1
|
Li F, Han M, Gao X, Du X, Jiang C. APOA1 mRNA and serum APOA1 protein as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in gastric cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2024; 13:2141-2154. [PMID: 38881912 PMCID: PMC11170536 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-1966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) remains a formidable challenge in oncology, ranking as a leading cause of cancer mortality globally. This underscores an urgent need for innovative prognostic markers that can revolutionize patient management and outcomes. Recent insights into cancer biology have spotlighted the profound influence of lipid metabolism alterations on tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and the tumor microenvironment. These alterations not only fuel cancer cell growth and proliferation but also play a strategic role in evading immune surveillance and promoting metastasis. The intricate web of lipid metabolism in cancer cells, characterized by deregulated uptake, synthesis, and oxidation of fatty acids (FAs), opens new avenues for targeted therapeutic interventions and prognostic evaluations. Specifically, this study zeroes in on apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1), a key player in lipid metabolism, to unearth its prognostic value in GC. By delving into the role of lipid metabolism-related genes, particularly APOA1, we aim to unveil their potential as groundbreaking biomarkers for GC prognosis. This endeavor not only aims to enhance our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of GC but also to spearhead the development of lipid metabolism-based strategies for improved diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic outcomes. Methods Transcriptomic and clinical data from GC patients and healthy individuals were sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, a comprehensive project that molecularly characterizes over 20,000 primary cancer and matched normal samples across 33 cancer types. Significantly differentially expressed lipid metabolism-related genes were identified using the "limma" package in R. Prognostic genes were selected via univariate Cox regression analysis. Differential gene enrichment analysis was performed using Metascape (http://www.metascape.org). The Human Protein Atlas (HPA, https://www.proteinatlas.org) provided information on APOA1 protein expression in GC and healthy tissues. Immune cell infiltration was analyzed using the CIBERSORT algorithm (http://cibersort.stanford.edu). Results Significant differences in lipid metabolism-related gene expression were observed between GC and normal tissues, closely linked to FA metabolism, oxidoreductase activity, and sphingolipid metabolism. APOA1 emerged as a potential prognostic biomarker by intersecting prognostic and differentially expressed lipid metabolism genes. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed APOA1 downregulation in GC. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated its predictive value, with the area under the curve (AUC) being 0.64 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.52-0.76]. APOA1 expression correlated with immune cell infiltrations. Clinical serum APOA1 results revealed lower levels in GC patients (1.38 vs. 1.26; P<0.05), associated with poor prognosis (hazard ratio =1.50; P<0.001) and clinical characteristics. ROC analysis of serum APOA1 demonstrated good diagnostic ability (AUC: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.61-0.65). Serum APOA1 levels significantly increased after treatment. Conclusions This study highlights lipid metabolism reprogramming in GC and identifies APOA1 as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, suggesting its clinical utility in managing GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoyun Gao
- Department of Geriatric, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuan Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chunmeng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Promises and Challenges of Predictive Blood Biomarkers for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030413. [PMID: 36766755 PMCID: PMC9913546 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) requires a multimodal approach combining neoadjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and surgery. Predicting tumor response to CRT can guide clinical decision making and improve patient care while avoiding unnecessary toxicity and morbidity. Circulating biomarkers offer both the advantage to be easily accessed and followed over time. In recent years, biomarkers such as proteins, blood cells, or nucleic acids have been investigated for their predictive value in oncology. We conducted a comprehensive literature review with the aim to summarize the status of circulating biomarkers predicting response to CRT in LARC. Forty-nine publications, of which forty-seven full-text articles, one review and one systematic review, were retrieved. These studies evaluated circulating markers (CEA and CA 19-9), inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, albumin, and lymphocytes), hematologic markers (hemoglobin and thrombocytes), lipids and circulating nucleic acids (cell-free DNA [cfDNA], circulating tumor DNA [ctDNA], and microRNA [miRNA]). Post-CRT CEA levels had the most consistent association with tumor response, while cfDNA integrity index, MGMT promoter methylation, ERCC-1, miRNAs, and miRNA-related SNPs were identified as potential predictive markers. Although circulating biomarkers hold great promise, inconsistent results, low statistical power, and low specificity and sensibility prevent them from reliably predicting tumor response following CRT. Validation and standardization of methods and technologies are further required to confirm results.
Collapse
|
3
|
He Y, Chen J, Ma Y, Chen H. Apolipoproteins: New players in cancers. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1051280. [PMID: 36506554 PMCID: PMC9732396 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1051280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoproteins (APOs), the primary protein moiety of lipoproteins, are known for their crucial role in lipid traffic and metabolism. Despite extensive exploration of APOs in cardiovascular diseases, their roles in cancers did not attract enough attention. Recently, research focusing on the roles of APOs in cancers has flourished. Multiple studies demonstrate the interaction of APOs with classical pathways of tumorigenesis. Besides, the dysregulation of APOs may indicate cancer occurrence and progression, thus serving as potential biomarkers for cancer patients. Herein, we summarize the mechanisms of APOs involved in the development of various cancers, their applications as cancer biomarkers and their genetic polymorphism associated with cancer risk. Additionally, we also discuss the potential anti-cancer therapies by virtue of APOs. The comprehensive review of APOs in cancers may advance the understanding of the roles of APOs in cancers and their potential mechanisms. We hope that it will provide novel clues and new therapeutic strategies for cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingcheng He
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Medical Department, Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianrui Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Medical Department, Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanbing Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Medical Department, Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,*Correspondence: Hongping Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pham TT, Lim S, Lin M. Predicting neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy response with functional imaging and liquid biomarkers in locally advanced rectal cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:1081-1098. [PMID: 35993178 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2114457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-invasive predictive quantitative biomarkers are required to guide treatment individualization in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) in order to maximise therapeutic outcomes and minimise treatment toxicity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and blood biomarkers have the potential to predict chemoradiotherapy (CRT) response in LARC. AREAS COVERED This review examines the value of functional imaging (MRI and PET) and liquid biomarkers (circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor nucleic acid (ctNA)) in the prediction of CRT response in LARC. Selected imaging and liquid biomarker studies are presented and the current status of the most promising imaging (apparent diffusion co-efficient (ADC), Ktrans, SUVmax, metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and liquid biomarkers (circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor nucleic acid (ctNA)) is discussed. The potential applications of imaging and liquid biomarkers for treatment stratification and a pathway to clinical translation are presented. EXPERT OPINION Functional imaging and liquid biomarkers provide novel ways of predicting CRT response. The clinical and technical validation of the most promising imaging and liquid biopsy biomarkers in multi-centre studies with harmonised acquisition techniques is required. This will enable clinical trials to investigate treatment escalation or de-escalation pathways in rectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trang Thanh Pham
- South West Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Liverpool NSW Australia 2170.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Liverpool Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool NSW Australia 2170.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool NSW Australia 2170
| | - Stephanie Lim
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool NSW Australia 2170.,Department of Medical Oncology, Macarthur Cancer Therapy Centre, Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown Australia 2560.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Sydney 2560
| | - Michael Lin
- South West Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Liverpool NSW Australia 2170.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Sydney 2560.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool NSW Australia 2170
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chantada-Vázquez MDP, Conde-Amboage M, Graña-López L, Vázquez-Estévez S, Bravo SB, Núñez C. Circulating Proteins Associated with Response and Resistance to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041087. [PMID: 35205837 PMCID: PMC8870308 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The goal of this study was to find circulating proteins that can be easily sampled and incorporated into a clinical setting to improve predictive treatment response in HER2-positive breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We looked for potential biomarkers in serum, which we identified using two proteomics techniques: qualitative LC-MS/MS and a quantitative assay that assessed protein expression between responders and non-responders HER2-positive breast cancer patients to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Abstract Despite the increasing use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in HER2-positive breast cancer (BC) patients, the clinical problem of predicting individual treatment response remains unanswered. Furthermore, the use of ineffective chemotherapeutic regimens should be avoided. Serum biomarker levels are being studied more and more for their ability to predict therapy response and aid in the development of personalized treatment regimens. This study aims to identify effective protein networks and biomarkers to predict response to NAC in HER2-positive BC patients through an exhaustive large-scale LC-MS/MS-based qualitative and quantitative proteomic profiling of serum samples from responders and non-responders. Serum samples from HER2-positive BC patients were collected before NAC and were processed by three methods (with and without nanoparticles). The qualitative analysis revealed differences in the proteomic profiles between responders and non-responders, mainly in proteins implicated in the complement and coagulation cascades and apolipoproteins. Qualitative analysis confirmed that three proteins (AFM, SERPINA1, APOD) were correlated with NAC resistance. In this study, we show that serum biomarker profiles can predict treatment response and outcome in the neoadjuvant setting. If these findings are further developed, they will be of significant clinical utility in the design of treatment regimens for individual BC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María del Pilar Chantada-Vázquez
- Research Unit, Lucus Augusti University Hospital (HULA), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 27002 Lugo, Spain;
- Proteomic Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mercedes Conde-Amboage
- Models of Optimization Decision, Statistics and Applications Research Group (MODESTYA), Department of Statistics, Mathematical Analysis and Optimization, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- CITMAga, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucía Graña-López
- Breast Pathology Group, Lucus Augusti University Hospital (HULA)-IDIS, Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 27002 Lugo, Spain;
- Radiology Department, Lucus Augusti University Hospital (HULA), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Sergio Vázquez-Estévez
- Oncology Division, Lucus Augusti University Hospital (HULA), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Susana B. Bravo
- Proteomic Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.B.B.); (C.N.)
| | - Cristina Núñez
- Research Unit, Lucus Augusti University Hospital (HULA), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), 27002 Lugo, Spain;
- Correspondence: (S.B.B.); (C.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen C, Yi W, Zeng ZF, Wang QX, Jiang W, Gao YH, Chang H. Serum apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A-I ratio is an independent predictor of liver metastasis from locally advanced rectal cancer in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus surgery. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:7. [PMID: 34979995 PMCID: PMC8722169 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09101-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ratio of serum apolipoprotein B (apoB) to apolipoprotein A-I (apoAI) had been reported as a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. This retrospective study aimed to assess the implication of apoB-to-apoAI ratio in predicting liver metastasis from rectal cancer (RC). METHODS The clinical data of 599 locally advanced RC patients treated with chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery were reviewed. Serum apoAI, apoB and apoB-to-apoAI ratio were analyzed for their correlation with the liver-metastasis-free, other-metastasis-free and overall survivals, together with the pretreatment and postsurgical pathoclinical features of the patients. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were realized through the Kaplan-Meier approach and Cox model, respectively. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for independent predictors. RESULTS Carbohydrate antigen 19 - 9 ≥ 26.3 U/ml, apoB-to-apoAI ratio ≥ 0.63, tumor regression grade 5 - 3, pT4 and pN + stage emerged as independent predictors of poorer liver-metastasis-free survival. The hazard ratios were 1.656 (95% CI, 1.094-2.506), 1.919 (95% CI, 1.174-3.145), 1.686 (95% CI, 1.053-2.703), 1.890 (95% CI, 1.110-3.226) and 2.012 (95% CI, 1.314-2.077), respectively. Except apoB-to-apoAI ratio, the other 4 factors were also independent predictors of poorer other-metastasis-free and overall survivals. And the independent predictors of poorer overall survival also included age ≥ 67 years old, distance to anal verge < 5 cm. CONCLUSIONS Serum apoB-to-apoAI ratio could be used as a biomarker for prediction of liver metastasis risk in locally advanced RC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Fan Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Xuan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Hong Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hui Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|