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Ebrahimi M, Dabbagh A, Madadi F. Propofol-induced hippocampal Neurotoxicity: A mitochondrial perspective. Brain Res 2024; 1831:148841. [PMID: 38428475 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Propofol is a frequently used anesthetic. It can induce neurodegeneration and inhibit neurogenesis in the hippocampus. This effect may be temporary. It can, however, become permanent in vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, who are more susceptible to Alzheimer's disease, and neonates and children, whose brains are still developing and require neurogenesis. Current clinical practice strategies have failed to provide an effective solution to this problem. In addition, the molecular mechanism of this toxicity is not fully understood. Recent advances in molecular research have revealed that apoptosis, in close association with mitochondria, is a crucial mechanism through which propofol contributes to hippocampal toxicity. Preventing the toxicity of propofol on the hippocampus has shown promise in in-vivo, in-vitro, and to a lesser extent human studies. This study seeks to provide a comprehensive literature review of the effects of propofol toxicity on the hippocampus via mitochondria and to suggest translational suggestions based on these molecular results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ebrahimi
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Dabbagh
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Madadi
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ye Z, Wang J, Fang F, Wang Y, Liu Z, Shen C, Hu Y. Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po decoction alleviates depressive-like behavior and promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in chronic unpredictable mild stress induced mice via activating the BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117355. [PMID: 37890805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zhi-Zi-Hou-Po decoction (ZZHP), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) classic recipe, has been extensively applied for the remedy of depression. However, the underlying mechanism of ZZHP hasn't been fully elucidated and it needs to be further clarified. AIM OF STUDY The aim of the study is to uncover the mechanisms of ZZHP's effect on depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were employed to establish Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS) models. Behavioral tests were conducted for evaluating the antidepressant effects of ZZHP. Then, the monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus through High Performance Liquid Chromatography Electrochemical Detection (HPLC-ECD) were utilized to assess the effect of ZZHP on the maintenance of monoamine neurotransmitter homeostasis. Immunofluorescence staining and Golgi staining were detected to analyze the effects of ZZHP on neuroplasticity in the hippocampus. Western Blot (WB) was utilized to examine the effects of ZZHP on BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathways. Finally, behavioral tests, WB and immunofluorescence staining were repeated after TrkB receptor antagonist was added to further confirm the underlying mechanism. RESULTS Our results shown that ZZHP attenuated depressive-like symptoms in CUMS mice. Moreover, ZZHP remarkably reversed the reduction and maintained the homeostasis of monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus. Simultaneously, ZZHP protected neuronal synaptic plasticity and promoted hippocampal neurogenesis. Furthermore, ZZHP stimulated the BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway in the hippocampus. The addition of TrkB receptor antagonist inhibited the antidepressant effects of ZZHP, suggesting that ZZHP could not work without triggering the BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that ZZHP can alleviate depressive-like behavior and promote hippocampal neurogenesis in CUMS mice via activating the BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyi Ye
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 138, Xianlin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Jinwen Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 138, Xianlin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Fei Fang
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 138, Xianlin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Yaya Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 138, Xianlin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Zhebin Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 138, Xianlin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Chunfeng Shen
- Shen Chun-ti Nation-Famous Experts Studio for Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance, Changzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yue Hu
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, NO. 138, Xianlin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China; Shen Chun-ti Nation-Famous Experts Studio for Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance, Changzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China.
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Atallah M, Yamashita T, Hu X, Hu X, Abe K. Edaravone Confers Neuroprotective, Anti-inflammatory, and Antioxidant Effects on the Fetal Brain of a Placental-ischemia Mouse Model. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2023; 18:640-656. [PMID: 37924374 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-023-10095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) is a well-established model which mimics many clinical features of preeclampsia (PE). Edaravone is a free radical scavenger with neuroprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against different models of cerebral ischemia. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the different potential mechanisms through which PE affects fetal brain development using our previously established RUPP-placental ischemia mouse model. In addition, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of edaravone against the RUPP-induced fetal brain development alterations. On gestation day (GD) 13, pregnant mice were divided into four groups; sham (SV), edaravone (SE), RUPP (RV), and RUPP+edaravone (RE). SV and SE groups underwent sham surgeries, however, RV and RE groups were subjected to RUPP surgery via bilateral uterine ligation. Edaravone (3mg/kg) was injected via tail i.v. injection from GD 14-18. The fetal brains from different groups were collected on GD 18 and subjected to further investigations. The results showed that RUPP altered the structure of fetal brain cortex, induced neurodegeneration, increased the expression of the investigated pro-inflammatory markers; TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MMP-9. RUPP resulted in microglial and astrocyte activation in the fetal brains, in addition to upregulation of Hif-1α and iNOS. Edaravone conferred a neuroprotective effect via alleviating the inflammatory response, restoring the neuronal structure and decreasing oxidative stress in the developing fetal brain. In conclusion, RUPP-placental ischemia mouse model could be a useful tool to further understand the underlying mechanisms of PE-induced child neuronal alterations. Edaravone could be a potential adjuvant therapy during PE to protect the developing fetal brain. The current study investigated the effects of a placenta-induced ischemia mouse model using reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) surgery on the fetal brain development and the potential neuroprotective effects of the drug edaravone. The study found that the RUPP model caused neurodegeneration and a pro-inflammatory response in the developing fetal brain, as well as hypoxia and oxidative stress. However, maternal injection of edaravone showed a strong ability to protect against these detrimental effects and target multiple pathways associated with neuronal damage. The current study suggests that the RUPP model could be useful for further study of the impact of preeclampsia on fetal brain development and that edaravone may have potential as a therapy for protecting against this damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Atallah
- Vertebrates Comparative Anatomy and Embryology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shibin El-Koom, Egypt.
| | - Toru Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Neurology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Xinran Hu
- Department of Neurology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koji Abe
- Department of Neurology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), National Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Sun N, Cui WQ, Min XM, Zhang GM, Liu JZ, Wu HY. A new perspective on hippocampal synaptic plasticity and post-stroke depression. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:2961-2984. [PMID: 37518943 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Post-stroke depression, a common complication after stroke, severely affects the recovery and quality of life of patients with stroke. Owing to its complex mechanisms, post-stroke depression treatment remains highly challenging. Hippocampal synaptic plasticity is one of the key factors leading to post-stroke depression; however, the precise molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Numerous studies have found that neurotrophic factors, protein kinases and neurotransmitters influence depressive behaviour by modulating hippocampal synaptic plasticity. This review further elaborates on the role of hippocampal synaptic plasticity in post-stroke depression by summarizing recent research and analysing possible molecular mechanisms. Evidence for the correlation between hippocampal mechanisms and post-stroke depression helps to better understand the pathological process of post-stroke depression and improve its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sun
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Cui
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Man Min
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guang-Ming Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jia-Zheng Liu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hong-Yun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Zhang J, Li Y. Propofol-Induced Developmental Neurotoxicity: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1017-1032. [PMID: 36854650 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Propofol is the most commonly used intravenous general anesthetic in clinical anesthesia, and it is also widely used in general anesthesia for pregnant women and infants. Some clinical and preclinical studies have found that propofol causes damage to the immature nervous system, which may lead to neurodevelopmental disorders and cognitive dysfunction in infants and children. However, its potential molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies have found that some exogenous drugs and interventions can effectively alleviate propofol-induced neurotoxicity. In this review, we focus on the relevant preclinical studies and summarize the latest findings on the potential mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of propofol-induced developmental neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.,Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
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Chang C, Bai W, Li J, Huo S, Wang T, Shao J. Effects of Subchronic Propofol Administration on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells in Rat Hippocampus. CURRENT THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH 2023; 98:100691. [PMID: 36798524 PMCID: PMC9925857 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2023.100691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Although controversial, experimental data suggest the use of propofol may be associated with neurotoxicity. The mechanisms responsible for propofol neurotoxicity in animals are not yet clear. Objective This study aimed to determine the effects of propofol on the proliferation of neural stem cells in rat hippocampus and the mechanisms underlying these effects. Methods Forty-five adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: Control (N group), intralipid (V group), 30 mg/kg propofol (Prop30 group), 60 mg/kg propofol (Prop60 group), and 120 mg/kg propofol (Prop120 group). The rats in all groups received 5, once daily intraperitoneal injections. For each of the 5 days, the N group received 6 mL/kg normal saline, the V group received 6 mL/kg fat emulsion, the Prop30 group received 30 mg/kg propofol, the Prop60 group received 60 mg/kg propofol, and the Prop120 group received 120 mg/kg propofol. Memory function was scored daily using the Morris water maze test. Immunofluorescence staining was used to histologically monitor the proliferation and differentiation of the rats' hippocampal neural stem cells, and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to determine the expression of Notch3, Hes1, and Hes5. Results Compared with the N group, the Prop120 group exhibited reduced learning and memory, whereas there were no significant differences for the Prop60 group. The number of β-tubulin III+ cells increased in the Prop60 group, but decreased in the Prop120 group. Compared with the N group, the relative expression of Notch3 and Hes5 increased significantly in the Prop60 group, whereas this expression decreased in the Prop120 group. Conclusions These data demonstrate that repeated, subchronic (5 days) intraperitoneal injections of 60 mg/kg propofol can effectively promote rat hippocampal neural stem cells proliferation and differentiation, and that this is likely mediated by its effects on the Notch3-Hes5 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China,Department of anesthesiology, The first people's hospital of huaihua, huaihua, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wenya Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Siying Huo
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Tinghua Wang
- Experimental Animal Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jianlin Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China,Address correspondence to: Jian-Lin Shao, PhD, Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Rd, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China.
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Xu G, Wang Y, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhang G. Esketamine improves propofol-induced brain injury and cognitive impairment in rats. Transl Neurosci 2022; 13:430-439. [PMID: 36561289 PMCID: PMC9730546 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As an intravenous anesthetic, propofol has been indicated to induce neurotoxicity in both animal and human brains. It is of great significance to better understand the potential mechanism of propofol-induced neurotoxicity to eliminate the side effects of propofol. Esketamine is a sedative that has been proven to have an antidepressant effect. However, its effect on propofol-induced neurotoxicity and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the role of esketamine in propofol-induced brain injury. A rat model of propofol-induced brain injury was established with or without the treatment of esketamine. The results demonstrated that propofol-induced impairment in spatial learning and memory of rats and promoted oxidative stress, neuronal injury and apoptosis in rat hippocampal tissues. The effects caused by propofol were attenuated by esketamine. Esketamine activated the mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin receptor kinase B/phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (mBDNF/TrkB/PI3K) signaling pathway in propofol-administrated rats. Moreover, knocking down BDNF partially reversed esketamine-mediated activation of the mBDNF/TrkB/PI3K signaling pathway and inhibition of neuronal apoptosis in propofol-induced rats. Overall, esketamine mitigates propofol-induced cognitive dysfunction and brain injury in rats by activating mBDNF/TrkB/PI3K signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Anesthesia Management, Urumqi 830001, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Anesthesia Management, Urumqi 830001, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Anesthesia Management, Urumqi 830001, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Anesthesia Management, Urumqi 830001, China
| | - Xuexue Zhang
- Graduate School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Guichao Zhang
- Medical School, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi, 832000, China
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Xiao F, Qin Y, Chen J, Li C, Qin Y, Wei Y, Xie Y. The propofol-induced mitochondrial damage in fetal rat hippocampal neurons via the AMPK/P53 signaling pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1106. [PMID: 36388781 PMCID: PMC9652519 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-4374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propofol is a commonly used general anesthetic that may cause neuronal damage, especially in infants and young children. Mitochondria play an essential role in cellular metabolism and signal transduction. Propofol may cause neurotoxicity by inhibiting mitochondrial function, but the mechanism by this which occurs remains unclear. METHODS First, the primary rat hippocampal neurons were cultured for 7 days in vitro. The neurons were incubated with propofol at different times or different concentrations, and then the adenosine triphosphate (ATP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis-related proteins were analyzed. Based on the results of the 1st phase, the neurons were then incubated with propofol (100 µM) or corresponding reagents, including 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide, tenovin-1, and pifithrin-α. Subsequently, the ATP, ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential, phospho-adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), protein 53 (p53), and related apoptosis proteins were analyzed. RESULTS Higher propofol concentrations or longer incubation times were associated with more pronounced decreases in ATP, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and mitochondrial membrane potential, and more pronounced increases in ROS, BCL2-associated X (Bax), Cytochrome C (CytC), and cleaved caspase-9. Additionally, after incubation with propofol (100 µM), neuronal Bcl-2, p-AMPK, ATP, and mitochondrial membrane potential were downregulated, and ROS, p53, CytC, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9 were upregulated. AMPK activators or p53 inhibitors reversed the above-mentioned changes. CONCLUSIONS Propofol (100 µM)-induced mitochondrial damage in fetal rat hippocampal neurons may be mediated by the AMPK/p53 signaling pathway. Propofol (100 µM) was shown to inhibit the activity of AMPK in neurons, upregulate the expression of p53, and then activate the mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathway, which may lead to neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chunlai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yinying Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yubo Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Lim SY, Cengiz P. Opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia: Is TrkB modulation a potential pharmacological solution? Neuropharmacology 2022; 220:109260. [PMID: 36165856 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Opioids are widely prescribed for moderate to severe pain in patients with acute illness, cancer pain, and chronic noncancer pain. However, long-term opioid use can cause opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH), contributing to the opioid misuse and addiction crisis. Strategies to mitigate opioid tolerance and OIH are needed to reduce opioid use and its sequelae. Currently, there are few effective pharmacological strategies that reduce opioid tolerance and OIH. The intrinsic tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) ligand, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), has been shown to modulate pain. The BDNF-TrkB signaling plays a role in initiating and sustaining elevated pain sensitivity; however, increasing evidence has shown that BDNF and 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), a potent blood-brain barrier-permeable ligand to TrkB, exert neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects that may protect against opioid tolerance and OIH. As such, TrkB signaling may be an important therapeutic avenue in opioid tolerance and OIH. Here, we review 1) the mechanisms of pain, opioid analgesia, opioid tolerance, and OIH; 2) the role of BDNF-TrkB in pain modulation; and 3) the neuroprotective effects of 7,8-DHF and their implications for opioid tolerance and OIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Yin Lim
- Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research Division, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, Madison, WI, United States.
| | - Pelin Cengiz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States; Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States.
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An Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis of the Potential Mechanisms Involved in Propofol Affecting Hippocampal Neuronal Cells. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:4911773. [PMID: 35515499 PMCID: PMC9064519 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4911773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to probe the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of propofol on HT22 cells. HT22 cells treated with different concentrations were sequenced, and then the results of the sequencing were analyzed for dynamic trends. Expression pattern clustering analysis was performed to demonstrate the expression of genes in the significant trend modules in each group of samples. We first chose the genes related to the trend module for WGCNA analysis, then constructed the PPI network of module genes related to propofol treatment group, and screened the key genes. Finally, GSEA analysis was performed on the key genes. Overall, 2,506 genes showed a decreasing trend with increasing propofol concentration, and 1,871 genes showed an increasing trend with increasing propofol concentration. WGCNA analysis showed that among them, turquoise panel genes were negatively correlated with propofol treatment, and genes with Cor R >0.9 in the turquoise panel were selected for PPI network construction. The MCC algorithm screened a total of five key genes (CD86, IL10RA, PTPRC, SPI1, and ITGAM). GSEA analysis showed that CD86, IL10RA, PTPRC, SPI1, and ITGAM are involved in the PRION_DISEASES pathway. Our study showed that propofol sedation can affect mRNA expression in the hippocampus, providing new ideas to identify treatment of nerve injury induced by propofol anesthesia.
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