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Li Q, Zhang Y, Jin P, Chen Y, Zhang C, Geng X, Mun KS, Phang KC. New insights into the potential of exosomal circular RNAs in mediating cancer chemotherapy resistance and their clinical applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117027. [PMID: 38925018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance typically leads to tumour recurrence and is a major obstacle to cancer treatment. Increasing numbers of circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been confirmed to be abnormally expressed in various tumours, where they participate in the malignant progression of tumours, and play important roles in regulating the sensitivity of tumours to chemotherapy drugs. As exosomes mediate intercellular communication, they are rich in circRNAs and exhibit a specific RNA cargo sorting mechanism. By carrying and delivering circRNAs, exosomes can promote the efflux of chemotherapeutic drugs and reduce intracellular drug concentrations in recipient cells, thus affecting the cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis, invasion and migration. The mechanisms that affect the phenotype of tumour stem cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and DNA damage repair also mediate chemotherapy resistance in many tumours. Exosomal circRNAs are diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for reversing chemotherapy resistance in tumours. Currently, the rise of new fields, such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, and new technologies such as biosensors, multimolecular diagnostic systems and platforms based on circRNAs, as well as the application of exosome-based vaccines, has provided novel ideas for precision cancer treatment. In this review, the recent progress in understanding how exosomal circRNAs mediate tumour chemotherapy resistance is reviewed, and the potential of exosomal circRNAs in tumour diagnosis, treatment and immune regulation is discussed, providing new ideas for inhibiting tumour chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China; Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Peikan Jin
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Yepeng Chen
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Chuchu Zhang
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Xiuchao Geng
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China.
| | - Kein Seong Mun
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Kean Chang Phang
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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2
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Hashemi M, Esbati N, Rashidi M, Gholami S, Raesi R, Bidoki SS, Goharrizi MASB, Motlagh YSM, Khorrami R, Tavakolpournegari A, Nabavi N, Zou R, Mohammadnahal L, Entezari M, Taheriazam A, Hushmandi K. Biological landscape and nanostructural view in development and reversal of oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer. Transl Oncol 2024; 40:101846. [PMID: 38042134 PMCID: PMC10716031 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of cancer patients has been mainly followed using chemotherapy and it is a gold standard in improving prognosis and survival rate of patients. Oxaliplatin (OXA) is a third-platinum anti-cancer agent that reduces DNA synthesis in cancer cells to interfere with their growth and cell cycle progression. In spite of promising results of using OXA in cancer chemotherapy, the process of drug resistance has made some challenges. OXA is commonly applied in treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) as a malignancy of gastrointestinal tract and when CRC cells increase their proliferation and metastasis, they can obtain resistance to OXA chemotherapy. A number of molecular factors such as CHK2, SIRT1, c-Myc, LATS2 and FOXC1 have been considered as regulators of OXA response in CRC cells. The non-coding RNAs are able to function as master regulator of other molecular pathways in modulating OXA resistance. There is a close association between molecular mechanisms such as apoptosis, autophagy, glycolysis and EMT with OXA resistance, so that apoptosis inhibition, pro-survival autophagy induction and stimulation of EMT and glycolysis can induce OXA resistance in CRC cells. A number of anti-tumor compounds including astragaloside IV, resveratrol and nobiletin are able to enhance OXA sensitivity in CRC cells. Nanoparticles for increasing potential of OXA in CRC suppression and reversing OXA resistance have been employed in cancer chemotherapy. These subjects are covered in this review article to shed light on molecular factors resulting in OXA resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Esbati
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sadaf Gholami
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Raesi
- Department of Health Services Management, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Shahabadin Bidoki
- Faculty of medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | | | - Ramin Khorrami
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Tavakolpournegari
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rongjun Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Leila Mohammadnahal
- Department of Health Services Management, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Hussen BM, Abdullah ST, Abdullah SR, Younis YM, Hidayat HJ, Rasul MF, Mohamadtahr S. Exosomal non-coding RNAs: Blueprint in colorectal cancer metastasis and therapeutic targets. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:615-632. [PMID: 37767111 PMCID: PMC10520679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked as the world's third-most prevalent cancer, and metastatic CRC considerably increases cancer-related fatalities globally. A number of complex mechanisms that are strictly controlled at the molecular level are involved in metastasis, which is the primary reason for death in people with CRC. Recently, it has become clear that exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles released by non-tumorous and tumorigenic cells, play a critical role as communication mediators among tumor microenvironment (TME). To facilitate communication between the TME and cancer cells, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a crucial role and are recognized as potent regulators of gene expression and cellular processes, such as metastasis and drug resistance. NcRNAs are now recognized as potent regulators of gene expression and many hallmarks of cancer, including metastasis. Exosomal ncRNAs, like miRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs, have been demonstrated to influence a number of cellular mechanisms that contribute to CRC metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms that link exosomal ncRNAs with CRC metastasis are not well understood. This review highlights the essential roles that exosomal ncRNAs play in the progression of CRC metastatic disease and explores the therapeutic choices that are open to patients who have CRC metastases. However, exosomal ncRNA treatment strategy development is still in its early phases; consequently, additional investigation is required to improve delivery methods and find novel therapeutic targets as well as confirm the effectiveness and safety of these therapies in preclinical and clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, 44001, Iraq
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Sara Tharwat Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Snur Rasool Abdullah
- Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Yousif Mohammed Younis
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Hazha Jamal Hidayat
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Fatih Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Sayran Mohamadtahr
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Kurdistan Region, Erbil, Iraq
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4
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Weidle UH, Nopora A. Up-regulated Circular RNAs in Colorectal Cancer: New Entities for Therapy and Tools for Identification of Therapeutic Targets. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2023; 20:132-153. [PMID: 36870691 PMCID: PMC9989668 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with disseminated colorectal cancer have a dismal prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of only 13%. In order to identify new treatment modalities and new targets, we searched the literature for up-regulated circular RNAs in colorectal cancer which induce tumor growth in corresponding preclinical in vivo models. We identified nine circular RNAs that mediate resistance against chemotherapeutic agents, seven that up-regulate transmembrane receptors, five that induce secreted factors, nine that activate signaling components, five which up-regulate enzymes, six which activate actin-related proteins, six which induce transcription factors and two which up-regulate the MUSASHI family of RNA binding proteins. All of the circular RNAs discussed in this paper induce the corresponding targets by sponging microRNAs (miRs) and can be inhibited by RNAi or shRNA in vitro and in xenograft models. We have focused on circular RNAs with demonstrated activity in preclinical in vivo models because the latter is an important milestone in drug development. All circular RNAs with in vitro activity only data are not referenced in this review. The translational impact of inhibition of these circular RNAs and of the identified targets for treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Adam Nopora
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
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5
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Ma SC, Zhang JQ, Yan TH, Miao MX, Cao YM, Cao YB, Zhang LC, Li L. Novel strategies to reverse chemoresistance in colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 36645225 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common gastrointestinal malignancy with high morbidity and fatality. Chemotherapy, as traditional therapy for CRC, has exerted well antitumor effect and greatly improved the survival of CRC patients. Nevertheless, chemoresistance is one of the major problems during chemotherapy for CRC and significantly limits the efficacy of the treatment and influences the prognosis of patients. To overcome chemoresistance in CRC, many strategies are being investigated. Here, we review the common and novel measures to combat the resistance, including drug repurposing (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, metformin, dichloroacetate, enalapril, ivermectin, bazedoxifene, melatonin, and S-adenosylmethionine), gene therapy (ribozymes, RNAi, CRISPR/Cas9, epigenetic therapy, antisense oligonucleotides, and noncoding RNAs), protein inhibitor (EFGR inhibitor, S1PR2 inhibitor, and DNA methyltransferase inhibitor), natural herbal compounds (polyphenols, terpenoids, quinones, alkaloids, and sterols), new drug delivery system (nanocarriers, liposomes, exosomes, and hydrogels), and combination therapy. These common or novel strategies for the reversal of chemoresistance promise to improve the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chang Ma
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutic University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Qi Zhang
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Hua Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutic University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Xing Miao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutic University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye-Min Cao
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Bing Cao
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Chao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Luo ZD, Wang YF, Zhao YX, Yu LC, Li T, Fan YJ, Zeng SJ, Zhang YL, Zhang Y, Zhang X. Emerging roles of non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer oxaliplatin resistance and liquid biopsy potential. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:1-18. [PMID: 36683709 PMCID: PMC9850945 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies of the digestive tract, with the annual incidence and mortality increasing consistently. Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy is a preferred therapeutic regimen for patients with advanced CRC. However, most patients will inevitably develop resistance to oxaliplatin. Many studies have reported that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, are extensively involved in cancer progression. Moreover, emerging evidence has revealed that ncRNAs mediate chemoresistance to oxaliplatin by transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, and by epigenetic modification. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which ncRNAs regulate the initiation and development of CRC chemoresistance to oxaliplatin. Furthermore, we investigate the clinical application of ncRNAs as promising biomarkers for liquid CRC biopsy. This review provides new insights into overcoming oxaliplatin resistance in CRC by targeting ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Dong Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu-Xiao Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Long-Chen Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying-Jing Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shun-Jie Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan-Li Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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7
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Fang G, Xu D, Zhang T, Wang G, Qiu L, Gao X, Miao Y. Biological functions, mechanisms, and clinical significance of circular RNA in colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1138481. [PMID: 36950552 PMCID: PMC10025547 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1138481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide due to the lack of effective diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers and therapeutic targets, resulting in poor patient survival rates. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a type of endogenous non-coding RNA (ncRNA) with a closed-loop structure that plays a crucial role in physiological processes and pathological diseases. Recent studies indicate that circRNAs are involved in the diagnosis, prognosis, drug resistance, and development of tumors, particularly in CRC. Therefore, circRNA could be a potential new target for improving CRC diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. This review focuses on the origin and biological functions of circRNA, summarizes recent research on circRNA's role in CRC, and discusses the potential use of circRNAs as clinical biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, as well as therapeutic targets for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guida Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical College of Lianyungang Second People’s Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Lianyungang, China
| | - Dalai Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang City, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical College of Lianyungang Second People’s Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Lianyungang, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang City, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Lei Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang City, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xuzhu Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical College of Lianyungang Second People’s Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Lianyungang, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang City, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
- Institute of Clinical Oncology, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang City (Cancer Hospital of Lianyungang), Lianyungang, China
- *Correspondence: Yongchang Miao, ; Xuzhu Gao,
| | - Yongchang Miao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Clinical College of Lianyungang Second People’s Hospital, Bengbu Medical College, Lianyungang, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang City, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
- *Correspondence: Yongchang Miao, ; Xuzhu Gao,
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Mavreli D, Theodora M, Avgeris M, Papantoniou N, Antsaklis P, Daskalakis G, Kolialexi A. First Trimester Maternal Plasma Aberrant miRNA Expression Associated with Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314972. [PMID: 36499299 PMCID: PMC9735892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous Preterm Delivery (sPTD) is one of the leading causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. The present case−control study aims to detect miRNAs differentially expressed in the first trimester maternal plasma with the view to identify predictive biomarkers for sPTD, between 320/7 and 366/7 weeks, that will allow for timely interventions for this serious pregnancy complication. Small RNA sequencing (small RNA-seq) of five samples from women with a subsequent sPTD and their matched controls revealed significant down-regulation of miR-23b-5p and miR-125a-3p in sPTD cases compared to controls, whereas miR-4732-5p was significantly overexpressed. Results were confirmed by qRT-PCR in an independent cohort of 29 sPTD cases and 29 controls. Statistical analysis demonstrated that miR-125a is a promising early predictor for sPTL (AUC: 0.895; 95% CI: 0.814-0.972; p < 0.001), independent of the confounding factors tested, providing a useful basis for the development of a novel non-invasive predictive test to assist clinicians in estimating patient-specific risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danai Mavreli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 79 Athens, Greece
| | - Mariana Theodora
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 79 Athens, Greece
| | - Margaritis Avgeris
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry–Molecular Diagnostics, Second Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “P. & A. Kyriakou” Children’s Hospital, 106 79 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolas Papantoniou
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 79 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Antsaklis
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 79 Athens, Greece
| | - George Daskalakis
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 79 Athens, Greece
| | - Aggeliki Kolialexi
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Child Health, 106 79 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-7467462; Fax: +210-7795553
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Xiao Y, Qiu M, Tan C, Huang W, Hu S, Jiang X, Guo M, Wang C, Liang J, Wu Y, Li M, Li Q, Qin C. Systematic analysis of circRNA biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy in colorectal cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:938672. [PMID: 36313458 PMCID: PMC9597305 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.938672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a serious threat to people's health. In recent years, circRNA has been widely reported as a new biomarker in CRC, but a comprehensive summary and analysis is lacking. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic significance of circRNAs in CRC by systematically analysing their expression patterns, biological functions and clinical significance in CRC. The literature on circRNA in CRC was searched in the PubMed database and included for analysis after screening according to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. The UALCAN online tool was used to obtain host gene expression data. The miRTargetLink 2.0 was used to predict target genes for miRNAs action in CRC patients. Cytoscape was used to construct circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction networks. From the 236 included papers, we identified 217 circRNAs and their associated 108 host genes and 145 miRNAs. Among the 145 miRNAs, 27 miRNAs had no corresponding target genes. After prediction of target genes and differential analysis, a total of 25 target genes were obtained and a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction network was constructed. Among the 217 circRNAs, 74 were associated with diagnosis, 160 with treatment and 51 with prognosis. And 154 of them function as oncogenes while 58 as tumour suppressor genes. In addition, these circRNAs include 32 exosomal circRNAs, which have unique advantages as biomarkers. In total, we summarize and analyze the expression patterns, biological functions and clinical significance of circRNAs in CRC. In addition, we constructed some new circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory axes based on the miRNAs sponged by circRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengyuan Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Tan
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wanting Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaowen Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingjie Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jingyu Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yimei Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Cell Signal Transduction Laboratory, Bioinformatics Center, Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Quanying Li
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Changjiang Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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10
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Liu W, Jiang H, Li Y. Silencing circular RNA-friend leukemia virus integration 1 restrained malignancy of CC cells and oxaliplatin resistance by disturbing dyskeratosis congenita 1. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:563-576. [PMID: 35647294 PMCID: PMC9123302 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular-RNA friend leukemia virus integration 1 (circ-FLI1; hsa_circ_0000370) is a noninvasive biomarker for the diagnosis of colon carcinoma (CC). Herein, we intended to investigate its functions and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanisms in CC cells. In terms of expression status, circ-FLI1 was abnormally upregulated in CC patients’ tumors and cells, paralleled with DKC1 upregulation and miR-197-3p downregulation. Most strikingly, there was a direct target relationship between miR-197-3p and circ-FLI1 or DKC1 based on the starbase database, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation. Functionally, the colony formation assay, MTS method, fluorescence-activated cell sorting method, cell cycle and apoptosis assays, and transwell assays were performed, and the results revealed that interfering circ-FLI1 and re-expressing miR-197-3p could restrict colony formation, cell viability, cell cycle progression, and migration/invasion of CC cells with apoptosis rate elevation; besides, they promoted oxaliplatin (L-OHP)-induced cell viability inhibition. Furthermore, there were counteractive effects between circ-FLI1 silencing and miR-197-3p depletion, miR-197-3p overexpression and DKC1 restoration on regulating CC cell functions and L-OHP resistance. With a xenograft tumor model, the anti-growth role of circ-FLI1 silencing was also found in vivo with or without L-OHP treatment. Collectively, we demonstrated that circ-FLI1 might confer L-OHP resistance and malignant progression of CC presumably through the circ-FLI1/miR-197-3p/DKC1 ceRNA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University , Phase 3, Jiangshan Duojiao, Wujiagang District , Yichang City , Hubei, 443000 , China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University , Phase 3, Jiangshan Duojiao, Wujiagang District , Yichang City , Hubei, 443000 , China
| | - Yuanqiang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University , Phase 3, Jiangshan Duojiao, Wujiagang District , Yichang City , Hubei, 443000 , China
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11
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Wang S, Qian L, Cao T, Xu L, Jin Y, Hu H, Fu Q, Li Q, Wang Y, Wang J, Xia Y, Huang X. Advances in the Study of CircRNAs in Tumor Drug Resistance. Front Oncol 2022; 12:868363. [PMID: 35615158 PMCID: PMC9125088 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.868363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that circRNAs can affect tumor DNA damage and repair, apoptosis, proliferation, and invasion and influence the transport of intratumor substances by acting as miRNA sponges and transcriptional regulators and binding to proteins in a variety of ways. However, research on the role of circRNAs in cancer radiotherapy and chemoresistance is still in its early stages. Chemotherapy is a common approach to oncology treatment, but the development of tumor resistance limits the overall clinical efficacy of chemotherapy for cancer patients. The current study suggests that circRNAs have a facilitative or inhibitory effect on the development of resistance to conventional chemotherapy in a variety of tumors, suggesting that circRNAs may serve as a new direction for the study of antitumor drug resistance. In this review, we will briefly discuss the biological features of circRNAs and summarize the recent progression of the involvement of circRNAs in the development and pathogenesis of cancer chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Long Qian
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Tingting Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Qingsheng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yabin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiaoxu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxu Huang,
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12
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Dashti F, Mirazimi SMA, Rabiei N, Fathazam R, Rabiei N, Piroozmand H, Vosough M, Rahimian N, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. The role of non-coding RNAs in chemotherapy for gastrointestinal cancers. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:892-926. [PMID: 34760336 PMCID: PMC8551789 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including colorectal, gastric, hepatic, esophageal, and pancreatic tumors, are responsible for large numbers of deaths around the world. Chemotherapy is the most common approach used to treat advanced GI cancer. However, chemoresistance has emerged as a critical challenge that prevents successful tumor elimination, leading to metastasis and recurrence. Chemoresistance mechanisms are complex, and many factors and pathways are involved. Among these factors, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are critical regulators of GI tumor development and subsequently can induce resistance to chemotherapy. This occurs because ncRNAs can target multiple signaling pathways, affect downstream genes, and modulate proliferation, apoptosis, tumor cell migration, and autophagy. ncRNAs can also induce cancer stem cell features and affect the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Thus, ncRNAs could possibly act as new targets in chemotherapy combinations to treat GI cancer and to predict treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Dashti
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Nikta Rabiei
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Fathazam
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negin Rabiei
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Haleh Piroozmand
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Rahimian
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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13
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Zhang S, Sun J, Gu M, Wang G, Wang X. Circular RNA: A promising new star for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2021; 10:8725-8740. [PMID: 34796685 PMCID: PMC8683543 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract. According to the research of circular RNAs in the CRC field, compared with linear RNAs, circular RNAs are a special type of noncoding RNA that are covalently closed circular structures, which have no 5' cap structure and 3' polyA tail and are not affected by RNA exonuclease and actinomycin D. Biological functions Notably, circular RNAs have a high degree of stability and potential effect on gene regulation. Meanwhile, circular RNAs are involved in the sponge action of microRNAs and mediate protein translation and direct binding, alternative splicing, and histone modification. Relationships with CRC Studies have shown that circular RNAs are related to the proliferation, invasion, recurrence, metastasis, ferroptosis, apoptosis, and chemotherapy resistance of CRC. Conclusions This article provides a brief review based on the source, structural characteristics, mechanisms, biological functions of circular RNAs, and the relationships between CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunhao Zhang
- Graduate School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Graduate School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Minqi Gu
- Graduate School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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14
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Lin JC, Zhu NX, Wu LF. Research progress of circRNAs in chemotherapy resistance of digestive system neoplasms. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:1237-1247. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i21.1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of noncoding RNA molecules with a unique closed continuous loop structure. CircRNAs are abundant in eukaryotic cells, have unique stability and tissue specificity, and can play a biological regulatory role at various levels, such as transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Accumulating evidence indicates that circRNAs play critical roles in tumor genesis, development, and chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is a primary type of intervention for most cancers, but its therapeutic efficacy is usually retarded by intrinsic and acquired resistance. CircRNAs regulate tumor chemoresistance through various molecular mechanisms, such as affecting apoptosis, promoting drug transportation, promoting DNA repair, promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, regulating the characteristics of tumor stem cells, and affecting autophagy. This review summarizes the recent progress and mechanisms of circRNAs in cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Chun Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Nan-Xing Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ling-Fei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
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15
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Radanova M, Mihaylova G, Nazifova-Tasinova N, Levkova M, Tasinov O, Ivanova D, Mihaylova Z, Donev I. Oncogenic Functions and Clinical Significance of Circular RNAs in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3395. [PMID: 34298612 PMCID: PMC8303601 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked as the second most commonly diagnosed disease in females and the third in males worldwide. Therefore, the finding of new more reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis, for prediction of metastasis, and resistance to conventional therapies is an important challenge in overcoming the disease. The current review presents circular RNAs (circRNAs) with their unique features as potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers in CRC. The review highlights the mechanism of action and the role of circRNAs with oncogenic functions in the CRC as well as the association between their expression and clinicopathological characteristics of CRC patients. The comprehension of the role of oncogenic circRNAs in CRC pathogenesis is growing rapidly and the next step is using them as suitable new drug targets in the personalized treatment of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Radanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (M.R.); (G.M.); (N.N.-T.); (O.T.); (D.I.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital “St. Marina”, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Galya Mihaylova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (M.R.); (G.M.); (N.N.-T.); (O.T.); (D.I.)
| | - Neshe Nazifova-Tasinova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (M.R.); (G.M.); (N.N.-T.); (O.T.); (D.I.)
| | - Mariya Levkova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | - Oskan Tasinov
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (M.R.); (G.M.); (N.N.-T.); (O.T.); (D.I.)
| | - Desislava Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (M.R.); (G.M.); (N.N.-T.); (O.T.); (D.I.)
| | - Zhasmina Mihaylova
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, Military Medical Academy, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Ivan Donev
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, Hospital Nadezhda, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
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16
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Bley N, Hmedat A, Müller S, Rolnik R, Rausch A, Lederer M, Hüttelmaier S. Musashi-1-A Stemness RBP for Cancer Therapy? BIOLOGY 2021; 10:407. [PMID: 34062997 PMCID: PMC8148009 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein Musashi-1 (MSI1) promotes stemness during development and cancer. By controlling target mRNA turnover and translation, MSI1 is implicated in the regulation of cancer hallmarks such as cell cycle or Notch signaling. Thereby, the protein enhanced cancer growth and therapy resistance to standard regimes. Due to its specific expression pattern and diverse functions, MSI1 represents an interesting target for cancer therapy in the future. In this review we summarize previous findings on MSI1's implications in developmental processes of other organisms. We revisit MSI1's expression in a set of solid cancers, describe mechanistic details and implications in MSI1 associated cancer hallmark pathways and highlight current research in drug development identifying the first MSI1-directed inhibitors with anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Bley
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (S.M.); (R.R.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (S.H.)
- Core Facility Imaging, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Ali Hmedat
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (S.M.); (R.R.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Simon Müller
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (S.M.); (R.R.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Robin Rolnik
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (S.M.); (R.R.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Alexander Rausch
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (S.M.); (R.R.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (S.H.)
- Core Facility Imaging, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Marcell Lederer
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (S.M.); (R.R.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle/Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt–Mothes–Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany; (A.H.); (S.M.); (R.R.); (A.R.); (M.L.); (S.H.)
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Micallef I, Baron B. The Mechanistic Roles of ncRNAs in Promoting and Supporting Chemoresistance of Colorectal Cancer. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:24. [PMID: 33807355 PMCID: PMC8103280 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies which has quite a high mortality rate. Despite the advances made in CRC treatment, effective therapy is still quite challenging, particularly due to resistance arising throughout the treatment regimen. Several studies have been carried out to identify CRC chemoresistance mechanisms, with research showing different signalling pathways, certain ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), among others to be responsible for the failure of CRC chemotherapies. In the last decade, it has become increasingly evident that certain non-coding RNA (ncRNA) families are involved in chemoresistance. Research investigations have demonstrated that dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) contribute towards promoting resistance in CRC via different mechanisms. Considering the currently available data on this phenomenon, a better understanding of how these ncRNAs participate in chemoresistance can lead to suitable solutions to overcome this problem in CRC. This review will first focus on discussing the different mechanisms of CRC resistance identified so far. The focus will then shift onto the roles of miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs in promoting 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), oxaliplatin (OXA), cisplatin and doxorubicin (DOX) resistance in CRC, specifically using ncRNAs which have been recently identified and validated under in vivo or in vitro conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Byron Baron
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, MSD2080 Msida, Malta;
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