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Chen Y, Aspera-Werz RH, Menger MM, Falldorf K, Ronniger M, Stacke C, Histing T, Nussler AK, Ehnert S. Exposure to 16 Hz Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Protect the Structural Integrity of Primary Cilia and Associated TGF-β Signaling in Osteoprogenitor Cells Harmed by Cigarette Smoke. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7036. [PMID: 34210094 PMCID: PMC8268780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking (CS) is one of the main factors related to avoidable diseases and death across the world. Cigarette smoke consists of numerous toxic compounds that contribute to the development of osteoporosis and fracture nonunion. Exposure to pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) was proven to be a safe and effective therapy to support bone fracture healing. The aims of this study were to investigate if extremely low frequency (ELF-) PEMFs may be beneficial to treat CS-related bone disease, and which effect the duration of the exposure has. In this study, immortalized human mesenchymal stem cells (SCP-1 cells) impaired by 5% cigarette smoke extract (CSE) were exposed to ELF-PEMFs (16 Hz) with daily exposure ranging from 7 min to 90 min. Cell viability, adhesion, and spreading were evaluated by Sulforhodamine B, Calcein-AM staining, and Phalloidin-TRITC/Hoechst 33342 staining. A migration assay kit was used to determine cell migration. Changes in TGF-β signaling were evaluated with an adenoviral Smad2/3 reporter assay, RT-PCR, and Western blot. The structure and distribution of primary cilia were analyzed with immunofluorescent staining. Our data indicate that 30 min daily exposure to a specific ELF-PEMF most effectively promoted cell viability, enhanced cell adhesion and spreading, accelerated migration, and protected TGF-β signaling from CSE-induced harm. In summary, the current results provide evidence that ELF-PEMF can be used to support early bone healing in patients who smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmengfan Chen
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (Y.C.); (R.H.A.-W.); (M.M.M.); (T.H.); (S.E.)
| | - Romina H. Aspera-Werz
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (Y.C.); (R.H.A.-W.); (M.M.M.); (T.H.); (S.E.)
| | - Maximilian M. Menger
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (Y.C.); (R.H.A.-W.); (M.M.M.); (T.H.); (S.E.)
| | - Karsten Falldorf
- Sachtleben GmbH, Haus Spectrum am UKE, Martinistraße 64, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany; (K.F.); (M.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Michael Ronniger
- Sachtleben GmbH, Haus Spectrum am UKE, Martinistraße 64, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany; (K.F.); (M.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Christina Stacke
- Sachtleben GmbH, Haus Spectrum am UKE, Martinistraße 64, D-20251 Hamburg, Germany; (K.F.); (M.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Tina Histing
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (Y.C.); (R.H.A.-W.); (M.M.M.); (T.H.); (S.E.)
| | - Andreas K. Nussler
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (Y.C.); (R.H.A.-W.); (M.M.M.); (T.H.); (S.E.)
| | - Sabrina Ehnert
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute at the BG Trauma Center Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (Y.C.); (R.H.A.-W.); (M.M.M.); (T.H.); (S.E.)
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Moradi S, Jarrahi E, Ahmadi A, Salimian J, Karimi M, Zarei A, Azimzadeh Jamalkandi S, Ghanei M. PI3K signalling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and opportunities for therapy. J Pathol 2021; 254:505-518. [PMID: 33959951 DOI: 10.1002/path.5696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic lung disease characterised by airway inflammation and progressive obstruction of the lung airflow. Current pharmacological treatments include bronchodilators, alone or in combination with steroids, or other anti-inflammatory agents, which have only partially contributed to the inhibition of disease progression and mortality. Therefore, further research unravelling the underlying mechanisms is necessary to develop new anti-COPD drugs with both lower toxicity and higher efficacy. Extrinsic signalling pathways play crucial roles in COPD development and exacerbations. In particular, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling has recently been shown to be a major driver of the COPD phenotype. Therefore, several small-molecule inhibitors have been identified to block the hyperactivation of this signalling pathway in COPD patients, many of them showing promising outcomes in both preclinical animal models of COPD and human clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the critically important roles played by hyperactivated PI3K signalling in the pathogenesis of COPD. We also critically review current therapeutics based on PI3K inhibition, and provide suggestions focusing on PI3K signalling for the further improvement of the COPD phenotype. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Moradi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Jarrahi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Salimian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Karimi
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Zarei
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Weiss DJ, Segal K, Casaburi R, Hayes J, Tashkin D. Effect of mesenchymal stromal cell infusions on lung function in COPD patients with high CRP levels. Respir Res 2021; 22:142. [PMID: 33964910 PMCID: PMC8106850 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously reported a Phase 1/2 randomized placebo-controlled trial of systemic administration of bone marrow-derived allogeneic MSCs (remestemcel-L) in COPD. While safety profile was good, no functional efficacy was observed. However, in view of growing recognition of effects of inflammatory environments on MSC actions we conducted a post-hoc analysis with stratification by baseline levels of a circulating inflammatory marker, C-reactive protein (CRP) to determine the effects of MSC administration in COPD patients with varying circulating CRP levels. Methods Time course of lung function, exercise performance, patient reported responses, and exacerbation frequency following four monthly infusions of remestemcel-L vs. placebo were re-assessed in subgroups based on baseline circulating CRP levels. Results In COPD patients with baseline CRP ≥ 4 mg/L, compared to COPD patients receiving placebo (N = 17), those treated with remestemcel-L (N = 12), demonstrated significant improvements from baseline in forced expiratory volume in one second, forced vital capacity, and six minute walk distance at 120 days with treatment differences evident as early as 10 days after the first infusion. Significant although smaller benefits were also detected in those with CRP levels ≥ 2 or ≥ 3 mg/L. These improvements persisted variably over the 2-year observational period. No significant benefits were observed in patient reported responses or number of COPD exacerbations between treatment groups. Conclusion In an inflammatory environment, defined by elevated circulating CRP, remestemcel-L administration yielded at least transient meaningful pulmonary and functional improvements. These findings warrant further investigation of potential MSC-based therapies in COPD and other inflammatory pulmonary diseases. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00683722.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Weiss
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, 226 Health Science Research Facility, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | | | - Richard Casaburi
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | | | - Donald Tashkin
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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4
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Glassberg MK, Csete I, Simonet E, Elliot SJ. Stem Cell Therapy for COPD: Hope and Exploitation. Chest 2021; 160:1271-1281. [PMID: 33894254 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD is a chronic inflammatory and destructive disease characterized by progressive decline in lung function that can accelerate with aging. Preclinical studies suggest that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may provide a therapeutic option for this incurable disease because of their antiinflammatory, reparative, and immunomodulatory properties. To date, clinical trials using MSCs demonstrate safety in patients with COPD. However, because of the notable absence of large, multicenter randomized trials, no efficacy or evidence exists to support the possibility that MSCs can restore lung function in patients with COPD. Unfortunately, the investigational status of cell-based interventions for lung diseases has not hindered the propagation of commercial businesses, exploitation of the public, and explosion of medical tourism to promote unproven and potentially harmful cell-based interventions for COPD in the United States and worldwide. Patients with COPD constitute the largest group of patients with lung disease flocking to these unregulated clinics. This review highlights the numerous questions and concerns that remain before the establishment of cell-based interventions as safe and efficacious treatments for patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn K Glassberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ.
| | | | | | - Sharon J Elliot
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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5
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He W, Sun J, Zhang Q, Li Y, Fu Y, Zheng Y, Jiang X. Andrographolide exerts anti-inflammatory effects in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages by regulating the Notch1/Akt/NF-κB axis. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1747-1764. [PMID: 32991757 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma1119-584rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a serious public health problem aggravated by the slow progress in the development of new anti-tuberculosis drugs. The hyper-reactive TB patients have suffered from chronic inflammation which could cause deleterious effects on their bodies. Therefore, it is imperative to develop an adjunctive therapy based on inflammatory modulation during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. The present study aims to investigate the immune regulatory effects of Andrographolide (Andro) on Mtb-infected macrophages and its underlying mechanisms. The results showed that Andro inhibits the production of IL-1β and other inflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. The down-regulation of IL-1β expression causes the declining expression of IL-8 and MCP-1 in lung epithelial cells which were co-cultured with Mtb-infected macrophages. The inhibition of the activation of NF-κB pathway, but not the inhibition of MAPK signaling pathway, accounts for the anti-inflammatory role of Andro. Further studies elucidated that Andro could evoke the activation of autophagy to degrade NLRP3, which ultimately inhibited inflammasome activation and subsequent IL-1β production. Finally, the relevant results demonstrated that Andro inhibited the Notch1 pathway to down-regulate the phosphorylation of Akt/mTOR and NF-κB p65 subunit. Taken together, Andro has been found to suppress the Notch1/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. Both Akt inhibition-induced autophagy and inhibition of the NF-κB pathway contributed to restraining the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent IL-1β production. Then, the decreased production of IL-1β influenced chemokine expression in lung epithelial cells. Based on these results, anti-inflammatory effect of Andro in TB infection is merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang He
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Jinxia Sun
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China.,Department of Inspection and Quarantine, School of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, P.R. China
| | - Yinhong Li
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yan Fu
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yuejuan Zheng
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
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Abstract
Purpose Oestrogen receptor β is believed to exert a cardioprotective effect against ischaemic injury. Nonetheless, the mechanism underlying its protective action remains to be fully elucidated. Recently, increased attention has been focused on Notch1 signalling for ameliorating cardiac ischaemic injury. Here, we hypothesised that oestrogen receptor β activation attenuates myocardial infarction (MI)-induced cardiac damage by modulating the Notch1 signalling pathway. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were used to establish an MI model through the ligation of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. Two chemical drugs, 2,3-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (DPN) and N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-s-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT), a specific inhibitor of Notch1 signalling) were administered via intraperitoneal injection to change oestrogen receptor β and Notch1 activities. Immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) assessment and echocardiography were used in this study to analyse cardiac oxidative stress, apoptosis, infraction volume, fibrosis and cardiac function. Results DPN-mediated oestrogen receptor β activation effectively protected cardiomyocytes from MI-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis. Furthermore, oestrogen receptor β activation reduced the infarct size and lowered the levels of myocardial enzymes in the serum, thereby leading to greater overall cardiac function improvement. Ischaemic injury–induced myocardial fibrosis was attenuated by oestrogen receptor β activation. Nevertheless, all of these cardioprotective effects of oestrogen receptor β activation were almost abrogated by DAPT administration, i.e. DAPT attenuated the anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic effects and the decrease in infarct and fibrotic areas and reversed cardiac functional recovery. The levels of phospho-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and phospho-protein kinase B (Akt) were increased after DPN administration, and this change was reversed after DAPT was administered. Conclusions All of these new findings indicate that oestrogen receptor β activation is effective in ameliorating MI-induced cardiac dysfunction by enhancing Notch1 signalling and that PI3K/Akt signalling is the downstream mediator. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10557-020-06949-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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7
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Damasceno PKF, de Santana TA, Santos GC, Orge ID, Silva DN, Albuquerque JF, Golinelli G, Grisendi G, Pinelli M, Ribeiro Dos Santos R, Dominici M, Soares MBP. Genetic Engineering as a Strategy to Improve the Therapeutic Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Regenerative Medicine. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:737. [PMID: 32974331 PMCID: PMC7471932 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been widely studied in the field of regenerative medicine for applications in the treatment of several disease settings. The therapeutic potential of MSCs has been evaluated in studies in vitro and in vivo, especially based on their anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative action, through the secretion of soluble mediators. In many cases, however, insufficient engraftment and limited beneficial effects of MSCs indicate the need of approaches to enhance their survival, migration and therapeutic potential. Genetic engineering emerges as a means to induce the expression of different proteins and soluble factors with a wide range of applications, such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, transcription factors, enzymes and microRNAs. Distinct strategies have been applied to induce genetic modifications with the goal to enhance the potential of MCSs. This review aims to contribute to the update of the different genetically engineered tools employed for MSCs modification, as well as the factors investigated in different fields in which genetically engineered MSCs have been tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kauanna Fonseca Damasceno
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil.,Health Institute of Technology, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | - Iasmim Diniz Orge
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil.,Health Institute of Technology, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Daniela Nascimento Silva
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil.,Health Institute of Technology, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Giulia Golinelli
- Division of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Division of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Pinelli
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil.,Health Institute of Technology, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine (INCT-REGENERA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil.,Health Institute of Technology, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine (INCT-REGENERA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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8
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Dang X, He B, Ning Q, Liu Y, Guo J, Niu G, Chen M. Alantolactone suppresses inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress in cigarette smoke-induced human bronchial epithelial cells through activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibition of the NF-κB pathways. Respir Res 2020; 21:95. [PMID: 32321531 PMCID: PMC7178609 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well established that airway remodeling and inflammation are characteristics for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Moreover, cigarette smoke extract (CSE) promots inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress in COPD. And, there is evidence suggested that alantolactone (ALT), a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Inula helenium, plays an adverse role in inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress. However, few studies have investigated the function and mechanism of ALT treatment on the COPD pathological process. METHODS The levels of IL-1 β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ were examined by ELISA. Cells' apoptosis and caspase-3 activity were detected by Cell Death Detection PLUS enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and caspase-Glo 3/7 Assay, respectively. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined by using MDA and SOD assay kits. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured by DCFH-DA assay. Protein expression was assayed by Western blot. RESULTS In the present study, we aimed to observe the protective effects of ALT against inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress in human bronchial epithelial Beas-2B and NHBE cells. Our results showed that different doses of CSE exposure induced Beas-2B and NHBE cell inflammatory cytokines IL-1 β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ expression, cell apoptosis, caspase-3 activity and mediated oxidative stress markers MDA, ROS and SOD levels, while ALT treatment counteracted the effects of CSE. Further studies suggested that ALT attenuated NF-κB pathway activation. ALT also activated the Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway through promoting Nrf2 nuclear aggregation and downstream HO-1 protein expression. HO-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP IX) reversed the effects of ALT on Beas-2B and NHBE cell inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS The above results collectively suggested that ALT suppressed CSE-induced inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress by modulating the NF-ĸB and Nrf2/ HO-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Dang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta west road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Beibei He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta west road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qian Ning
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta west road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta west road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jianxin Guo
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Gang Niu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta west road, Xi'an, 710061, China
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Abstract
As the prevalence and impact of lung diseases continue to increase worldwide, new therapeutic strategies are desperately needed. Advances in lung-regenerative medicine, a broad field encompassing stem cells, cell-based therapies, and a range of bioengineering approaches, offer new insights into and new techniques for studying lung physiology and pathophysiology. This provides a platform for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Applicability to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of recent advances and applications in cell-based therapies, predominantly those with mesenchymal stromal cell-based approaches, and bioengineering approaches for lung diseases are reviewed.
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10
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Li NN, Guo Y, Jiang CJ, Zhou YY, Li CH, Li ZG, Wang DL. Allyl isothiocyanate upregulates MRP1 expression through Notch1 signaling in human bronchial epithelial cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 98:324-331. [PMID: 31747319 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance associated protein-1 (MRP1) and Notch signaling are closely related and both play a critical role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) establishment and progression. The aim of our work was to test whether Notch1 is involved in allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) induced MRP1 expression. We used cigarette smoke extract (CSE) to simulate the smoking microenvironment in vitro. The results demonstrated that CSE led to apoptosis as well as reduced the expression of Notch1, Hes1, and MRP1, while AITC significantly reversed this downregulation. Transfected with Notch1 siRNA downregulated MRP1 expression and activity, aggravated the suppression effect by CSE, and abolished the AITC-induced Notch1, Hes1, and MRP1 expression. Validation of the correlation between Notch1 and MRP1 was implemented by gel-shift assays (electrophoretic mobility shift assay). The result revealed an interaction between a specific promoter region of MRP1 and the intracellular domain of Notch1. In conclusion, Notch1 signaling positively regulated MRP1 in 16HBE cells and AITC induced MRP1 expression and function may be attributed to Notch1 signaling. These findings show that Notch1 and MRP1 might have a potential protective effect in the COPD process and become a new therapeutic target for COPD or other lung diseases. It also provides a theoretical basis for the therapeutic effects of AITC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Ni Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Cheng-Jun Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Chen-Hui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
| | - Ze-Geng Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital to Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Dian-Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui 230012, China
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11
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Inhibition of Galectin-3 Alleviates Cigarette Smoke Extract-Induced Autophagy and Dysfunction in Endothelial Progenitor Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7252943. [PMID: 31737173 PMCID: PMC6815545 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7252943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have the potential to repair damaged blood vessels and promote angiogenesis. Smoking, an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, is associated with impaired functions of EPCs. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on autophagy and dysfunction of EPCs and the involvement of galectin-3 in its effects. EPCs were treated with 8% CSE for 24 h (without affecting cell viability). EPC functions were assessed by tube formation and migration capacity and intracellular ROS and eNOS expression. Autophagy was assessed by autophagic protein expression by Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy and autophagosome accumulation by transmission electron microscopy. Galectin-3 expression was measured by real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence microscopy, while phospho-AMPK and phospho-mTOR were measured by Western blotting. EPCs were transfected by shRNA-Gal-3 or shRNA-NC before treatment with CSE to examine the effects of galectin-3 on CSE-induced autophagy and dysfunction of EPCs. CSE-treated EPCs showed decreased tube formation and migration ability and eNOS expression but increased oxidative stress. CSE also induced autophagy which was characterized by a decrease in p62 protein, an increase in LC3B-II/I ratio, and accumulation of autophagosomes. CSE upregulated galectin-3 expression on EPCs. Inhibition of galectin-3 abrogated CSE-induced autophagy and dysfunction of EPCs. CSE activated phospho-AMPK and inhibited phospho-mTOR, and inhibition of galectin-3 abolished CSE's effect on activating phospho-AMPK and inhibiting phospho-mTOR. In conclusion, our results suggest that galectin-3 mediates CSE-induced EPC autophagy and dysfunction, likely via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Allyl isothiocyanate may reverse the expression of MRP1 in COPD rats via the Notch1 signaling pathway. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:1000-1011. [PMID: 31571144 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01183-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the roles of AITC in up-regulating the MRP1 expression and its relationship with the activation of the Notch1 signaling pathway were investigated by combining the in vivo and in vitro experiments. AITC was administered to the COPD model rats and normal rats to explore the association between Notch1 and MRP1. The human bronchial epithelial cells were treated with DAPT, the Notch1 signaling pathway inhibitor, to verify the effect of Notch1 on the expression of AITC-induced MRP1. Compared with the control group, the expressions of Notch1, Hes1 (the target gene of Notch1) and MRP1 in the lung tissue of the COPD model group were significantly inhibited. In contrast to the COPD model group, the expressions of MRP1, Hes1 and Notch1 dramatically up-regulated following the treatment with Low/High doses of AITC. The expression of MRP1 in the 16 HBE cells was down-regulated by the inhibition of Notch in a DAPT concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, the AITC-induced up-regulation of the MRP1 expression was markedly impaired following the inhibition of Notch1. The above results indicated that the pulmonary function and the expression of MRP1 in COPD rats could be improved by AITC, which was partly dependent on the Notch1 signaling pathway. Therefore, targeting the Notch signaling pathway may present as an effective therapeutic strategy for COPD treatment.
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He Y, Zou L. Notch-1 inhibition reduces proliferation and promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1884-1890. [PMID: 31410150 PMCID: PMC6676088 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Low differentiation and high proliferation rates are critical factors affecting bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) tumorigenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the role of the Notch signaling pathway in BMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Mouse BMSCs were divided into control, vector, Notch1-small interfering (si)RNA, γ-secretase inhibitor, and Notch1-siRNA + γ-secretase inhibitor groups. The siRNA-Notch1, γ-secretase inhibitor, and Notch1-siRNA + γ-secretase inhibitor groups were treated with Notch1 siRNA and/or γ-secretase inhibitor. Following treatment, cell proliferation was evaluated using a Cell Counting Kit-8. Tumor-related factors, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, c-Myc and p53, were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. BMSC osteogenic differentiation was induced and the cells were stained with alizarin red at 14 and 21 days. Alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity was also evaluated. The siRNA-Notch1 and γ-secretase inhibitor both reduced BMSC proliferation and the expression of TGF-β1 and c-Myc and increased the expression of p53. Following the induction of osteogenesis and staining with alizarin red, the level of AKP was significantly higher in cells in the siRNA-Notch1 and γ-secretase inhibitor groups compared with that in the control group. It was found that Notch1 inhibition reduced proliferation and promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Lijin Zou
- Burn Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Lijin Zou, Burn Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China, E-mail:
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2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation enhanced the suppressive function of mesenchymal stem cells against splenocyte proliferation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2019; 55:633-640. [PMID: 31385165 PMCID: PMC6717173 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-019-00383-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The immunosuppressive function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is well known. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a transcription factor of the bHLH/PAS family, is widely expressed in several cells and is involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Previously, we found that the expression of AhR was downregulated in MSCs isolated from mice with neutrophilic asthma and that the activation of AhR enhanced the function of MSCs to alleviate neutrophilic asthma. We hypothesized that AhR activation enhanced MSCs for their immunosuppressive function. We aimed to investigate whether AhR activation can augment the suppressive function of MSCs against splenocyte proliferation. We co-cultured MSCs or AhR-activated MSCs with splenocytes at different ratios. The results showed that AhR activation in MSCs upregulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), which promoted the production of nitric oxide (NO), thus enhancing the inhibitory effect on splenocyte proliferation. The NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine also inhibited the proliferation of splenocytes, and the iNOS inhibitor N(G)-nitro L-arginine methyl ester and NO scavenger 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide partially reversed the immunosuppressive function. Our study indicates that the AhR activation of MSCs might have an important role in the regulation of splenocyte proliferation and might serve as a potential strategy for treating immune-related diseases.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews the past 2 years of research on Notch signaling as it relates to bone physiology, with the goal of reconciling seemingly discrepant findings and identifying fruitful areas of potential future research. RECENT FINDINGS Conditional animal models and high-throughput omics have contributed to a greater understanding of the context-dependent role of Notch signaling in bone. However, significant gaps remain in our understanding of how spatiotemporal context and epigenetic state dictate downstream Notch phenotypes. Biphasic activation of Notch signaling orchestrates progression of mesenchymal progenitor cells through the osteoblast lineage, but there is a limited understanding of ligand- and receptor-specific functions. Paracrine Notch signaling through non-osteoblastic cell types contributes additional layers of complexity, and we anticipate impactful future work related to the integration of these cell types and signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Youngstrom
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48872, USA.
| | - Kurt D Hankenson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48872, USA
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Selman M, Martinez FJ, Pardo A. Why Does an Aging Smoker’s Lung Develop Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Not Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 199:279-285. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201806-1166pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Selman
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernando J. Martinez
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
- Deputy Editor, AJRCCM; and
| | - Annie Pardo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Tani A, Chellini F, Giannelli M, Nosi D, Zecchi-Orlandini S, Sassoli C. Red (635 nm), Near-Infrared (808 nm) and Violet-Blue (405 nm) Photobiomodulation Potentiality on Human Osteoblasts and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Morphological and Molecular In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071946. [PMID: 29970828 PMCID: PMC6073131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been used for bone regenerative purposes in different fields of medicine and dentistry, but contradictory results demand a skeptical look for its potential benefits. This in vitro study compared PBM potentiality by red (635 ± 5 nm) or near-infrared (NIR, 808 ± 10 nm) diode lasers and violet-blue (405 ± 5 nm) light-emitting diode operating in a continuous wave with a 0.4 J/cm2 energy density, on human osteoblast and mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) viability, proliferation, adhesion and osteogenic differentiation. PBM treatments did not alter viability (PI/Syto16 and MTS assays). Confocal immunofluorescence and RT-PCR analyses indicated that red PBM (i) on both cell types increased vinculin-rich clusters, osteogenic markers expression (Runx-2, alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin) and mineralized bone-like nodule structure deposition and (ii) on hMSCs induced stress fiber formation and upregulated the expression of proliferation marker Ki67. Interestingly, osteoblast responses to red light were mediated by Akt signaling activation, which seems to positively modulate reactive oxygen species levels. Violet-blue light-irradiated cells behaved essentially as untreated ones and NIR irradiated ones displayed modifications of cytoskeleton assembly, Runx-2 expression and mineralization pattern. Although within the limitations of an in vitro experimentation, this study may suggest PBM with 635 nm laser as potential effective option for promoting/improving bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Tani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine-Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Flaminia Chellini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine-Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Marco Giannelli
- Odontostomatologic Laser Therapy Center, via dell' Olivuzzo 162, 50143 Florence, Italy.
| | - Daniele Nosi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine-Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Sandra Zecchi-Orlandini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine-Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Chiara Sassoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine-Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
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