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Hao MJ, Cheng ZY, Gao Y, Xin L, Yu CT, Wang TL, Li ZS, Wang LW. Liquid biopsy of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: implications in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring. Scand J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:698-709. [PMID: 38466190 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2024.2310167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignant tumour of the gastrointestinal tract. Early detection and access to appropriate treatment are crucial for the long-term survival of patients. However, limited diagnostic and monitoring methods are available for identifying early stage ESCC. Endoscopic screening and surgical resection are commonly used to diagnose and treat early ESCC. However, these methods have disadvantages, such as high recurrence, lethality, and mortality rates. Therefore, methods to improve early diagnosis of ESCC and reduce its mortality rate are urgently required. In 1961, Gary et al. proposed a novel liquid biopsy approach for clinical diagnosis. This involved examining exosomes, circulating tumour cells, circulating free DNA, and circulating free RNA in body fluids. The ability of liquid biopsy to obtain samples repeatedly, wide detection range, and fast detection speed make it a feasible option for non-invasive tumour detection. In clinical practice, liquid biopsy technology has gained popularity for early screening, diagnosis, treatment efficacy monitoring, and prognosis assessment. Thus, this is a highly promising examination method. However, there have been no comprehensive reviews on the four factors of liquid biopsy in the context of ESCC. This review aimed to analyse the progress of liquid biopsy research for ESCC, including its classification, components, and potential future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Juan Hao
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anaesthesia and Surgery, Guiyang Fourth People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chu-Ting Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Lu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Shen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luo-Wei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Wallander K, Haider Z, Jeggari A, Foroughi-Asl H, Gellerbring A, Lyander A, Chozhan A, Cuba Gyllensten O, Hägglund M, Wirta V, Nordenskjöld M, Lindblad M, Tham E. Sensitive Detection of Cell-Free Tumour DNA Using Optimised Targeted Sequencing Can Predict Prognosis in Gastro-Oesophageal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041160. [PMID: 36831507 PMCID: PMC9954085 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this longitudinal study, cell-free tumour DNA (a liquid biopsy) from plasma was explored as a prognostic biomarker for gastro-oesophageal cancer. Both tumour-informed and tumour-agnostic approaches for plasma variant filtering were evaluated in 47 participants. This was possible through sequencing of DNA from tissue biopsies from all participants and cell-free DNA from plasma sampled before and after surgery (n = 42), as well as DNA from white blood cells (n = 21) using a custom gene panel with and without unique molecular identifiers (UMIs). A subset of the plasma samples (n = 12) was also assayed with targeted droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). In 17/31 (55%) diagnostic plasma samples, tissue-verified cancer-associated variants could be detected by the gene panel. In the tumour-agnostic approach, 26 participants (59%) had cancer-associated variants, and UMIs were necessary to filter the true variants from the technical artefacts. Additionally, clonal haematopoietic variants could be excluded using the matched white blood cells or follow-up plasma samples. ddPCR detected its targets in 10/12 (83%) and provided an ultra-sensitive method for follow-up. Detectable cancer-associated variants in plasma correlated to a shorter overall survival and shorter time to progression, with a significant correlation for the tumour-informed approaches. In summary, liquid biopsy gene panel sequencing using a tumour-agnostic approach can be applied to all patients regardless of the presence of a tissue biopsy, although this requires UMIs and the exclusion of clonal haematopoietic variants. However, if sequencing data from tumour biopsies are available, a tumour-informed approach improves the value of cell-free tumour DNA as a negative prognostic biomarker in gastro-oesophageal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Wallander
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence:
| | - Zahra Haider
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ashwini Jeggari
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hassan Foroughi-Asl
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Gellerbring
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Lyander
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Athithyan Chozhan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ollanta Cuba Gyllensten
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Moa Hägglund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valtteri Wirta
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- Genomic Medicine Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Nordenskjöld
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Lindblad
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Tham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
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Chang C, Tang X, Woodley DT, Chen M, Li W. The Distinct Assignments for Hsp90α and Hsp90β: More Than Skin Deep. Cells 2023; 12:277. [PMID: 36672211 PMCID: PMC9857327 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, the undisputable definition of the cytosolic Hsp90α and hsp90β proteins being evolutionarily conserved, ATP-driven chaperones has ruled basic research and clinical trials. The results of recent studies, however, have fundamentally challenged this paradigm, not to mention the spectacular failures of the paradigm-based clinical trials in cancer and beyond. We now know that Hsp90α and Hsp90β are both ubiquitously expressed in all cell types but assigned for distinct and irreplaceable functions. Hsp90β is essential during mouse development and Hsp90α only maintains male reproductivity in adult mice. Neither Hsp90β nor Hsp90α could substitute each other under these biological processes. Hsp90β alone maintains cell survival in culture and Hsp90α cannot substitute it. Hsp90α also has extracellular functions under stress and Hsp90β does not. The dramatic difference in the steady-state expression of Hsp90 in different mouse organs is due to the variable expressions of Hsp90α. The lowest expression of Hsp90 is less than 2% and the highest expression of Hsp90 is 9% among non-transformed cell lines. The two linker regions only take up less than 5% of the Hsp90 proteins, but harbor 21% of the total amino acid substitutions, i.e., 40% in comparison to the 86% overall amino acid homology. A full understanding of the distinctions between Hsp90α and Hsp90β could lead to new, safe and effective therapeutics targeting Hsp90 in human disorders such as cancer. This is the first comprehensive review of a comparison between the two cytosolic Hsp90 isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology and the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Southern California Keck Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Chen Q, Zhu S, Jiao N, Zhang Z, Gao G, Zheng W, Feng G, Han W. Improvement in the performance of an autoantibody panel in combination with heat shock protein 90a for the detection of early‑stage lung cancer. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:82. [PMID: 36741915 PMCID: PMC9852419 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The early diagnosis of lung cancer is closely associated with the decline of mortality. A panel consisting of seven lung cancer-related autoantibodies (7-AABs) has been shown to be a reliable and specific indicator for the early detection of lung cancer, with a specificity of ~90% and a positive predictive value of ~85%. However, its low sensitivity and negative predictive value limit its wide application. To improve its diagnostic value, the diagnostic efficiencies of 7-AABs in combination with non-specific tumor markers were retrospectively investigated for the detection of early-stage lung cancer. A total of 217 patients with small lung nodules who presented with ground-glass opacity or solid nodules as well as 30 healthy controls were studied. The concentrations of 7-AABs and heat shock protein 90a (HSP90a) were assessed using ELISA. Automated flow fluorescence immune analysis was used for the assessment of CEA, CYFRA21-1, CA199 and CA125 levels. The results showed that 7-AABs + HSP90a possessed a remarkably improved diagnostic efficiency for patients with small pulmonary nodules or for patients with lung nodules of different types, which suggested that 7-AABs in combination with HSP90a could have a high clinical value for the improvement of the diagnostic efficiency of early-stage lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Shaojin Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Nanlin Jiao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- The First Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Guangjian Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Wenqiang Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Gang Feng
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Wenzheng Han or Dr Gang Feng, Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 2 Zheshan West Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
| | - Wenzheng Han
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Wenzheng Han or Dr Gang Feng, Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 2 Zheshan West Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, P.R. China
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Extracellular Heat Shock Protein-90 (eHsp90): Everything You Need to Know. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070911. [PMID: 35883467 PMCID: PMC9313274 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
“Extracellular” Heat Shock Protein-90 (Hsp90) was initially reported in the 1970s but was not formally recognized until 2008 at the 4th International Conference on The Hsp90 Chaperone Machine (Monastery Seeon, Germany). Studies presented under the topic of “extracellular Hsp90 (eHsp90)” at the conference provided direct evidence for eHsp90’s involvement in cancer invasion and skin wound healing. Over the past 15 years, studies have focused on the secretion, action, biological function, therapeutic targeting, preclinical evaluations, and clinical utility of eHsp90 using wound healing, tissue fibrosis, and tumour models both in vitro and in vivo. eHsp90 has emerged as a critical stress-responding molecule targeting each of the pathophysiological conditions. Despite the studies, our current understanding of several fundamental questions remains little beyond speculation. Does eHsp90 indeed originate from purposeful live cell secretion or rather from accidental dead cell leakage? Why did evolution create an intracellular chaperone that also functions as a secreted factor with reported extracellular duties that might be (easily) fulfilled by conventional secreted molecules? Is eHsp90 a safer and more optimal drug target than intracellular Hsp90 chaperone? In this review, we summarize how much we have learned about eHsp90, provide our conceptual views of the findings, and make recommendations on the future studies of eHsp90 for clinical relevance.
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Wang YY, Liu C, Chen X, Ji J, Zhu SL, Sun Q, Zhang K, Zhu J, Zhao S, Wang YW, Ma R, Wang JL. Heat shock protein 90α in nipple discharge as a potential tumor marker for breast cancer. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2021; 64:251-256. [PMID: 34708717 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_72_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90α (HSP90α) has been confirmed to be upregulated in the blood in various types of tumors and may therefore serve as a potential tumor marker. However, whether HSP90α exists in nipple discharge remains unknown, and its expression and diagnostic value in nipple discharge remain unclear. In this study, the expression of HSP90α, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and cancer antigen 153 in nipple discharge and blood from 128 patients was measured. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess the diagnostic value of HSP90α. Further, its relationship with clinicopathological parameters of patients with breast cancer was analyzed. The results showed that the expression of HSP90α in nipple discharge was significantly higher in patients with breast cancer than in those with benign disease, and its diagnostic value was better than that of CEA. Combination of HSP90α and CEA showed better diagnostic efficacy than HSP90α or CEA alone. Moreover, the expression of HSP90α displayed a stepwise increase from benign lesions, followed by carcinoma in situ to invasive ductal carcinoma. HSP90α was positively correlated with Ki67 expression. However, there was no significant difference in the expression of HSP90α in blood between patients with breast cancer and benign disease. Further, the expression of HSP90α was higher in nipple discharge than in blood. In summary, HSP90α was upregulated in the nipple discharge of patients with breast cancer, and it may be related to the occurrence and progression of breast cancer. HSP90α in nipple discharge may serve as a potential diagnostic marker for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; Health Management Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Ji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Sheng-Lin Zhu
- Health Management Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Health Management Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ya-Wen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jian-Li Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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