tumorigenesis and clinical significance

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded RNAs belonging to a class of non-coding RNAs with an average length of 18-22 nucleotides. Although not able to encode any protein, miRNAs are vastly studied and found to play role in various human physiologic as well as pathological conditions. A huge number of miRNAs have been identified in human cells whose expression is straightly regulated with crucial biological functions, while this number is constantly increasing. miRNAs are particularly studied in cancers, where they either can act with oncogenic function (oncomiRs) or tumor-suppressors role (referred as tumor-suppressor/oncorepressor miRNAs). miR-382 is a well-studied miRNA, which is revealed to play regulatory roles in physiological processes like osteogenic differentiation, hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and normal hematopoiesis, and liver progenitor cell differentiation. Notably, miR-382 deregulation is reported in pathologic conditions, such as renal fibrosis, muscular dystrophies, Rett syndrome, epidural fibrosis, atrial fibrillation, amelogenesis imperfecta, oxidative stress, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication, and various types of cancers. The majority of oncogenesis studies have claimed miR-382 downregulation in cancers and suppressor impact on malignant phenotype of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, while a few studies suggest opposite findings. Given the putative role of this miRNA in regulation of oncogenesis, assessment of miR-382 expression is suggested in a several clinical investigations as a prognostic/diagnostic biomarker for cancer patients. In this review, we have an overview to recent studies evaluated the role of miR-382 in oncogenesis as well as its clinical potential.

Overexpression of LncRNA SNHG14 as a biomarker of clinicopathological and prognosis value in human cancers: A meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis

Background: SNGH14 is a newly discovered long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) highly associated with tumorigenesis. However, whether the level of SNHG14 is related to the prognosis of patients with different cancer types is unclear.

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched to identify eligible studies from inception to November 2021. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were utilized to analyze dichotomous variables, while the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI were used for survival outcomes. We also included trial sequential analysis (TSA) to assess whether the current evidence was sufficiently conclusive. Stata 15.0 and TSA 0.9 software were used for data analyses.

Results: A total of 21 studies involving 1,080 patients, mainly from China, were included. Our results revealed that high SNHG14 expression was associated significantly with poor overall survival (OS) [HR = 1.39; 95% CI: (1.06–1.83); p = 0.017]. In addition, elevated SNHG14 expression was related to tumor size (> 3.5 cm) [OR = 1.60; 95% CI: (1.20–2.14); p = 0.001], TNM staging [OR = 0.54; 95% CI: (0.40–0.71); p < 0.001], lymph node metastasis [OR = 1.86; 95% CI: (1.35–2.55); p < 0.001], differentiation grade [OR = 1.95; 95% CI: (1.36–2.80); p < 0.001], and distant metastasis [OR = 2.44; 95% CI: (1.30–4.58); p = 0.005]. However, no significant difference was observed between age [OR = 0.98; 95% CI: (0.72–1.35); p = 0.915] and gender [OR = 0.98; 95% CI: (0.72–1.35); p = 0.915] from the enhanced expression of SNHG14.

Conclusion: The current study revealed that overexpression of SNGH14 is associated with low OS rate and clinicopathological characteristics. SNGH14 can be a novel tumor marker that aids in tumor diagnosis, thereby improving patient prognosis.

The reversion of DNA methylation-induced miRNA silence via biomimetic nanoparticles-mediated gene delivery for efficient lung adenocarcinoma therapy

Background

Lung cancer is one of the fatal cancers worldwide, and over 60% of patients are lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Our clinical data demonstrated that DNA methylation of the promoter region of miR-126-3p was upregulated, which led to the decreased expression of miR-126-3p in 67 cases of lung cancer tissues, implying that miR-126-3p acted as a tumor suppressor. Transduction of miR-126-3p is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating LUAD, yet the physiological environment and properties of miRNA challenge current transduction approaches.

Methods

We evaluated the expression of miR-126-3p in 67 pairs of lung cancer tissues and the corresponding adjacent non-tumorous tissues by Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The relationship between the overall survival of lung cancer patients and miR-126-3p was analyzed by the Cancer Genome Atlas cohort database (Oncolnc, http://www.oncolnc.org). We analyzed DNA methylation Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) analysis. To determine whether ADAM9 is the direct target of miR-126-3p, we performed the 3′-UTR luciferase reporter assay. The protein levels in the cells or tissues were evaluated with western blotting (WB) analysis. The biodistribution of nanoparticles were monitored by in vivo tracking system.

Results

We describe the development of novel stealth and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2)-activated biomimetic nanoparticles, which are constructed using MMP2-responsive peptides to bind the miR-126-3p (known as MAIN), and further camouflaged with red blood cell (RBC) membranes (hence named REMAIN). REMAIN was able to effectively transduce miRNA into lung cancer cells and release them via MMP2 responsiveness. Additionally, REMAIN possessed the advantages of the natural RBC membrane, including extended circulation time, lower toxicity, better biocompatibility, and immune escape. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that REMAIN effectively induced apoptosis of lung cancer cells and inhibited LUAD development and progression by targeting ADAM9.

Conclusion

The novel style of stealth and MMP2-activated biomimetic nanoparticles show great potential in miRNA delivery.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-022-01651-4.

Circular RNA NEK6 contributes to the development of non-small-cell lung cancer by competitively binding with miR-382-5p to elevate BCAS2 expression at post-transcriptional level

Background

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the commonest type of lung cancer, which is one of most deadly cancers that possess high morbidity and mortality all over the world. The function of circular RNA NIMA related kinase 6 (circ_NEK6) in NSCLC is still unknown. Therefore, circ_NEK6 is worth studying in detail.

Methods

RT-qPCR and western blot assays were employed to detect gene expression. Colony formation, EdU, JC-1, flow cytometry, and Transwell assays were implemented to explore the function of circ_NEK6 on biological activities of NSCLC cells. Mechanism experiments were conducted to unveil the relationship among molecules.

Results

Circ_NEK6 expression was highly expressed in NSCLC tissues and cells. Functionally, the silencing of circ_NEK6 could effectively suppress NSCLC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Circ_NEK6 sequestered miR-382-5p to fortify the expression of breast carcinoma amplified sequence 2 (BCAS2) in NSCLC. Besides, BCAS2 had tumor-promoting function in NSCLC. Furthermore, the effects of down-regulated circ_NEK6 on the malignant behaviors of NSCLC cells were totally recovered by miR-382-5p inhibition or BCAS2 overexpression.

Conclusions

Circ_NEK6 served as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of BCAS2 by absorbing miR-382-5p, which may be treated as a novel promising target for the treatment of NSCLC.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-021-01617-0.

Long Non-coding RNA Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 14, a Promising Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Malignancy

Small nucleolar RNA host gene 14 (SNHG14) is a long non-coding RNA found to be overexpressed in various types of cancers. Moreover, the expression level of SNHG14 was closely associated with multiple clinicopathological characteristics such as prognosis, tumor differentiation, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis. Functionally, gain- and loss-of-function of SNHG14 revealed that overexpressed SNHG14 promoted cancer cell viability, invasion, and migration, whereas its down-regulation produced the opposite effect. Mechanistically, regulating its target gene expression by sponging distinct miRNAs might be the major mechanism underlying the oncogenic functions of SNHG14. Thus, SNHG14 might be a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for cancers. In this review, we discuss the expression profile, biological function, and molecular mechanisms of SNHG14 in cancers to provide a molecular basis for the clinical utility of SNHG14 in the future.

lncRNA TUG1 promotes atherosclerosis progression by targeting miR-382-5p

OBJECTIVE

Atherosclerosis is a key risk factor for the initiation of cardiovascular disease, which results in high morbidity and mortality. lncRNA taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) has been reported to participate in the development of atherosclerosis. Here, we aimed to investigate the interaction of TUG1 and miR-382-5p in regulating atherosclerosis progression.

METHODS

The levels of TUG1 and miR-382-5p in atherosclerotic serum samples and a cell model were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Pearson correlation analysis was then applied to TUG1 and miR-382-5p expression. Moreover, the interaction between TUG1 and miR-382-5p was confirmed by luciferase assay. The biological interaction between TUG1 and miR-382-5p was also dissected by loss of function analyses, including cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and Caspase-3 assays for cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively, in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-treated human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).

RESULTS

TUG1 and miR-382-5p expressions were significantly increased and decreased, respectively, in both atherosclerotic serum samples and a cell model. In addition, the expression of TUG1 was negatively correlated with the level of miR-382-5p in atherosclerotic serum samples. Moreover, silencing of TUG1 reduced cell growth and enhanced the apoptosis of ox-LDL-treated VSMCs. Notably, a miR-382-5p inhibitor significantly reversed the effect of TUG1 downregulation on ox-LDL-treated VSMCs, which aggravates the process of atherosclerosis.

CONCLUSION

TUG1 can aggravate atherosclerosis progression by reducing the expression of miR-382-5p. This study provides an effective treatment target of atherosclerosis patients based on the TUG1-miR-382-5p axis.

Modulation of miR-382-5p reduces apoptosis of myocardial cells after acute myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a severe cardiovascular condition. Blocking the apoptosis of myocardial cells may mitigate AMI. Excessive expression of Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) plays a protective role in the heart by inhibiting myocardial cell apoptosis. Here, we looked at the mechanism by which miR-382-5p regulates STC1 and affects myocardial cell apoptosis after AMI.

METHODS

An AMI mouse model with a descending anterior ligament coronary artery and an HL-1 cell model with reproducible hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) were established. For pathological changes in myocardial tissues, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling staining and haematoxylin and eosin staining were performed. STC1 mRNA and miR-382-5p levels were measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Protein levels of STC1 and apoptosis-related proteins were measured by western blotting. The 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-di- phenytetrazoliumromide assay was used to detect cell viability, and a dual-luciferase reporter assay was carried out to verify potential targets of miR-382-5p.

RESULTS

The level of miR-382-5p was raised in myocardial tissues of AMI mice and H/R-induced HL-1 cells. Compared with the control group, the myocardial tissue cells in the AMI group were disordered, with evident necrosis of myocardial cells, apoptosis and inflammatory infiltration. Interference with miR-382-5p inhibited myocardial cell apoptosis after H/R, as well as inferior lactate dehydrogenase. Also, miR-382-5p adversely regulated STC1 and the expression of STC1 was increased after transfection with miR-382-5p antagomir. Furthermore, interference with miR-382-5p reduced myocardial cell apoptosis after H/R by increasing the expression level of STC1.

CONCLUSION

To summarise, our study showed an increase in miR-382-5p in myocardial tissues in the AMI mouse model. Interference with miR-382-5p reduced apoptosis of myocardial cells after AMI and the effect was achieved by increasing STC1 expression.

Lidocaine Promoted Ferroptosis by Targeting miR-382-5p /SLC7A11 Axis in Ovarian and Breast Cancer

Ovarian and breast cancer are prevalent female malignancies with increasing occurrence incidence and metastasis, significantly affecting the health and life quality of women globally. Anesthetic lidocaine has presented anti-tumor activities in the experimental conditions. However, the effect of lidocaine on ovarian and breast cancer remains elusive. We identified the important function of lidocaine in enhancing ferroptosis and repressing progression of ovarian and breast cancer. Our data showed that lidocaine further repressed erastin-inhibited ovarian and breast cancer cell viabilities. The treatment of lidocaine induced accumulation of Fe²⁺, iron and lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ovarian and breast cancer cells. The ovarian and breast cancer cell proliferation was suppressed while cell apoptosis was induced by lidocaine in vitro. Lidocaine attenuated invasion and migration of ovarian and breast cancer cells as well. Regarding the mechanism, we found that lidocaine downregulated solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) expression by enhancing microRNA-382-5p (miR-382-5p) in the cells. The inhibition of miR-382-5p blocked lidocaine-induced ferroptosis of ovarian and breast cancer cells. MiR-382-5p/SLC7A11 axis was involved in lidocaine-mediated inhibition of ovarian and breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro. The miR-382-5p expression was down-regulated but SLC7A11 expression was up-regulated in clinical ovarian and breast cancer samples. Furthermore, the treatment of lidocaine repressed tumor growth of ovarian cancer cells in vivo, in which the miR-382-5p expression was increased while SLC7A11 expression was decreased. Consequently, we concluded that the lidocaine promoted ferroptosis by miR-382-5p/SLC7A11 axis in ovarian and breast cancer cells. The clinical value of lidocaine in the treatment of ovarian and breast cancer deserves to be proved in detail.