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Yu Y, Ren S, Shang L, Zuo B, Li G, Gou J, Zhang W. Prolonged joint cavity retention of tranexamic acid achieved by a solid-in-oil-in-gel system: A preliminary study. Int J Pharm 2024; 660:124334. [PMID: 38871135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an anti-fibrinolysis agent widely used in postoperative blood loss management. As a highly water-soluble drug, TXA is suffering from rapid clearance from the action site, therefore, large amount of drug is required when administered either by intravenously or topically. In this study, a TXA preparation with prolonged action site residence was designed using the nano-micro strategy. TXA nanoparticles were dispersed in oil by emulsification followed by lyophilization to give a solid-in-oil suspension, which was used as the oil phase for the preparation of TXA-loaded solid-in-oil-in-water (TXA@S/O/W) system. The particle size of TXA in oil was 207.4 ± 13.50 nm, and the particle size of TXA@S/O/W was 40.5 μm. The emulsion-in-gel system (TXA@S/O/G) was prepared by dispersing TXA@S/O/W in water solution of PLGA-b-PEG-b-PLGA (PPP). And its gelling temperature was determined to be 26.6 ℃ by a rheometer. Sustained drug release was achieved by TXA@S/O/G with 72.85 ± 7.52 % of TXA released at 120 h. Formulation retention at the joint cavity was studied by live imaging, and the fluorescent signals dropped gradually during one week. Drug escape from the injection site via drainage and absorption was investigated by a self-made device and plasma TXA concentration determination, respectively. TXA@S/O/G showed the least drug drainage during test, while more than 70 % of drug was drained in TXA@S/O/W group and TXA solution group. Besides, low yet steady plasma TXA concentration (less than 400 ng/mL) was found after injecting TXA@S/O/G into rat knees at a dosage of 2.5 mg/kg, which was much lower than those of TXA dissolved in PPP gel or TXA solution. In conclusion, sustained drug release as well as prolonged action site retention were simultaneously achieved by the designed TXA@S/O/G system. More importantly, due to the steady plasma concentration, this strategy could be further applied to other highly water-soluble drugs with needs on sustained plasma exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shuang Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100035, China
| | | | | | - Guofei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Jingxin Gou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100035, China.
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2
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Zhao X, Huang W, Lin S, Chen X, Guo X, Zou D, Ye G. Density Functional Theory Guide for an Allyl Monomer Polymerization Mechanism: Photoinduced Radical-Mediated [3 + 2] Cyclization. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:15608-15616. [PMID: 34179605 PMCID: PMC8223207 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polymerization of allyl ether monomers has previously been considered a free-radical addition polymerization mechanism, but it is difficult to achieve because of the high electron density of their double bond. To interpret the mechanism of photopolymerization, we therefore proposed a radical-mediated cyclization (RMC) reaction, which has been validated by results from quantum chemistry calculations and real-time infrared observation. Our RMC reaction begins with the radical abstracting one allylic hydrogen atom from the methylene group of allyl ether to generate an allyl ether radical with a delocalized π3 3 bond. Then, the radical reacts with the double bond of a second allyl ether molecule to form a five-membered cyclopentane-like ring (CP) radical. The CP radical abstracts a hydrogen atom from a third ether molecule. At last, a new allyl ether radical is generated and the next circulation as chain propagation begins. The distortion/interaction model was employed to explore the transient state of reaction, and real-time infrared was chosen to clarify the RMC reaction mechanism initiated by different photoinitiators. These results demonstrated that the RMC mechanism can give new insights into these fundamental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhao
- Chengdu
Second Peoples Hospital, Chengdu 610017, P.R. China
| | - Wanqiu Huang
- Guangdong
Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shibo Lin
- Chengdu
Second Peoples Hospital, Chengdu 610017, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Chengdu
Second Peoples Hospital, Chengdu 610017, P.R. China
| | - Xirui Guo
- Chengdu
Second Peoples Hospital, Chengdu 610017, P.R. China
| | - Dehong Zou
- Chengdu
Second Peoples Hospital, Chengdu 610017, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Ye
- The
Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, P.R. China
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3
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Zhao X, Huang W, Li X, Lin R, Li Q, Wu J, Yu Z, Zhou Y, Huang H, Yu M, Huang Y, Ye G. One-step preparation of photoclick method for embolic microsphere synthesis and assessment for transcatheter arterial embolization. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 166:94-102. [PMID: 34118437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Vascular embolization is a well-known therapeutic treatment against hepatocellular carcinoma. However, existing embolic agents require complex synthesis, toxic organic solvents and sometimes produce only low yields. In this study, a novel photopolymerization technique, which addresses these issues, was used to prepare embolic microspheres successfully from the sucrose multi-allyl ether monomer in one step. Compared to the preparation of such microspheres always involved in multiple steps or complicated conditions, we obtained the microspheres used photoclick method in a soft template with simple, economic and feasible procedure. This work focuses on the synthesis of new materials by conducting a photopolymerzation in the presence of the sucrose monomer and the photoinitiator. Then, the embolic microspheres obtained were characterized by morphology assay, degradation, and swelling test. Cell experiments showed that the microspheres had good biocompatibility. Rabbit embolizations showed that the microspheres had long-term embolic effects. It is manifested that one-step preparation of photoclick method hold great potential and competitiveness of being used in preparation embolic microspheres in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Wanqiu Huang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Xufeng Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, PR China
| | - Runxing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Qiuxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Jingmiao Wu
- Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Zongjun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Yanfang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Hong Huang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, PR China
| | - Mingguang Yu
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, PR China
| | - Yugang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Guodong Ye
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, PR China; The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510799, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China.
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Khartabil H, Doudet L, Allart-Simon I, Ponce-Vargas M, Gérard S, Hénon E. Mechanistic insights into Smiles rearrangement. Focus on π-π stacking interactions along the radical cascade. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6840-6848. [PMID: 32845268 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01511c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of new arene and heteroarene scaffolds of therapeutic interest has generated a renewed interest in the domino radical cyclisation-Smiles. In this work we present a detailed mechanistic investigation of the radical version of a cascade involving a desulfonative Smiles rearrangement on an aromatic ring bearing a sulfonamide linker. Competing routes have been explored to characterize the molecular mechanism of the studied reaction. The knowledge gained from previous experimental observations is explained through the energy profile obtained by means of quantum mechanical calculations. This study answers questions about the rate determining step and the type of mechanism involved (two-step or concerted). Supplementary rate constant calculations as well as quantum molecular dynamics support experimental observations. An IGM-δg analysis performed along the reaction path unveils and quantifies an intramolecular π-π stacking interaction accelerating the reaction. This novel post processing IGM-δg tool based on the electron density, turns out to be useful to monitor and quantify specific intramolecular weak interactions along a reaction path from wave functions. From this mechanistic investigation it turns out that Smiles rearrangement here takes place in two steps rather than in a direct intramolecular radical substitution. Furthermore, we show that chain length effects must be taken into account in the functionalization of new sulfonylated derivatives subjected to this radical cascade, given their influence in the reaction rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Khartabil
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims UMR CNRS 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Moulin de la Housse 51687, Reims Cedex 02 BP39, France.
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Huang W, Lin R, Zhao X, Li Q, Huang Y, Ye G. How does a weak interaction change from a reactive complex to a saddle point in a reaction? COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2019.112640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Efficient synthesis, characterization, and application of biobased scab-bionic hemostatic polymers. Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-020-0315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zhao X, Huang W, Song D, Lin R, Huang H, Huang J, Wu B, Huang Y, Ye G. The hydrogen transfer reaction between the substance of triplet state thioxanthone and alkane with sp 3 hybridization hydrogen. J Mol Model 2020; 26:56. [PMID: 32048049 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-4300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The activation or functionalization of the saturated C-H is an extremely active field at present. We have explored the triplet state thioxanthone in reactivity of the hydrogen transfer reaction between donors and acceptors. In our works, two donors with quasi-inert sp3 C-H of skipped diene (3,6-nonadiene) and cyclic acetals (benzodioxole) reacted with type II photoinitiators (triplet state of thioxanthone series, TXs) as acceptors are investigated. The excited energies of TXs were obtained by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). TXs show obvious photosensibility based on their low reorganization energies (< 60 kcal mol-1). The isoentropy reactions had linear geometries of transition state (TS). The distortion/interaction model was used to probe the existence of interaction between acceptors and donors in saddle point. The distortion energy and activation barrier of benzodioxole are much higher than those of the corresponding 3,6-nonadiene. The lower bond dissociation energy noticeably affect the transition state. The reaction of triplet state of TXs with skipped dienes were found to have an anomalous low tunneling factors by using Wigner correction and early transition state by using the bond-energy-bond-order method. The triplet state of TXs photoinitiator can induced the hydrogen abstraction from saturated cyclic acetals and the skipped alkadienes. The hydrogen abstraction experiment are confirmed by UV and real-time FTIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Runxing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Yugang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Guodong Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China.
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