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Wang M, Pan B, Hu Y, Gao J, Hou L, Yu Z, Li M, Zhao Z. STIL facilitates the development and malignant progression of triple-negative breast cancer through activation of Fanconi anemia pathway via interacting with KLF16. Transl Oncol 2024; 46:102010. [PMID: 38823260 PMCID: PMC11177054 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND STIL is an important cell cycle-regulating protein specifically recruited to the mitotic centrosome to promote the replication of centrioles in dividing cells. However, the potential role of STIL in the regulation of the biological functions of triple-negative breast cancer remains still unclear. METHODS We screened for differentially expressed STIL in the Cancer Genome Atlas database. The expression of STIL protein in 10 pairs of breast cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues was further assessed by western blotting. Functionally, the knockdown and overexpression of STIL have been used to explore the effects of STIL on breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Mechanistically, RNA-seq, dual-luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, mass spectrometry, immunoprecipitation assay, and DNA pull-down assay were performed. RESULTS Breast cancer tissues and cells have higher STIL expression than normal tissues and cells. STIL knockdown impairs breast cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion, whereas STIL overexpression accelerates these processes. STIL promotes breast cancer progression by regulating FANCD2 expression, and exploration of its molecular mechanism demonstrated that STIL interacts with KLF16 to regulate the expression of FANCD2. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings identified STIL as a critical promoter of breast cancer progression that interacts with KLF16 to regulate Fanconi anemia pathway protein FANCD2. In summary, STIL is a potential novel biomarker and therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery & Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Bo Pan
- Department of Breast Surgery & Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Ye Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery & Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Jiyue Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery & Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Lu Hou
- Department of Breast Surgery & Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Zhenlong Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Man Li
- Department of Breast Surgery & Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023 China.
| | - Zuowei Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery & Department of Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023 China.
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2
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Morrissey A, Shi J, James DQ, Mahony S. Accurate allocation of multimapped reads enables regulatory element analysis at repeats. Genome Res 2024; 34:937-951. [PMID: 38986578 PMCID: PMC11293539 DOI: 10.1101/gr.278638.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) and other repetitive regions have been shown to contain gene regulatory elements, including transcription factor binding sites. However, regulatory elements harbored by repeats have proven difficult to characterize using short-read sequencing assays such as ChIP-seq or ATAC-seq. Most regulatory genomics analysis pipelines discard "multimapped" reads that align equally well to multiple genomic locations. Because multimapped reads arise predominantly from repeats, current analysis pipelines fail to detect a substantial portion of regulatory events that occur in repetitive regions. To address this shortcoming, we developed Allo, a new approach to allocate multimapped reads in an efficient, accurate, and user-friendly manner. Allo combines probabilistic mapping of multimapped reads with a convolutional neural network that recognizes the read distribution features of potential peaks, offering enhanced accuracy in multimapping read assignment. Allo also provides read-level output in the form of a corrected alignment file, making it compatible with existing regulatory genomics analysis pipelines and downstream peak-finders. In a demonstration application on CTCF ChIP-seq data, we show that Allo results in the discovery of thousands of new CTCF peaks. Many of these peaks contain the expected cognate motif and/or serve as TAD boundaries. We additionally apply Allo to a diverse collection of ENCODE ChIP-seq data sets, resulting in multiple previously unidentified interactions between transcription factors and repetitive element families. Finally, we show that Allo may be particularly beneficial in identifying ChIP-seq peaks at centromeres, near segmentally duplicated genes, and in younger TEs, enabling new regulatory analyses in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Morrissey
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Jeffrey Shi
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Daniela Q James
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Shaun Mahony
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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3
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Li J, Hong Z, Zhang J, Zheng S, Wan F, Liu Z, Dai B. Lysine methyltransferase SMYD2 enhances androgen receptor signaling to modulate CRPC cell resistance to enzalutamide. Oncogene 2024; 43:744-757. [PMID: 38243079 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-02945-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Androgen receptors (ARs) play key roles in prostate cancer (PCa) progression and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) resistance to drug therapy. SET and MYND domain containing protein 2 (SMYD2), a lysine methyltransferase, has been reported to promote tumors by transcriptionally methylating important oncogenes or tumor repressor genes. However, the role of SMYD2 in CRPC drug resistance remains unclear. In this study, we found that SMYD2 expression was significantly upregulated in PCa tissues and cell lines. High SMYD2 expression indicated poor CRPC-free survival and overall survival in patients. SMYD2 knockdown dramatically inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) potential of 22Rv1 and C4-2 cells. Conversely, ectopic overexpression of SMYD2 promoted these effects in 22Rv1 and C4-2 cells. Mechanistically, SMYD2 methylated and phosphorylated ARs to affect AR ubiquitination and proteasome degradation, which further alters the AR transcriptome in CRPC cells. Importantly, the SMYD2 inhibitor AZ505 had a synergistic therapeutic effect with enzalutamide in CRPC cells and mouse models; however, it could also re-sensitize resistant CRPC cells to enzalutamide. Our findings demonstrated that SMYD2 enhances the methylation and phosphorylation of ARs and affects AR ubiquitination and proteasome degradation to modulate CRPC cell resistance to enzalutamide, indicating that SMYD2 serves as a crucial oncogene in PCa and is an ideal therapeutic target for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Li
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Hong
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengfeng Zheng
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangning Wan
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Dai
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Yuce K, Ozkan AI. The kruppel-like factor (KLF) family, diseases, and physiological events. Gene 2024; 895:148027. [PMID: 38000704 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The Kruppel-Like Factor family of regulatory proteins, which has 18 members, is transcription factors. This family contains zinc finger proteins, regulates the activation and suppression of transcription, and binds to DNA, RNA, and proteins. Klfs related to the immune system are Klf1, Klf2, Klf3, Klf4, Klf6, and Klf14. Klfs related to adipose tissue development and/or glucose metabolism are Klf3, Klf7, Klf9, Klf10, Klf11, Klf14, Klf15, and Klf16. Klfs related to cancer are Klf3, Klf4, Klf5, Klf6, Klf7, Klf8, Klf9, Klf10, Klf11, Klf12, Klf13, Klf14, Klf16, and Klf17. Klfs related to the cardiovascular system are Klf4, Klf5, Klf10, Klf13, Klf14, and Klf15. Klfs related to the nervous system are Klf4, Klf7, Klf8, and Klf9. Klfs are associated with diseases such as carcinogenesis, oxidative stress, diabetes, liver fibrosis, thalassemia, and the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this review is to provide information about the relationship of Klfs with some diseases and physiological events and to guide future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Yuce
- Selcuk University, Medicine Faculty, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Physiology, Konya, Turkiye.
| | - Ahmet Ismail Ozkan
- Artvin Coruh University, Medicinal-Aromatic Plants Application and Research Center, Artvin, Turkiye.
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5
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Simmen FA, Alhallak I, Simmen RCM. Krüppel-like Factor-9 and Krüppel-like Factor-13: Highly Related, Multi-Functional, Transcriptional Repressors and Activators of Oncogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5667. [PMID: 38067370 PMCID: PMC10705314 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Specificity Proteins/Krüppel-like Factors (SP/KLF family) are a conserved family of transcriptional regulators. These proteins share three highly conserved, contiguous zinc fingers in their carboxy-terminus, requisite for binding to cis elements in DNA. Each SP/KLF protein has unique primary sequence within its amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal regions, and it is these regions which interact with co-activators, co-repressors, and chromatin-modifying proteins to support the transcriptional activation and repression of target genes. Krüppel-like Factor 9 (KLF9) and Krüppel-like Factor 13 (KLF13) are two of the smallest members of the SP/KLF family, are paralogous, emerged early in metazoan evolution, and are highly conserved. Paradoxically, while most similar in primary sequence, KLF9 and KLF13 display many distinct roles in target cells. In this article, we summarize the work that has identified the roles of KLF9 (and to a lesser degree KLF13) in tumor suppression or promotion via unique effects on differentiation, pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, and tumor immune cell infiltration. We also highlight the great diversity of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circular RNAs which provide mechanisms for the ubiquitous tumor-specific suppression of KLF9 mRNA and protein. Elucidation of KLF9 and KLF13 in cancer biology is likely to provide new inroads to the understanding of oncogenesis and its prevention and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A. Simmen
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.)
- The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Iad Alhallak
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.)
| | - Rosalia C. M. Simmen
- Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (I.A.); (R.C.M.S.)
- The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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6
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Giarrizzo M, LaComb JF, Bialkowska AB. The Role of Krüppel-like Factors in Pancreatic Physiology and Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108589. [PMID: 37239940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) belong to the family of transcription factors with three highly conserved zinc finger domains in the C-terminus. They regulate homeostasis, development, and disease progression in many tissues. It has been shown that KLFs play an essential role in the endocrine and exocrine compartments of the pancreas. They are necessary to maintain glucose homeostasis and have been implicated in the development of diabetes. Furthermore, they can be a vital tool in enabling pancreas regeneration and disease modeling. Finally, the KLF family contains proteins that act as tumor suppressors and oncogenes. A subset of members has a biphasic function, being upregulated in the early stages of oncogenesis and stimulating its progression and downregulated in the late stages to allow for tumor dissemination. Here, we describe KLFs' function in pancreatic physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Giarrizzo
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Joseph F LaComb
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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7
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Zhang Y, Yao C, Ju Z, Jiao D, Hu D, Qi L, Liu S, Wu X, Zhao C. Krüppel-like factors in tumors: Key regulators and therapeutic avenues. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1080720. [PMID: 36761967 PMCID: PMC9905823 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1080720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a group of DNA-binding transcriptional regulators with multiple essential functions in various cellular processes, including proliferation, migration, inflammation, and angiogenesis. The aberrant expression of KLFs is often found in tumor tissues and is essential for tumor development. At the molecular level, KLFs regulate multiple signaling pathways and mediate crosstalk among them. Some KLFs may also be molecular switches for specific biological signals, driving their transition from tumor suppressors to promoters. At the histological level, the abnormal expression of KLFs is closely associated with tumor cell stemness, proliferation, apoptosis, and alterations in the tumor microenvironment. Notably, the role of each KLF in tumors varies according to tumor type and different stages of tumor development rather than being invariant. In this review, we focus on the advances in the molecular biology of KLFs, particularly the regulations of several classical signaling pathways by these factors, and the critical role of KLFs in tumor development. We also highlight their strong potential as molecular targets in tumor therapy and suggest potential directions for clinical translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongjie Yao
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyong Ju
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danli Jiao
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Hu
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Qi
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shimin Liu
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueqing Wu
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Chen Zhao, ; Xueqing Wu,
| | - Chen Zhao
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Chen Zhao, ; Xueqing Wu,
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8
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Yang Z, Wang YX, Wen JK, Gao HT, Han ZW, Qi JC, Gu JF, Zhao CM, Zhang H, Shi B, Wang DD, Wang XL, Qu CB. SF3B4 promotes Twist1 expression and clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression by facilitating the export of KLF 16 mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:26. [PMID: 36639679 PMCID: PMC9839716 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05534-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Splicing factor 3B subunit 4 (SF3B4) plays important functional roles not only in pre-mRNA splicing, but also in the regulation of transcription, translation, and cell signaling, and its dysregulation contributes to various diseases including Nager syndrome and tumorigenesis. However, the role of SF3B4 and underlying mechanisms in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain obscure. In the present study, we found that the expression of SF3B4 was significantly elevated in ccRCC tissues and negatively correlated with the overall survival of ccRCC patients. Upregulation of SF3B4 promotes migration and invasion of ccRCC cells in vitro and in vivo. The promoting effect of SF3B4 on cell migration and invasion is mediated by Twist1, a key transcription factor to mediate EMT. Interestingly, SF3B4, a component of the pre-mRNA spliceosome, is able to promote KLF16 expression by facilitating the transport of KLF16 mRNA into the cytoplasm. Mechanistically, SF3B4 promotes the export of KLF16 mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and thus enhances KLF16 expression, and in turn elevated KLF16 directly binds to the Twist1 promoter to activate its transcription, leading to EMT and ccRCC progression. Our findings provide evidence that the SF3B4-KLF16-Twist1 axis plays important functional roles in the development and progression of ccRCC, and manipulating this pathway may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping W Rd, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Talent and Academic Exchange Center, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhang, China
| | - Ya-Xuan Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping W Rd, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Jin-Kun Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 Zhongshan E Rd, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Hai-Tao Gao
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping W Rd, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Zhen-Wei Han
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping W Rd, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Jin-Chun Qi
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping W Rd, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Jun-Fei Gu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping W Rd, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Chen-Ming Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping W Rd, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping W Rd, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Bei Shi
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping W Rd, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping W Rd, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping W Rd, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Chang-Bao Qu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping W Rd, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
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9
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Mi W, Zheng Z, Lu JD, Duan SQ, Zhang J, Zhang HQ, Ding YX, Yin J, Cao F, Zhang J, Li F. KLF16 promotes pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and migration by positively regulating SMAD6. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:2157-2169. [PMID: 36438710 PMCID: PMC9694270 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i11.2157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a cancerous tumor with an extremely poor 5-year survival rate. The exploration of biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of PAAD is crucial in clinical practice. Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are involved in a variety of biological functions in cells. According to multiple studies, KLF16 behave as an oncogene in prostate, breast and gastric cancers. However, no research has been done on the significance of KLF16 in PAAD.
AIM To explore the molecular mechanisms of KLF16 in PAAD.
METHODS KLF16 was identified in the tumor specimens and normal tissues by GEPIA database and verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Knockdown or exogenous expression of KLF16, combined with in vitro and in vivo assays, was performed to show the functional significance of KLF16. The molecular mechanism of KLF16 was demonstrated by qRT-PCR, western blotting, immunoprecipitation assay and flow cytometry.
RESULTS We showed that KLF16 was highly expressed in PAAD patients based on the GEPIA database. KLF16 silencing suppressed while KLF16 overexpression promoted the malignant function of PAAD cells. Based on RNA sequencing, we discovered that KLF16 potentiated the expression of SMAD6 in PAAD cells. SMAD6 transcript abundance was increased and positively correlated with KLF16 expression in PAAD samples. In addition, inhibiting SMAD6 was able to mitigate the effects of KLF16 overexpression on PAAD cell processes, suggesting the importance of SMAD6 in the development of KLF16-triggered PAAD.
CONCLUSION KLF16/SMAD6 axis might be explored as a therapeutic target for PAAD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mi
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiong-Di Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Shu-Quan Duan
- Department of Digestive Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014030, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hai-Qiao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
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10
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Li L, Zhang X, Li Y, Xiao B, Pei S, Jiang H, Zhang X. Transcription factor KLF16 activates MAGT1 to regulate the tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer. Int J Mol Med 2022; 50:115. [PMID: 35796007 PMCID: PMC9282640 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. The present study aimed to explore the role of magnesium transporter protein 1 (MAGT1) in breast cancer and to illustrate the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to explore the association between MAGT1 expression and patients with breast cancer. MTT, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to examine the proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities of MCF-7 cells. Western blot analysis was conducted to determine the corresponding protein expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays were carried out to reveal the interaction between MAGT1 and the Kruppel-like factor 16 (KLF16). In addition, an experimental animal model was established by the subcutaneous injection of MCF-7 cells into BALB/c nude mice, and tumor weight and size were measured. The results revealed that MAGT1 expression was upregulated in breast cancer. MAGT1 knockdown significantly suppressed the MCF-7 cell proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities, and downregulated the protein expression of Ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, MMP2 and MMP9. MAGT1 knockdown also markedly suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, KLF6 could bind to the MAGT1 promoter and positively regulate MAGT1 expression. The inhibitory effects of KLF6 knockdown on cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo were partly abolished by MAGT1 overexpression. On the whole, the findings of the present study suggest that MAGT1 knockdown exerts notable inhibitory effects on the progression of breast cancer, providing a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yuqi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637003, P.R. China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Nanchong Jialing District People's Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan 637931, P.R. China
| | - Sibiao Pei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637003, P.R. China
| | - Hangyu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637003, P.R. China
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Jiao X, Gao W, Ren H, Wu Y, Li T, Li S, Yan H. Kruppel like factor 16 promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression by upregulating lamin B2. Bioengineered 2022; 13:9482-9494. [PMID: 35387557 PMCID: PMC9161888 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2060780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death. In the past decade, the treatment and diagnosis of lung cancer have progressed significantly in early efforts to promote the survival of lung cancer patients. Kruppel like factor 16 (KLF16) is a zinc finger transcription factor that regulates a diverse array of developmental events and cellular processes. KLF16 is involved in the progression of various cancer types. However, the role of KLF16 in the development of lung cancer remains unknown. In this study, KLF16 was overexpressed in lung cancer samples. KLF16 downregulation inhibited lung cancer cell proliferation and migration. Conversely, KLF16 overexpression promoted lung cancer cell growth and invasion. Mechanistically, the expression level LMNB2 was suppressed by KLF16 knockdown and was promoted by KLF16 overexpression. The overall survival of patients with high LMNB2 levels was poor. Luciferase assays showed that KLF16 promoted the transcription activity of LMNB2 gene. Concomitantly, the expression level of LMNB2 was also higher in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) than in normal tissues, and its knockdown or overexpression can reverse the effect of KLF16 overexpression or knockdown on lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, and even tumorigenesis, indicating that LMNB2 also functions as an oncogene. In conclusion, KLF16 can be used as a potential therapeutic and preventive biomarker in lung cancer treatment and prognosis by actively regulating the expression of LMNB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Jiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Weinian Gao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hongxin Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yuanshi County Hospital, Yunshi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanning Wu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Tiezhi Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shujun Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hongjiang Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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12
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Chen X, Wang P, Ou T, Li J. KLF16 Downregulates the Expression of Tumor Suppressor Gene TGFBR3 to Promote Bladder Cancer Proliferation and Migration. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:465-477. [PMID: 35173481 PMCID: PMC8841319 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s334521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Krüppel-like factors (KLFs), which comprise 17 family members, exert important functions during the development of cancer. The role of KLF16 seems controversial in carcinogenesis because both tumor suppressive and promoting effects have been reported. Methods The expression level of KLF16 was analyzed based on public data sets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and evaluated by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. CCK8 assay, colony formation analysis, transwell assays and the PI/Annexin V-APC assay kit were performed to detect cell growth, colony formation, cell migration and apoptosis of BC cells. Xenograft tumorigenesis assay was performed to detect the KLF16 expression on BC growth in vivo. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR assay were performed to analyze the interaction between KLF16 and its target. Results In this study, we explored the role of KLF16 in bladder cancer (BC). We demonstrated that KLF16 was overexpressed in human BC tissues. The high expression of KLF16 was a potential predictor of a poor prognosis in patients with BC. Interference with KLF16 expression in 563 cells, having relatively higher levels of KLF16, repressed cell proliferation and migration. In contrast, upregulation of KLF16 in T24 cells enhanced cellular function, including cell growth and migration. KLF16 also suppressed the apoptosis of BC cells. Additionally, KLF16 inhibited the expression of the TGF-type III receptor (TGFBR3) by binding to its promoter sequence and reducing transcriptional activity. There was a negative correlation between KLF16 and TGFBR3 in human BC tissues. Furthermore, TGFBR3 was revealed to be a negative regulator of BC cell proliferation and migration. KLF16 also supported BC tumorigenesis by downregulating TGFBR3 expression in vivo. Discussion These results suggested that KLF16 acts as an oncogene in BC through transcriptional inactivation of TGFBR3. This study provides evidence that targeting the KLF16/TGFBR3 axis may be beneficial for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Chen
- Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital of The Capital Medical University, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaosong Chen, Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital of The Capital Medical University, Xuanwu Hospital, No. 45, Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-10-83198899, Email
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of General Practice, Beijing Xicheng District White Paper Community Health Service Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongwen Ou
- Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital of The Capital Medical University, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Urology, Xuanwu Hospital of The Capital Medical University, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Yang L, Shi YL, Ma Y, Ren WW, Pang GM, Liu J. Silencing KLF16 inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis. APMIS 2021; 130:43-52. [PMID: 34779529 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 16 (KLF16), a member of the Krüppel-like factor (KLF) family, has been extensively investigated in multiple cancer types. However, the role of KLF16 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unknown. Thus, we conducted this study to investigate its related mechanism. KLF16 expression in OSCC cell lines was quantified by western blotting. Then, OECM1 and OC3 cells were divided into Blank, siCtrl, siKLF16#1 and siKLF16#2 groups. Subsequently, cell proliferation was detected using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, cell migration and invasion were detected with wound healing and Transwell assays, and cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis were detected via flow cytometry. KLF16, p21, CDK4, Cyclin D1 and p-Rb expression was detected by western blotting. Finally, xenograft models were established in nude mice to observe the in vivo effects of KLF16 on OSCC. KLF16 protein expression was upregulated in OSCC cells. Compared to the cells in the Blank group, the OECM1 and OC3 cells in the siKLF16#1 group and siKLF16#2 group exhibited a sharp decrease in proliferation but a remarkable increase in apoptosis. Moreover, the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase notably increased and that in the S phase decreased, with evident decreases in cell invasion and migration. Moreover, KLF16, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), Cyclin D1 and p-Rb protein expression was upregulated, but p21 expression was downregulated. The mice in the siKLF16#1 and siKLF16#2 xenograft model groups exhibited slower tumour growth and smaller tumours with evident downregulation of Ki67 expression compared to the mice in the Blank group. KLF16 expression was upregulated in OSCC cells, and interfering with KLF16 led to cell cycle arrest, inhibited OSCC cell growth and promoted cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Dongfeng Stomatological Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - You-Ling Shi
- Department of Orthodontics, Dongfeng Stomatological Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Orthodontics, Dongfeng Stomatological Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei-Wei Ren
- Department of Pediatric Stomatology, Dongfeng Stomatological Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guang-Ming Pang
- Department of Orthodontics, Dongfeng Stomatological Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Pediatric Stomatology, Dongfeng Stomatological Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
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