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Li P, Wang Y, Cao Y, Shi J, Jiang M, Han X, Jiang L, Bao Y, Wu W, Liu X. Exercise Attenuate Diaphragm Atrophy in COPD Mice via Inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK Signaling. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2024; 19:1591-1601. [PMID: 39005647 PMCID: PMC11244622 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s460182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise is an indispensable component of pulmonary rehabilitation with strong anti-inflammatory effects. However, the mechanisms by which exercise prevents diaphragmatic atrophy in COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) remain unclear. Methods Forty male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to the control (n=16) and smoke (n=24) groups. Mice in the smoke group were exposed to the cigarette smoke (CS) for six months. They were then divided into model and exercise training groups for 2 months. Histological changes were observed in lung and diaphragms. Subsequently, agonist U46639 and antagonist Y27632 of RhoA/ROCK were subjected to mechanical stretching in LPS-treated C2C12 myoblasts. The expression levels of Atrogin-1, MuRF-1, MyoD, Myf5, IL-1β, TNF-α, and RhoA/ROCK were determined by Western blotting. Results Diaphragmatic atrophy and increased RhoA/ROCK expression were observed in COPD mice. Exercise training attenuated diaphragmatic atrophy, decreased the expression of MuRF-1, and increased MyoD expression in COPD diaphragms. Exercise also affects the upregulation of RhoA/ROCK and inflammation-related proteins. In in vitro experiments with C2C12 myoblasts, LPS remarkably increased the level of inflammation and protein degradation, whereas Y27632 or combined with mechanical stretching prevented this phenomenon considerably. Conclusion RhoA/ROCK plays an important role in the prevention of diaphragmatic atrophy in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Li
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingqi Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Shi
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Jiang
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Linhong Jiang
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidie Bao
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibing Wu
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Shi X, Sheng H, Hu Y, Pang B, Ma Y, Jin J. Changes in diaphragm contractility in cigarette smoking-exposed and smoking cessation rats are associated with alterations in mitochondrial morphology and homeostasis. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 131:392-405. [PMID: 35972955 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of cigarette smoking (CS) cessation on the diaphragm are unknown, as are the CS-induced diaphragmatic mitochondrial changes. We examined the changes in diaphragm contractility, as well as alterations in mitochondrial morphology, function and homoeostasis during CS exposure and after cessation. Rats were randomly divided into CS exposure and CS cessation groups: 3-month CS (S3), 6-month CS (S6), 6-month CS followed by 3-month cessation (S6N3). The changes in the diaphragm were investigated, including contractile properties, the ultrastructure, mitochondrial function and the expression of markers of mitochondrial homoeostasis. CS caused irreversible histological disruption and functional depression in the lungs, along with significantly declines in diaphragmatic contractility and more severely in extensor digitorum longus muscular contractility. Such declines were recovered after 3-month CS cessation. CS exposure disrupted the diaphragmatic mitochondrial morphology and function (S6), which was significantly alleviated in the S6N3 group. The mitochondrial homoeostasis was depressed (S6), as indicated by the downregulation of Pink1 and Mfn1. Interestingly, the Mfn1 level was recovered after smoking cessation (S6N3). In conclusion, smoking cessation eased CS-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction and mitochondrial deregulation, which are likely associated with deregulated mitochondrial homoeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Shi
- The Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Sheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Baosen Pang
- The Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingmin Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,The Clinical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zhang B, Li P, Li J, Liu X, Wu W. Effect of Oxidative Stress on Diaphragm Dysfunction and Exercise Intervention in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:684453. [PMID: 34163375 PMCID: PMC8215263 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.684453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can cause extrapulmonary injury such as diaphragm dysfunction. Oxidative stress is one of the main factors causing diaphragm dysfunction in COPD. Exercise plays a positive role in the prevention and treatment of diaphragm dysfunction in COPD, and the changes in diaphragm structure and function induced by exercise are closely related to the regulation of oxidative stress. Therefore, on the basis of the review of oxidative stress and the changes in diaphragm structure and function in COPD, this article analyzed the effects of exercise on oxidative stress and diaphragm dysfunction in COPD and explored the possible mechanism by which exercise improves oxidative stress. Studies have found that diaphragm dysfunction in COPD includes the decline of muscle strength, endurance, and activity. Oxidative stress mainly affects the structure and function of the diaphragm in COPD through protein oxidation, protease activation and calcium sensitivity reduction. The effects of exercise on oxidative stress level and diaphragm dysfunction may differ depending on the intensity, duration, and style of exercise. The mechanism of exercise on oxidative stress in the diaphragm of COPD may include improving antioxidant capacity, reducing oxidase activity and improving mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhi Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijun Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weibing Wu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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