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Jamadade P, Nupur N, Maharana KC, Singh S. Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies for Metabolic Disorders: Major Advancements and Future Perspectives. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024:10.1007/s11883-024-01228-0. [PMID: 39008202 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Globally, the prevalence of metabolic disorders is rising. Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is a hallmark of familial hypercholesterolemia, one of the most prevalent hereditary metabolic disorders and another one is Diabetes mellitus (DM) that is more common globally, characterised by hyperglycemia with low insulin-directed glucose by target cells. It is still known that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). LDL-C levels are thought to be the main therapeutic objectives. RECENT FINDINGS The primary therapy for individuals with elevated cholesterol levels is the use of statins and other lipid lowering drugs like ezetimibe for hypercholesterolemia. Even after taking statin medication to the maximum extent possible, some individuals still have a sizable residual cardiovascular risk. To overcome this proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors-monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a novel class of systemic macromolecules that have enhanced LDL-C-lowering efficacy. Along with this other inhibitor are used like Angiopoeitin like 3 inhibitors. Research on both humans and animals has shown that anti-CD3 antibodies can correct autoimmune disorders like diabetes mellitus. Individuals diagnosed with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) may need additional treatment options beyond statins, especially when facing challenges such as statin tolerance or the inability of even the highest statin doses to reach the desired target cholesterol level. Here is the summary of PCSK9, ANGPTL-3 and CD3 inhibitors and their detailed information. In this review we discuss the details of PCSK9, ANGPTL-3 and CD3 inhibitors and the current therapeutic interventions of using the monoclonal antibodies in case of the metabolic disorder. We further present the present studies and the future prospective of the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Jamadade
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Vaishali, Hajipur, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Neh Nupur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Vaishali, Hajipur, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Krushna Ch Maharana
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Vaishali, Hajipur, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Sanjiv Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Export Promotions Industrial Park (EPIP), Vaishali, Hajipur, 844102, Bihar, India.
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Pennisi G, Maurotti S, Ciociola E, Jamialahmadi O, Bertolazzi G, Mirarchi A, Bergh PO, Scionti F, Mancina RM, Spagnuolo R, Tripodo C, Boren J, Petta S, Romeo S. ANGPTL3 Downregulation Increases Intracellular Lipids by Reducing Energy Utilization. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1086-1097. [PMID: 38385290 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ANGPTL3 (angiopoietin-like protein 3) is a circulating protein with a key role in maintaining lipoprotein homeostasis. A monoclonal antibody against ANGPTL3 is an approved and well-tolerated treatment to reduce lipoproteins in familial hypercholesterolemia homozygotes. However, the reduction of hepatic ANGPTL3 synthesis using an antisense oligonucleotide unexpectedly resulted in a dose-dependent increase in liver lipid content and circulating transaminases, resulting in the termination of the clinical trial. Meanwhile, the use of silencing RNAs remains an area of active investigation. Our study sought to investigate whether intracellular downregulation of ANGPTL3 may lead to a primary increase in neutral lipids within the hepatocyte. METHODS We downregulated ANGPTL3 by silencing RNA in primary human hepatocytes 3-dimensional spheroids, HepG2/LX-2 3-dimensional spheroids, and in HepG2, Hep3B2, and Huh7 cultured in 2 dimensions. RESULTS ANGPTL3 downregulation increased neutral lipids in all models investigated. Interestingly, ANGPTL3 induced lower intracellular deiodinase type 1 protein levels resulting in a reduction in beta-oxidation and causing an increase in triglycerides stored in lipid droplets. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, intracellular ANGPTL3 downregulation by silencing RNA led to an increase in triglycerides content due to a reduction in energy substrate utilization resembling a primary intracellular hepatocyte hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Pennisi
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy (G.P., S.P.)
| | - Samantha Maurotti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy (S.M., F.S.)
| | - Ester Ciociola
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (E.C., O.J., P.-O.B., R.M.M., J.B., S.R.)
| | - Oveis Jamialahmadi
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (E.C., O.J., P.-O.B., R.M.M., J.B., S.R.)
| | - Giorgio Bertolazzi
- Department of Economics, Business, and Statistics, University of Palermo, Italy (G.B.)
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro," University of Palermo, Italy (G.B., C.T.)
| | - Angela Mirarchi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy (A.M., S.R.)
| | - Per-Olof Bergh
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (E.C., O.J., P.-O.B., R.M.M., J.B., S.R.)
| | - Francesca Scionti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy (S.M., F.S.)
| | - Rosellina M Mancina
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (E.C., O.J., P.-O.B., R.M.M., J.B., S.R.)
| | - Rocco Spagnuolo
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia," Catanzaro, Italy (R.S.)
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro," University of Palermo, Italy (G.B., C.T.)
| | - Jan Boren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (E.C., O.J., P.-O.B., R.M.M., J.B., S.R.)
- Wallenberg Laboratory (J.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy (G.P., S.P.)
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (E.C., O.J., P.-O.B., R.M.M., J.B., S.R.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy (A.M., S.R.)
- Cardiology Department (S.R.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Peycheva M, Padlina G, Genceviciute K, Krasteva MP, Boronylo A, Goeldlin MB, Müller M, Wenz ES, Müller MD, Hammer H, Bücke P, Bigi S, Simonetti BG, Hoffmann A, Umarova RM, Pilgram-Pastor S, Gralla J, Mordasini P, Antonenko K, Heldner MR. Baseline characteristics and outcome of stroke patients after endovascular therapy according to previous symptomatic vascular disease and sex. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1293905. [PMID: 38694775 PMCID: PMC11061446 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1293905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to investigate baseline characteristics and outcome of patients after endovascular therapy (EVT) for acute large vessel occlusion (LVO) in relation to their history of symptomatic vascular disease and sex. Methods Consecutive EVT-eligible patients with LVO in the anterior circulation admitted to our stroke center between 04/2015 and 04/2020 were included in this observational cohort study. All patients were treated according to a standardized acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) protocol. Baseline characteristics and successful reperfusion, recurrent/progressive in-hospital ischaemic stroke, symptomatic in-hospital intracranial hemorrhage, death at discharge and at 3 months, and functional outcome at 3 months were analyzed according to previous symptomatic vascular disease and sex. Results 995 patients with LVO in the anterior circulation (49.4% women, median age 76 years, median admission NIHSS score 14) were included. Patients with multiple vs. no previous vascular events showed higher mortality at discharge (20% vs. 9.3%, age/sex - adjustedOR = 1.43, p = 0.030) and less independency at 3 months (28.8% vs. 48.8%, age/sex - adjustedOR = 0.72, p = 0.020). All patients and men alone with one or multiple vs. patients and men with no previous vascular events showed more recurrent/progressive in-hospital ischaemic strokes (19.9% vs. 6.4% in all patients, age/sex - adjustedOR = 1.76, p = 0.028) (16.7% vs. 5.8% in men, age-adjustedOR = 2.20, p = 0.035). Men vs. women showed more in-hospital symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage among patients with one or multiple vs. no previous vascular events (23.7% vs. 6.6% in men and 15.4% vs. 5.5% in women, OR = 2.32, p = 0.035/age - adjustedOR = 2.36, p = 0.035). Conclusions Previous vascular events increased the risk of in-hospital complications and poorer outcome in the analyzed patients with EVT-eligible LVO-AIS. Our findings may support risk assessment in these stroke patients and could contribute to the design of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieta Peycheva
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology and Research Institute, Medical University Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Giovanna Padlina
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Clinica Luganese, Mancucco, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Kotryna Genceviciute
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marina P. Krasteva
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Queen Giovanna, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anna Boronylo
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martina B. Goeldlin
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Madlaine Müller
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elena S. Wenz
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mandy D. Müller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Helly Hammer
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Bücke
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Bigi
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Goeggel Simonetti
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, Istituto Pediatrico della Svizzera Italiana IPSI EOC, Ospedale Regionale di Bellinzona e Valli, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Angelika Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roza M. Umarova
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sara Pilgram-Pastor
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Gralla
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pasquale Mordasini
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Netzwerk Radiologie, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Kateryna Antonenko
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam R. Heldner
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Li B, Shaikh F, Zamzam A, Syed MH, Abdin R, Qadura M. A machine learning algorithm for peripheral artery disease prognosis using biomarker data. iScience 2024; 27:109081. [PMID: 38361633 PMCID: PMC10867451 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) biomarkers have been studied in isolation; however, an algorithm that considers a protein panel to inform PAD prognosis may improve predictive accuracy. Biomarker-based prediction models were developed and evaluated using a model development (n = 270) and prospective validation cohort (n = 277). Plasma concentrations of 37 proteins were measured at baseline and the patients were followed for 2 years. The primary outcome was 2-year major adverse limb event (MALE; composite of vascular intervention or major amputation). Of the 37 proteins tested, 6 were differentially expressed in patients with vs. without PAD (ADAMTS13, ICAM-1, ANGPTL3, Alpha 1-microglobulin, GDF15, and endostatin). Using 10-fold cross-validation, we developed a random forest machine learning model that accurately predicts 2-year MALE in a prospective validation cohort of PAD patients using a 6-protein panel (AUROC 0.84). This algorithm can support PAD risk stratification, informing clinical decisions on further vascular evaluation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Temerty Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research and Education in Medicine (T-CAIREM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Farah Shaikh
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Abdelrahman Zamzam
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Muzammil H. Syed
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rawand Abdin
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammad Qadura
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Abrahams T, Nicholls SJ. Perspectives on the success of plasma lipidomics in cardiovascular drug discovery and future challenges. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:281-290. [PMID: 38402906 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2292039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plasma lipidomics has emerged as a powerful tool in cardiovascular drug discovery by providing insights into disease mechanisms, identifying potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, and discovering novel targets for drug development. Widespread application of plasma lipidomics is hampered by technological limitations and standardization and requires a collaborative approach to maximize its use in cardiovascular drug discovery. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of the utility of plasma lipidomics in cardiovascular drug discovery and discusses the challenges and future perspectives of this rapidly evolving field. The authors discuss the role of lipidomics in understanding the molecular mechanisms of CVD, identifying novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, and discovering new therapeutic targets for drug development. Furthermore, they highlight the challenges faced in data analysis, standardization, and integration with other omics approaches and propose future directions for the field. EXPERT OPINION Plasma lipidomics holds great promise for improving the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of CVD. While challenges remain in standardization and technology, ongoing research and collaboration among scientists and clinicians will undoubtedly help overcome these obstacles. As lipidomics evolves, its impact on cardiovascular drug discovery and clinical practice is expected to grow, ultimately benefiting patients and healthcare systems worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Abrahams
- From the Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- From the Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Huo Y, Lesogor A, Lee CW, Chiang CE, Mena-Madrazo J, Poh KK, Jeong MH, Maheux P, Zhang M, Wei S, Han Y, Li Y. Efficacy and Safety of Inclisiran in Asian Patients: Results From ORION-18. JACC. ASIA 2024; 4:123-134. [PMID: 38371290 PMCID: PMC10866732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacasi.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Background Management of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in Asia remains suboptimal, with ∼50% of patients who are treated with lipid-lowering therapies (LLTs) unable to achieve their guideline-recommended LDL-C goals. Asian-representative studies of the use of inclisiran are needed. Objectives The authors sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of inclisiran in Asian patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or high risk of ASCVD, as an adjunct to diet and maximally tolerated statin dose, with or without additional LLTs. Methods The ORION-18 was a phase 3 double-blind trial in which patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either 300 mg inclisiran sodium or matching placebo on days 1, 90, and 270. Percentage change in LDL-C from baseline to day 330 was the primary endpoint. Results A total of 345 patients (mean age 59.5 years, mean baseline LDL-C 109 mg/dL, 74.7% male) were randomized to inclisiran or placebo. Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. The percentage decrease in LDL-C from baseline to day 330 was 57.2% (P < 0.001); proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 was reduced by 78.3% (P < 0.001). Time-adjusted percentage reduction in LDL-C from baseline after day 90 and up to day 360 was 56.3%. At day 330, 71.7% of participants with inclisiran achieved ≥50% reduction in LDL-C compared with 1.5% with placebo. Over the study period, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were decreased significantly, and HDL-C levels increased. The incidence of adverse events with inclisiran was similar to that with placebo. Conclusions In Asian patients with ASCVD or high risk of ASCVD, inclisiran was effective and safe. (Study of Efficacy and Safety of Inclisiran in Asian Participants With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease [ASCVD] or ASCVD High Risk and Elevated Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol [LDL-C] [ORION-18]; NCT04765657).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Chern-En Chiang
- General Clinical Research Center and Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Kian Keong Poh
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | | | - Mengli Zhang
- China Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Co., Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yajun Han
- Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Yong Li
- Fudan University Hua Shan Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Wojtasińska A, Kućmierz J, Tokarek J, Dybiec J, Rodzeń A, Młynarska E, Rysz J, Franczyk B. New Insights into Cardiovascular Diseases Treatment Based on Molecular Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16735. [PMID: 38069058 PMCID: PMC10706703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) which consist of ischemic heart disease, stroke, heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, and several other cardiac and vascular conditions are one of the most common causes of death worldwide and often co-occur with diabetes mellitus and lipid disorders which worsens the prognosis and becomes a therapeutic challenge. Due to the increasing number of patients with CVDs, we need to search for new risk factors and pathophysiological changes to create new strategies for preventing, diagnosing, and treating not only CVDs but also comorbidities like diabetes mellitus and lipid disorders. As increasing amount of patients suffering from CVDs, there are many therapies which focus on new molecular targets like proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), angiopoietin-like protein 3, ATP-citrate lyase, or new technologies such as siRNA in treatment of dyslipidemia or sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 and glucagon-like peptide-1 in treatment of diabetes mellitus. Both SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists are used in the treatment of diabetes, however, they proved to have a beneficial effect in CVDs as well. Moreover, a significant amount of evidence has shown that exosomes seem to be associated with myocardial ischaemia and that exosome levels correlate with the severity of myocardial injury. In our work, we would like to focus on the above mechanisms. The knowledge of them allows for the appearance of new strategies of treatment among patients with CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armanda Wojtasińska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Kućmierz
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Julita Tokarek
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jill Dybiec
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Rodzeń
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Młynarska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
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Mangeshkar S, Nazarenko N, Varrias D, Spanos M, Borkowski P, Alhuarrat MAD, Li W, Kishore P, Faillace RT. A Case of Type V Hyperlipoproteinemia Resistant to Insulin Treatment. Cureus 2023; 15:e41424. [PMID: 37546045 PMCID: PMC10403339 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type V hyperlipoproteinemia or multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome is a rare lipid disorder triggered mainly by uncontrolled diabetes, obesity, poor diet, or particular medications. It is associated with an increased risk of acute pancreatitis and accelerated coronary artery disease which may manifest in younger age groups. We present a case of a 42-year-old male who presented to the emergency department (ED) complaining of a non-healing hand injury. Upon laboratory workup, the patient was found to have an elevated total cholesterol (TC) of 1129 mg/dL, very low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides (TG) > 4000 mg/dL with an inability to calculate low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Lipoprotein electrophoresis revealed an actual TG level of > 7000 mg/dL, increased chylomicrons, normal B and pre-B-lipoproteins, and increased L-lipoproteins with an elevated Apolipoprotein B. Despite these derangements, the patient did not exhibit any abdominal complaints, demonstrating a normal lipase level. The physical exam was indicative of bilateral arcus senilis and obesity. Insulin drip was initiated along with intravenous (IV) hydration and it required 12 days to bring triglycerides down to less than 1000 mg/dL. The total cholesterol was also seen to be down trending to around 500 mg/dL and the HDL improved to 22 mg/dL. We present this case as a unique presentation of asymptomatic chylomicronemia resistant to insulin treatment with an elevated ApoB but with no evidence of pancreatitis or coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunak Mangeshkar
- Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Natalia Nazarenko
- Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Dimitrios Varrias
- Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Michail Spanos
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Pawel Borkowski
- Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Majd Al Deen Alhuarrat
- Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Weijia Li
- Cardiology, AdventHealth Orlando, Orlando, USA
| | | | - Robert T Faillace
- Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, New York, USA
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