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Wang W, Xiao B, Yu L, Wang H, Qi J, Xi Y, Deng G, Gu X, Xu G. Effect of species, concentration and volume of local anesthetics on intervertebral disk degeneration in rats with discoblock. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2022; 31:2960-2971. [PMID: 36152221 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-022-07398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Discoblock is effective in relieving discogenic low back pain, but it can also cause intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD). The effect of species, concentration and volume of local anesthetics on IDD with discoblock have not been reported. The purpose was to study the effect of species, concentration and volume of local anesthetics on IDD in rats undergoing discoblock. METHODS The effects of local anesthetics on nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) viability in vitro were studied. NPCs were exposed to lidocaine, bupivacaine and ropivacaine at different concentrations. NPC viability was measured. The least cytotoxic local anesthetic was used in vivo. The concentration and volume of local anesthetics on IDD in rat with discoblocks were tested in vivo. Detection indicators included X-ray, MRI, water content of the disk and histological changes. RESULTS The toxicity of local anesthetics to NPCs was dose and time dependent, and the cytotoxicity of different local anesthetics was different. Among the three local anesthetics, ropivacaine was the least toxic to NPCs. The effect of ropivacaine concentration on IDD was not significant, as detected by X-ray, MRI, disk water content and histology (P < 0.05). The volume of ropivacaine has a significant effect on IDD, as supported by X-ray, MRI, disk water content and histology (P < 0.05). Acupuncture itself significantly increased IDD, as detected by MRI, disk water content and histology (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Ropivacaine should be selected for its low cytotoxicity. A lower volume and slow injection speed should be used to reduce IDD during discoblock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, NO.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bing Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, NO.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 73Rd Group Army Hospital of PLA, NO.94-96 Wenyuan Road, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Haotian Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, NO.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiang Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, NO.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhai Xi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, NO.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoying Deng
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 650 Xin Songjiang Road, NO, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Gu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 1111, Xianxia Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, NO.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Li Z, Li Z, Chen Z, Sun H, Yuan Z, Wang X, Wei J, Cao X, Zheng D. Andrographolide contributes to spinal cord injury repair via inhibition of apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:949502. [PMID: 36278181 PMCID: PMC9585304 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.949502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common disorder of the central nervous system with considerable socio-economic burden. Andrographolide (Andro), the main active component of Andrographis paniculata, has exhibited neuroprotective effects in different models of neurological diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Andro against SCI and explore the related mechanisms. Methods: SCI was induced in rats by the Allen method, and the modeled animals were randomly divided into sham-operated, SCI, SCI + normal saline (NS) and SCI + Andro groups. The rats were injected intraperitoneally with Andro (1 mg/kg) or the same volume of NS starting day one after the establishment of the SCI model for 28 consecutive days. Post-SCI tissue repair and functional recovery were evaluated by measuring the spinal cord water content, footprint tests, Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scores, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Nissl staining. Apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as axonal regeneration and remyelination were analyzed using suitable markers. The in vitro model of SCI was established by treating cortical neurons with H2O2. The effects of Andro on apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation were evaluated as indicated. Results: Andro treatment significantly improved tissue repair and functional recovery after SCI by reducing apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation through the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf-2/HO-1) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Furthermore, Andro treatment promoted M2 polarization of the microglial cells and contributed to axonal regeneration and remyelination to improve functional recovery after SCI. In addition, Andro also attenuated apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation in H2O2-stimulated cortical neurons in vitro. Conclusion: Andro treatment alleviated SCI by reducing apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation in the injured tissues and cortical neurons, and promoted axonal regeneration and remyelination for functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zehui Li
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenyue Chen
- The First Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - He Sun
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhagen Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaochao Wang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinqiang Wei
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuewei Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Decai Zheng, ; Xuewei Cao,
| | - Decai Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Decai Zheng, ; Xuewei Cao,
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Andrographolide promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and spatial memory in the APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22904. [PMID: 34824314 PMCID: PMC8616902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01977-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer´s disease (AD) there is a reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis that has been associated to cognitive deficits. Previously we showed that Andrographolide (ANDRO), the main bioactive component of Andrographis paniculate, induces proliferation in the hippocampus of the APPswe/PSEN1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) mouse model of AD as assessed by staining with the mitotic marker Ki67. Here, we further characterized the effect of ANDRO on hippocampal neurogenesis in APP/PS1 mice and evaluated the contribution of this process to the cognitive effect of ANDRO. Treatment of 8-month-old APP/PS1 mice with ANDRO for 4 weeks increased proliferation in the dentate gyrus as evaluated by BrdU incorporation. Although ANDRO had no effect on neuronal differentiation of newborn cells, it strongly increased neural progenitors, neuroblasts and newborn immature neurons, cell populations that were decreased in APP/PS1 mice compared to age-matched wild-type mice. ANDRO had no effect on migration or in total dendritic length, arborization and orientation of immature neurons, suggesting no effects on early morphological development of newborn neurons. Finally, ANDRO treatment improved the performance of APP/PS1 mice in the object location memory task. This effect was not completely prevented by co-treatment with the anti-mitotic drug TMZ, suggesting that other effects of ANDRO in addition to the increase in neurogenesis might underlie the observed cognitive improvement. Altogether, our data indicate that in APP/PS1 mice ANDRO stimulates neurogenesis in the hippocampus by inducing proliferation of neural precursor cells and improves spatial memory performance.
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Zhang L, Zhang L, Guo F. MiRNA-494-3p Regulates Bupivacaine-Induced Neurotoxicity by the CDK6-PI3K/AKT Signaling. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:2007-2017. [PMID: 34652691 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00427-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bupivacaine (BUP) is a long-acting amide local anesthetic that may induce strong neurotoxicity and neurological complications. In this study, we elucidate the influence of microRNA-494-3p (miR-494-3p) in BUP-induced neurotoxicity in primary mouse hippocampal neuronal cells. In this study, primary hippocampal neurons were isolated from neonatal C57BL/6 mice. The isolated neurons were treated with various doses of BUP. MTT assay was conducted to analyze neuronal viability. Gene expression measurement was done by RT-qPCR. The impact of miR-494-3p in BUP-mediated neural injury was examined using TUNEL, flow cytometry, western blotting, and ROS activity detection. The regulatory relationship between miR-494-3p and cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK6) was identified using a luciferase reporter assay. BUP treatment led to neurotoxicity and miR-494-3p upregulation in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Functionally, miR-494-3p depletion alleviated neuronal apoptosis and oxidative damage induced by BUP. We verified that miR-494-3p targeted and negatively modulated CDK6. MiR-494-3p depletion also activated PI3K/AKT signaling by elevating CDK6 expression in BUP-treated neurons. Furthermore, CDK6 knockdown or PI3K/AKT inactivation attenuated the neuroprotective role of miR-494-3p depletion. Silencing miR-494-3p exerts neuroprotective function in hippocampal neuronal cells against BUP-induced injury by the CDK6-PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Zhang
- Deparment of Anesthesia Resuscitation Room, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361004, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Deparment of Surgical Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361004, China
| | - Fengying Guo
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Siming District, 1854 Xinjing Garden, Luling Road, Xiamen, 361004, Fujian, China.
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Sridharan B, Lee MJ. Ketogenic diet: A promising neuroprotective composition for managing Alzheimer's diseases and its pathological mechanisms. Curr Mol Med 2021; 22:640-656. [PMID: 34607541 DOI: 10.2174/1566524021666211004104703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ketogenic diet and ketone bodies gained significant attention in recent years due to their ability to influence the specific energy metabolism and restoration of mitochondrial homeostasis that can help in hindering the progression of many metabolic diseases including diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Ketogenic diet consists of high fat and low carbohydrate contents which makes the body glucose deprived and rely on alternative sources (ketone bodies) for energy. It has been initially designed and supplemented for the treatment of epilepsy and later its influence on many energy-deriving biochemical pathways made it a highly sorted food supplement for many metabolic diseases and even by healthy individuals for body building and calorie restriction. Among the reported therapeutic action over a range of diseases, neurodegenerative disorders especially Alzheimer's disease gained the attention of many researchers and clinicians because of its potency and its easier supplementation as a food additive. Complex pathology and multiple influencing factors of Alzheimer's disease make exploration of its therapeutic strategies a demanding task. It was a common phenomenon that energy deprivation in neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease, to progress rapidly. The ability of ketone bodies to stabilize the mitochondrial energy metabolism makes it a suitable intervening agent. In this review, we will discuss various research progress made with regards to ketone bodies/ketogenic diet for management of Alzheimer's disease and elaborate in detail about the mechanisms that are influenced during their therapeutic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badrinathan Sridharan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168 Jifeng East Road, Taichung. Taiwan
| | - Meng-Jen Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168 Jifeng East Road, Taichung. Taiwan
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Motta JR, Jung IEDC, Azzolin VF, Teixeira CF, Braun LE, De Oliveira Nerys DA, Motano MAE, Duarte MMMF, Maia-Ribeiro EA, da Cruz IBM, Barbisan F. Avocado oil (Persea americana) protects SH-SY5Y cells against cytotoxicity triggered by cortisol by the modulation of BDNF, oxidative stress, and apoptosis molecules. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13596. [PMID: 33480081 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic psycho-environmental stress can induce neurological dysfunction due to an increase in cortisol levels. It is possible that some food supplements could attenuate its negative impact, such as avocado oil (AO), which is rich in fatty acids with beneficial effects on the brain. This hypothesis was tested by an in vitro model using undifferentiated neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) exposed to hydrocortisone (HC), an active cortisol molecule with and without AO-supplementation. Cortisol can induce oxidative stress, apoptosis events, and a lowering effect on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurogenic molecule. As AO protective effects on HC-exposed cells could involve these routes, some markers of these routes were compared among neuroblastoma cultures. In the first assay, the range concentrations of HC exposure that trigger cell mortality and range AO-concentrations that could revert the HC effect. AO at all concentrations tested (2-30 µg/ml) did not present a cytotoxic effect on SH-SY5Y cells, whereas HC at 0.3-10 ng/ml had a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on these cells. From these results, HC at 10 ng/ml and AO at 5 µg/ml were chosen for mechanistic analysis. AO was able to decrease the oxidative molecules; however, both AO- and HC-induced differential and varied gene expression modulation of these enzymes. AO partially reverted the protein and gene expression of apoptotic markers that were higher in HC-exposed cells. AO also increases the BDNF levels, which are lower HC-exposed cultures. The results indicate that AO could be a beneficial supplement in situations where cortisol levels are elevated, including chronic psycho-environmental stress. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Psychological chronic stress that induces high cortisol exposure has been linked to premature aging and decreased healthy life expectancy. Neurobiological models involving cortisol have suggested a neurotoxic effect of this molecule, increasing the risk of psychiatric and other CNTDs. This effect can have a high impact mainly in infants and elderly people. In child abuse situations, chronic cortisol exposure could induce extensive apoptosis events, causing impairment in synaptogenesis. In both age groups, chronic cortisol exposure increased the risk of psychiatric conditions, especially anxiety and major depression. However, it is possible that the negative effects associated with chronic cortisol exposure could be attenuated by some food supplements. This is the case for molecules acquired through diet, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including omega-3. As inadequate omega-3 levels in the brain can increase the risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders, it is possible to infer that some from food supplements, such as avocado oil, could attenuate the neurotoxic effects of chronic cortisol exposure. This hypothesis was tested using an exploratory in vitro protocol, and the results suggested that avocado oil could be used as a cytoprotective food supplement by decreasing the oxidative stress and apoptotic events induced by cortisol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Rosso Motta
- Graduate Program in Gerontology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luiza Elizabete Braun
- Biogenomics Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marta Maria Medeiros Frescura Duarte
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Health Sciences Center, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernanda Barbisan
- Graduate Program in Gerontology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Pharmacology Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Ren Y, Kinghorn AD. Development of Potential Antitumor Agents from the Scaffolds of Plant-Derived Terpenoid Lactones. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15410-15448. [PMID: 33289552 PMCID: PMC7812702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring terpenoid lactones and their synthetic derivatives have attracted increasing interest for their promising antitumor activity and potential utilization in the discovery and design of new antitumor agents. In the present perspective article, selected plant-derived five-membered γ-lactones and six-membered δ-lactones that occur with terpenoid scaffolds are reviewed, with their structures, cancer cell line cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor activity, structure-activity relationships, mechanism of action, and the potential for developing cancer chemotherapeutic agents discussed in each case. The compounds presented include artemisinin (ART, 1), parthenolide (PTL, 2), thapsigargin (TPG, 3), andrographolide (AGL, 4), ginkgolide B (GKL B, 5), jolkinolide B (JKL B, 6), nagilactone E (NGL E, 7), triptolide (TPL, 8), bruceantin (BRC, 9), dichapetalin A (DCT A, 10), and limonin (LMN, 11), and their naturally occurring analogues and synthetic derivatives. It is hoped that this contribution will be supportive of the future development of additional efficacious anticancer agents derived from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Ren
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - A. Douglas Kinghorn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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Mirkheshti A, Shakeri A, Memary E, Baniasadi M, Zaringhalam J, Tajbakhsh A, Mirzaei M, Lak E. Maternal sciatic nerve administered bupivacaine induces hippocampal cell apoptosis in offspring. BMC Anesthesiol 2020; 20:228. [PMID: 32894054 PMCID: PMC7487602 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-020-01143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bupivacaine, an amid-type local anesthetic, is widely used for clinical patients especially in pregnant women. In addition to neurotoxicity effect of bupivacaine, it can cross the placenta, accumulates in this tissue and retained in fetal tissues. Nevertheless, whether bupivacaine can cause neurotoxicity in fetus remains unclear. Hence, this study was design to investigate the effects of maternal bupivacaine use on fetus hippocampal cell apoptosis and the possible related mechanism. METHODS On day 15 of pregnancy, sciatic nerve of pregnant wistar rat (180-200 g) were exposed by lateral incision of the right thigh and 0.2 ml of bupivacaine was injected. After their delivery, we randomly selected one male offspring of every mother. On day 30 after of their birth, the rat's hippocampi were isolated for molecular studies. Western blotting was used to examine the expression of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-8 and p-Akt in fetal hippocampus. RESULTS Our results showed that maternal bupivacaine use caused a significant increment of cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-8 expression in fetal hippocampus compared with the sham group. In addition, maternally administered bupivacaine could significantly decrease hippocampal P.Akt/T.Akt ratio which was concurrent with an increment of cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-8 expression. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that maternal bupivacaine use increases fetal hippocampal cell apoptosis markers such as caspase 8 and cleaved caspase 3, at least in part, via inhibiting the Akt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mirkheshti
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717443, Iran
| | - Alireza Shakeri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717443, Iran
| | - Elham Memary
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717443, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Baniasadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Zaringhalam
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ardeshir Tajbakhsh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717443, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mirzaei
- Department of Gynecology, Tehran Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elena Lak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wang DP, Chen SH, Wang D, Kang K, Wu YF, Su SH, Zhang YY, Hai J. Neuroprotective effects of andrographolide on chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced hippocampal neuronal damage in rats possibly via PTEN/AKT signaling pathway. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151514. [PMID: 32019701 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To explore the potential effects of andrographolide on chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH)-induced neuronal damage as well as the underlying mechanisms. Rat CCH model was established by 2-vessel occlusion (2VO). The CCH rats received andrographolide treatment for 4 weeks. The neuron loss was detected by using neuronal nuclei (NeuN) immunofluorescent staining. The expression levels of phospho-phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (p-PTEN), protein kinase B (AKT), p-AKT, and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3) proteins were accessed by Western blotting. Moreover, the neuronal apoptosis of hippocampus tissues was detected via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase- mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. CCH reduced the number of NeuN-positive cells, while the number was significant increased after andrographolide treatment. CCH increased the proteins expression level of p-PTEN, Caspase-3, and decreased the p-AKT, which were reversed by andrographolide treatment. Furthermore, andrographolide treatment also down-regulated CCH-induced TUNEL-apoptosis rate. Our results suggest that the PTEN/AKT pathway may be modulated by andrographolide and the damaging effects of CCH on hippocampus may be ameliorated by andrographolide treatment. Andrographolide may act as a potential therapeutic approach for chronic ischemic insults.
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