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Zhou Y, She R, Mei Z, Liu D, Ge J. Crosstalk between ferroptosis and necroptosis in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and Naotaifang formula exerts neuroprotective effect via HSP90-GCN2-ATF4 pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155399. [PMID: 38850632 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a sequence of pathophysiological processes after blood recanalization in the patients with ischemic stroke, and has become the hinder for the rehabilitation. Naotaifang formula (NTF) has exhibited the clinical effectiveness for this disease. However, its action effects and molecular mechanisms against CIRI are not fully elucidated. PURPOSE The research was to clarify the crosstalk between ferroptosis and necroptosis in CIRI, and uncover the mechanism underlying the neuroprotection of NTF. METHODS This study established MCAO/R rat models with various reperfusion times. Western blot, transmission electron microscope, laser speckle imaging, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and pathological staining were conducted to detect and analyze the obtained results. Subsequently, various NTF doses were used to intervene in MCAO/R rats, and biology experiments, such as western blot, Evans blue, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry, were used to analyze the efficacy of NTF doses. The effect of NTF was further clarified through in vitro experiments. Eventually, HT22 cells that suffered OGD/R were subjected to pre-treatment with plasmids overexpressing HSP90, MLKL, and GPX4 to indicate the interaction among ferroptosis and necroptosis. RESULTS There was a gradual increase in the Zea Longa score and cerebral infarction volume following CIRI with prolonged reperfusion. Furthermore, the expression of factors associated with pro-ferroptosis and pro-necroptosis was upregulated in the cortex and hippocampus. NTF alleviated ferroptosis and necroptosis in a dose-dependent manner, downregulated HSP90 levels, reduced blood-brain barrier permeability, and thus protected nerve cells from CIRI. The results in vitro research aligned with those of the in vivo research. HSP90 and MLKL overexpression promoted necroptosis and ferroptosis while activating the GCN2-ATF4 pathway. GPX4 overexpression had no effect on necroptosis or the associated signaling pathway. The administration of NTF alone, as well as its combination with the overexpression of HSP90, MLKL, or GPX4 plasmids, decreased the expression levels of factors associated with pro-ferroptosis and pro-necroptosis and reduced the protein levels of the HSP90-GCN2-ATF4 pathway. Moreover, the regulatory effects of the NTF alone group on GSH, ferrous iron, and GCN2 were more significant compared with those of the HSP90 overexpression combination group. CONCLUSION Ferroptosis and necroptosis were gradually aggravated following CIRI with prolonged reperfusion. MLKL overexpression may promote ferroptosis and necroptosis, while GPX4 overexpression may have little effect on necroptosis. HSP90 overexpression accelerated both forms of cell death via the HSP90-GCN2-ATF4 pathway. NTF alleviated ferroptosis and necroptosis to attenuate CIRI by regulating the HSP90-GCN2-ATF4 pathway. Our research provided evidence for the potential of drug development by targeting HSP90, MLKL, and GPX4 to protect against ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Department of Scientific Research, Hunan Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Ruining She
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China.
| | - Danhong Liu
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
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Zhang L, Luo YL, Xiang Y, Bai XY, Qiang RR, Zhang X, Yang YL, Liu XL. Ferroptosis inhibitors: past, present and future. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1407335. [PMID: 38846099 PMCID: PMC11153831 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1407335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic mode of programmed cell death characterized by iron dependence and lipid peroxidation. Since the ferroptosis was proposed, researchers have revealed the mechanisms of its formation and continue to explore effective inhibitors of ferroptosis in disease. Recent studies have shown a correlation between ferroptosis and the pathological mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases, as well as diseases involving tissue or organ damage. Acting on ferroptosis-related targets may provide new strategies for the treatment of ferroptosis-mediated diseases. This article specifically describes the metabolic pathways of ferroptosis and summarizes the reported mechanisms of action of natural and synthetic small molecule inhibitors of ferroptosis and their efficacy in disease. The paper also describes ferroptosis treatments such as gene therapy, cell therapy, and nanotechnology, and summarises the challenges encountered in the clinical translation of ferroptosis inhibitors. Finally, the relationship between ferroptosis and other modes of cell death is discussed, hopefully paving the way for future drug design and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Yi Lin Luo
- School of Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- College of Physical Education, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Xin Yue Bai
- School of Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | | | - Xin Zhang
- School of Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Yan Ling Yang
- School of Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Xiao Long Liu
- School of Medicine, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
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Bai X, Wang S, Li N, Xu M, Chen JL, Qian YP, Wang TH. Role of Qufeng Tongqiao Prescription in the protection of cerebral ischemia and associated molecular network mechanism. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14475. [PMID: 38433560 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
To explore the of Qufeng Tongqiao Prescription in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) and associated molecular network mechanism. Venny diagram, gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI), hub genes mining, molecular docking, combined with animal experiments and Nissl stain were performed to determine the molecular network mechanism of Qufeng Tongqiao Prescription for CIR treatment. Fifty three intersecting genes between Qufeng Tongqiao Prescription and cerebral ischemia reperfusion were acquired from Venny analysis. GO analysis showed that the main biological process (BP) was response to lipopolysaccharide, and the main cell localization (CC) process was membrane raft, while the most important molecular function (MF) process is Cytokine receptor binding. Moreover, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications is the most important signaling pathway in KEGG pathway. Through molecular docking, it was found that Astragalus membranaceus was docked with MAPK14, IL4, FOS, IL6, and JUN; pueraria membranaceus was directly docked with JUN and IL4; Acorus acorus was linked to JUN and MAPK14; Ganoderma ganoderma and human were involved in JUN docking, and Ligusticum chuanqi and pueraria could not be docked with MAPK14, respectively. The results of animal experiments showed that Qufeng Tongqiao Prescription significantly improved behavioral performance and reduced the number of neuronal deaths in rats subjected to CIR, and molecular mechanisms are associated with FOS, IL-6, IL4, JUN, and MAPK14, of there, IL-6, as a vital candidator, which has been confirmed by immunostaining detection. Together, Qufeng Tongqiao Prescription has positive therapeutic effect on CIR, and the underlying mechanism is involved MAPK14, FOS, IL4, and JUN network, while IL-6 may be as a vital target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Department of Encephalopathy, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shen Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Animal Center, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Anatomy, College of basic medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ji-Lin Chen
- Animal Center, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan-Ping Qian
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Animal Center, Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Yang T, Liu X, Zhou Y, Du L, Fu Y, Luo Y, Zhang W, Feng Z, Ge J, Mei Z. Sanpian decoction ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating SIRT1/ERK/HIF-1α pathway through in silico analysis and experimental validation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116898. [PMID: 37467820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a complex pathophysiological process involving multiple factors, and becomes the footstone of rehabilitation after ischemic stroke. Sanpian decoction (SPD) has exhibited protective effects against CIRI, migraine, and other cerebral vascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study sought to explore the potential mechanisms underlying the effect of SPD against CIRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) were carried out to determine the chemical constituents of SPD. A network pharmacology approach combined with experimental verification was conducted to elucidate SPD's multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway mechanisms in CIRI occurrence. The pharmacodynamics of the decoction was evaluated by establishing the rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). In vivo and in vitro experiments were carried out, and the therapeutic effects of SPD were performed using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and Nissl staining. We used terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and flow cytometry to evaluate cortex apoptosis. The quantification of mRNA and corresponding proteins were performed using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot respectively. RESULTS Our research showed that pretreatment with SPD improved neurological function and inhibited CIRI. Network pharmacology revealed that the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway-mediated apoptosis may be associated with CIRI. In vivo and in vitro experiments, we confirmed that SPD increased cerebral blood flow, improved neural function, and reduced neural apoptosis via up-regulating the expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and down-regulating phospho-extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK)/ERK and HIF-1α levels in CIRI rats. CONCLUSION Taken together, the present study systematically revealed the potential targets and signaling pathways of SPD in the treatment of CIRI using in silico prediction and verified the therapeutic effects of SPD against CIRI via ameliorating apoptosis by regulating SIRT1/ERK/HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaolu Liu
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Lipeng Du
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Xiangyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiangyang, 441000, Hubei, China
| | - Yanan Luo
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Zhitao Feng
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China.
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China; Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, Hubei, China.
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Nie H, Ge J, Yang K, Peng Z, Wu H, Yang T, Mei Z. Naotaifang III Protects Against Cerebral Ischemia Injury Through LPS/TLR4 Signaling Pathway in the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:3571-3588. [PMID: 38058793 PMCID: PMC10697094 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s421658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Naotaifang III is a new Chinese herbal formula to treat IS. Previous studies have shown that Astragali Radix, Puerariae Lobatae Radix, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, and Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma in Naotaifang III were able to regulate the imbalance of intestinal microbiota during cerebral ischemia injury. Methods Rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, normal control group, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group, intestinal microbiota imbalance MCAO group, Naotaifang III group, and normal bacteria transplantation group, with 15 rats in each group. Then, neurological function scores and cerebral infarction volume were detected; haematoxylin and eosin staining and Golgi silver staining were used to observe morphological changes in brain tissue. Meanwhile, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cerebral cortex interleukin (IL)-1β were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the expressions of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) proteins were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. The cecal flora was detected by 16S rDNA. The results showed that gut dysbiosis aggravated cerebral ischemic injury and significantly increased the expression of LPS, TLR4, NF-κB, and IL-1β, which could be significantly reversed by Naotaifang III or normal bacterial transplantation. Naotaifang III may exert a protective effect on neuroinflammatory injury after MCAO through the LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway in the microbe-gut-brain axis. In summary, Naotaifang III may induce anti-neuroinflammatory molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways through the microbe-gut-brain axis. Results The results showed that gut dysbiosis aggravated cerebral ischemic injury and significantly increased the expression of LPS, TLR4, NF-κB, and IL-1β, which could be significantly reversed by Naotaifang III or normal bacterial transplantation. Naotaifang III may exert a protective effect on neuroinflammatory injury after MCAO through the LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway in the microbe-gut-brain axis. Conclusion Naotaifang III may induce anti-neuroinflammatory molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways through the microbe-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuli Peng
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haihui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People’s Republic of China
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Liao W, Wang M, Wu Y, Du J, Li Y, Su A, Zhong L, Xie Z, Gong M, Liang J, Wang P, Liu Z, Wang L. The mechanisms of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction in treating ischaemic stroke based on network pharmacology and experiment verification. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:1014-1029. [PMID: 37410583 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2230477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction (HGWD) is effective in treating ischaemic stroke (IS). However, its mechanism of action is still unclear. OBJECTIVE Network pharmacology integrated with in vivo experiments were used to clarify the underlying mechanisms of HGWD for treating IS. MATERIALS AND METHODS TCMSP, GeneCards, OMIM and STRING were used to retrieve and construct visual protein interaction networks for the key targets. The AutoDock tool was used for molecular docking between key targets and active compounds. The neuroprotective effect of HGWD were verified in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model rat. The Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into sham, model, low-dose (5 g/kg, i.g.), high-dose (20 g/kg, i.g.), and nimodipine (20 mg/kg, i.g.) groups once daily for 7 days. The neurological scores, brain infarct volumes, lipid peroxidation, inflammatory cytokines, Nissl bodies, apoptotic neurons, and signalling pathways were all investigated and evaluated in vivo. RESULTS Network pharmacology identified 117 HGWD targets related to IS and 36 candidate compounds. GO and KEGG analyses showed that HGWD anti-IS effects were mainly associated with PI3K-Akt and HIF-1 signalling pathways. HGWD effectively reduced the cerebral infarct volumes (19.19%), the number of apoptotic neurons (16.78%), and the release of inflammatory cytokines, etc. in MCAO rats. Furthermore, HGWD decreased the levels of HIF-1A, VEGFA, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, p-MAPK1, and p-c-Jun while increasing the expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT1, and Bcl-2. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study initially elucidated the mechanism of HGWD anti-IS, which contributed to the further promotion and secondary development of HGWD in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Liao
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Minchun Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Wu
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinyan Du
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Anyu Su
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lanying Zhong
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zi Xie
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingyu Gong
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junhui Liang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zai Liu
- Pharmacy Department, Dongguan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Liao J, Wei M, Wang J, Zeng J, Liu D, Du Q, Ge J, Mei Z. Naotaifang formula attenuates OGD/R-induced inflammation and ferroptosis by regulating microglial M1/M2 polarization through BMP6/SMADs signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115465. [PMID: 37713988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI), a subsequent injury caused by thrombolytic reperfusion post ischemic stroke (IS). Naotaifang (NTF) formula, a novel traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) remedy against IS, was shown to exert beneficial effects in inhibiting inflammation and inhibiting lipid peroxide synthesis in our previous research. PURPOSE This study aimed to further explore the role of NTF in attenuating oxygen-glucose deprivation//reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced inflammation and ferroptosis by regulating microglial M1/M2 polarization through the bone morphogenetic protein 6(BMP6)/SMADs signaling pathway. METHODS BV2 microglia were used to establish an OGD/R model. The effects of NTF on inflammation and ferroptosis in OGD/R-injured BV2 cells were separately detected by immunofluorescence assay, fluorescent probe, DCFH-DA flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and western-blot. RESULTS The present results revealed that the M1 phenotype of microglia promoted the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and aggravated ferroptosis and brain damage following OGD/R. However, an inhibitor of BMP6, LND-193189, reversed the aforementioned effects. Similarly, NTF promoted the shift of microglia from M1 to M2. Besides, NTF treatment effectively inhibited the expression of hepcidin, BMP6, SMADs and promoted the expression of ferroportin (FPN, SLC40A1) and γ-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine (glutathione or GSH) peroxidase 4 (GPX4). CONCLUSION Microglial M1/M2 polarization plays a pivotal role in inflammation and ferroptosis during OGD/R. The BMP6/SMADs signaling pathway is a potential therapeutical target of inflammation and ferroptosis induced by the transformation of microglia. Moreover, NTF could alleviate inflammation and ferroptosis through the BMP6/SMADs signaling pathway in OGD/R-injured microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liao
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Vascular Biology Laboratory, Medical College, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China.
| | - Mengzhen Wei
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Medical College, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Medical College, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Jinsong Zeng
- Neurosurgery Department, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China
| | - Danhong Liu
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Medical College, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Qiusi Du
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Medical College, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410031, China.
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China.
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Gomez-Verjan JC, Zepeda-Arzate EA, Santiago-de-la-Cruz JA, Estrella-Parra EA, Rivero-Segura NA. Unraveling the Neuroprotective Effect of Natural Bioactive Compounds Involved in the Modulation of Ischemic Stroke by Network Pharmacology. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1376. [PMID: 37895847 PMCID: PMC10609914 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. It is characterized by the partial or total occlusion of arteries that supply blood to the brain, leading to the death of brain cells. In recent years, natural bioactive compounds (NBCs) have shown properties that ameliorate the injury after IS and improve the patient's outcome, which has proven to be a potential therapeutic strategy due to their neuroprotective effects. Hence, in the present study, we use both systems pharmacology and chemoinformatic analyses to identify which NBCs have the most potential to be used against IS in clinics. Our results identify that flavonoids and terpenoids are the most studied NBCs, and, mainly, salidrosides, ginkgolides A, B, C, and K, cordycepin, curcumin, baicalin, resveratrol, fucose, and cannabidiol, target the main pathological processes occurring in IS. However, the medicinal chemistry properties of such compounds demonstrate that only six fulfill such criteria. However, only cordycepin and salidroside possess properties as leader molecules, suggesting that these compounds may be considered in developing novel drugs against IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Gomez-Verjan
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría (INGER), Blvd. Adolfo Ruiz Cortines 2767, Mexico City 10200, Mexico; (J.C.G.-V.); (E.A.Z.-A.); (J.A.S.-d.-l.-C.)
| | - Emmanuel Alejandro Zepeda-Arzate
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría (INGER), Blvd. Adolfo Ruiz Cortines 2767, Mexico City 10200, Mexico; (J.C.G.-V.); (E.A.Z.-A.); (J.A.S.-d.-l.-C.)
| | - José Alberto Santiago-de-la-Cruz
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría (INGER), Blvd. Adolfo Ruiz Cortines 2767, Mexico City 10200, Mexico; (J.C.G.-V.); (E.A.Z.-A.); (J.A.S.-d.-l.-C.)
| | - Edgar Antonio Estrella-Parra
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, UBIPRO, FES-Iztacala, Unidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. De los Barrios No.1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico;
| | - Nadia Alejandra Rivero-Segura
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría (INGER), Blvd. Adolfo Ruiz Cortines 2767, Mexico City 10200, Mexico; (J.C.G.-V.); (E.A.Z.-A.); (J.A.S.-d.-l.-C.)
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Zhao L, Zhang H, Li N, Chen J, Xu H, Wang Y, Liang Q. Network pharmacology, a promising approach to reveal the pharmacology mechanism of Chinese medicine formula. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 309:116306. [PMID: 36858276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Network pharmacology is a new discipline based on systems biology theory, biological system network analysis, and multi-target drug molecule design specific signal node selection. The mechanism of action of TCM formula has the characteristics of multiple targets and levels. The mechanism is similar to the integrity, systematization and comprehensiveness of network pharmacology, so network pharmacology is suitable for the study of the pharmacological mechanism of Chinese medicine compounds. AIM OF THE STUDY The paper summarizes the present application status and existing problems of network pharmacology in the field of Chinese medicine formula, and formulates the research ideas, up-to-date key technology and application method and strategy of network pharmacology. Its purpose is to provide guidance and reference for using network pharmacology to reveal the modern scientific connotation of Chinese medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literatures in this review were searched in PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Web of Science, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar using the keywords "traditional Chinese medicine", "Chinese herb medicine" and "network pharmacology". The literature cited in this review dates from 2002 to 2022. RESULTS Using network pharmacology methods to predict the basis and mechanism of pharmacodynamic substances of traditional Chinese medicines has become a trend. CONCLUSION Network pharmacology is a promising approach to reveal the pharmacology mechanism of Chinese medicine formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ning Li
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinman Chen
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Qianqian Liang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Chen X, Yang T, Luo Y, Feng Z, Fang R, Ge J, Mei Z. Methodological and reporting quality evaluation of Buyang Huanwu decoction for experimental cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: a systematic review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:831-849. [PMID: 36637472 PMCID: PMC10079735 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02362-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Buyang Huanwu decoction, a classic traditional Chinese prescription, has been used to prevent and treat stroke for hundreds of years. An increasing number of the laboratory research on Buyang Huanwu decoction used in treating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury have been published recently. However, the problem of methodological and reporting quality of some studies is lack of assessment. This study aims to evaluate the methodological and reporting quality of the research on Buyang Huanwu decoction against experimental cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. A comprehensive search on six databases was performed. Two researchers independently screened the literature considering the eligibility criteria. Methodological and reporting quality of the included studies were evaluated by the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk-of-bias tool and Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guideline. Forty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. No study achieved a decent overall rating in using the SYRCLE tool (percentage of items with "low risk" ≥ 50%). Of the 22 items on the SYRCLE tool, only 7 items (31.82%) were rated as "low risk" in more than 50% of the included studies. Of the 39 items of ARRIVE guideline, 14 (35.9%) items were rated as "yes" in more than 50% of the included studies. The methodological and reporting quality of Buyang Huanwu decoction for experimental cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was substandard, which needed to be further improved. The limitations should be addressed when planning similar studies in the future. Additionally, these findings provided evidence-based guidance for future preclinical studies evaluating the efficacy of Buyang Huanwu decoction in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine On Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan China
| | - Tong Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine On Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan China
| | - Yanan Luo
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory On Chinese Medicine Approved By State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002 Hubei China
| | - Zhitao Feng
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory On Chinese Medicine Approved By State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002 Hubei China
| | - Rui Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine On Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine On Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- The Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine On Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 Hunan China
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11
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Wang C, Luo Q, Que H, Luo X, Zhang B, Ding Y, Tan R, Gu J, Gong P. Integrating network pharmacology and pharmacological evaluation to explore the protective mechanism of Ershiwuwei Zhenzhu pill in ischemic stroke. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115847. [PMID: 36272491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ershiwuwei Zhenzhu Pill (EZP), a representative and classic formula in Tibetan medicine, is commonly used in the treatment of various cerebrovascular diseases, including ischemic stroke (IS). Nevertheless, their efficacy and potential mechanism in treating IS have yet to be investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms of EZP in the treatment of IS based on network pharmacology and experimental verification. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical profile of EZP was characterized using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The targets related to the compounds in EZP were predicted by the Swiss Target Prediction and Target Net platform, and targets of IS were collected from the Gene Cards and OMIM databases. Subsequently, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of targets was constructed and analyzed by the STRING database and Cytoscape software, version 3.7.1. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed, and an ingredient-target-pathway network was constructed. Ultimately, the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established to evaluate the anti-IS effects of EZP by detecting the neurological deficit score, HE, Nissl and TCC staining, and inflammatory factors, and the expression of key protein targets was detected by western blotting. RESULTS A total of 129 components were identified in EZP. Network pharmacology revealed 3136 compound targets and 2826 disease-related targets, and 412 overlapping proteins were obtained as potential therapeutic targets. The PPI network results showed that 6 key targets (AKT1, SRC, VEGFA, TP53, TNF and EGFR) were core targets of EZP in the treatment of IS. Western blotting demonstrated that the expression levels of AKT1, VEGFA, TP53, SRC, TNF and EGFR in the brain tissue of MCAO rats were significantly changed after treatment with EZP compared to the model group. CONCLUSIONS EZP ameliorated IS in MCAO rats. The underlying mechanism might be associated with inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis, promoting angiogenesis and protecting neurons by regulating multiple targets and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunping Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qiulin Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Hanyun Que
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiaomin Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Boyu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yi Ding
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Rui Tan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jian Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Puyang Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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12
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Fang R, Hu H, Zhou Y, Wang S, Mei Z, She R, Peng X, Jiang Q, Wang X, Xie L, Lin H, Meng P, Zhang K, Wang W, Xie Y, Liu L, Tong J, Wu D, Luo Y, Liu C, Lu Y, Yu S, Cheng S, Xu L, Fang Z, Shang H, Ge J. Efficacy and safety of naotaifang capsules for hypertensive cerebral small vessel disease: Study protocol for a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:967457. [PMID: 36686705 PMCID: PMC9853990 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.967457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypertensive cerebral small vessel disease (HT-CSVD) is a cerebrovascular clinical, imaging and pathological syndrome caused by hypertension (HT). The condition manifests with lesions in various vessels including intracranial small/arterioles, capillaries, and small/venules. Hypertensive cerebral small vessel disease has complex and diverse clinical manifestations. For instance, it can present as an acute stroke which progresses to cause cognitive decline, affective disorder, unstable gait, dysphagia, or abnormal urination. Moreover, hypertensive cerebral small vessel disease causes 25-30% of all cases of ischemic strokes and more than 50% of all cases of single or mixed dementias. The 1-year recurrence rate of stroke in cerebral small vessel disease patients with hypertension is 14%. In the early stage of development, the symptoms of hypertensive cerebral small vessel disease are concealed and often ignored by patients and even clinicians. Patients with an advanced hypertensive cerebral small vessel disease manifest with severe physical and mental dysfunction. Therefore, this condition has a substantial economic burden on affected families and society. Naotaifang (NTF) is potentially effective in improving microcirculation and neurofunction in patients with ischemic stroke. In this regard, this multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) aims to furtherly evaluate the efficacy and safety of naotaifang capsules on hypertensive cerebral small vessel disease. Methods: This study is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 388 eligible subjects were recruited from the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, the First Hospital of Shaoyang University, the First Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Changde, and Jiangmen Wuyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2020 to April 2022. After a 4-week run-in period, all participants were divided into the intervention group (represented by Y-T, N-T) and control group (represented by Y-C, N-C); using a stratified block randomized method based on the presence or absence of brain damage symptoms in hypertensive cerebral small vessel disease (represented by Y and N). The Y-T and N-T groups were administered different doses of naotaifang capsules, whereas Y-C and N-C groups received placebo treatment. These four groups received the treatments for 6 months. The primary outcome included Fazekas scores and dilated Virchow-robin spaces (dVRS) grades on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The secondary outcomes included the number of lacunar infarctions (LI) and cerebral microbleeds (CMB) on magnetic resonance imaging, clinical blood pressure (BP) level, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores, mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scale, and safety outcomes. Fazekas scores, dilated Virchow-robin spaces grades, and the number of lacunar infarctions and cerebral microbleeds on magnetic resonance imaging were tested before enrollment and after 6 months of treatment. The clinical blood pressure level, traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores, mini-mental state examination scale and safety outcomes were tested before enrollment, after 3-month, 6-month treatment and 12th-month follow-up respectively. Conclusion: The protocol will comfirm whether naotaifang capsules reduce Fazekas scores, dilated Virchow-robin spaces grades, and the number of lacunar infarctions and cerebral microbleeds, clinical blood pressure, increase mini-mental state examination scores, traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores of Qi deficiency and blood stasis (QDBS), and improve the quality of life of subjects. The consolidated evidence from this study will shed light on the benefits of Chinese herbs for hypertensive cerebral small vessel disease, such as nourishing qi, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and dredging collaterals. However, additional clinical trials with large samples and long intervention periods will be required for in-depth research. Clinical Trial registration: www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR1900024524.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Fang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hua Hu
- Neurology Department, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ruining She
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiwen Peng
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiling Jiang
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangyuan Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Le Xie
- Neurology Department, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital (Hunan Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongyuan Lin
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pan Meng
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Radiology Department, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Health Management Department, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Neurology Department, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital (Hunan Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Litao Liu
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China,Scientific Research Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jiao Tong
- Neurology Department,The First Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Changde (Changde Hospital Affiliated to Hunan University of Chinese Medicine), Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Dahua Wu
- Neurology Department, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital (Hunan Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yunhua Luo
- Health Management Department, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital (Hunan Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Neurology Department,The First Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Changde (Changde Hospital Affiliated to Hunan University of Chinese Medicine), Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Yifang Lu
- Health Management Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Shangzhen Yu
- Neurology Department, Jiangmen Wuyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Jiangmen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Jinan University), Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaowu Cheng
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Linyong Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuyuan Fang
- Jiangsu Province Innovation Center of TCM Hypertension Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Najing, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Zhuyuan Fang, ; Hongcai Shang, ; Jinwen Ge,
| | - Hongcai Shang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Zhuyuan Fang, ; Hongcai Shang, ; Jinwen Ge,
| | - Jinwen Ge
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Zhuyuan Fang, ; Hongcai Shang, ; Jinwen Ge,
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The mechanism of ferroptosis regulating oxidative stress in ischemic stroke and the regulation mechanism of natural pharmacological active components. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113611. [PMID: 36081288 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases, such as ischemic stroke, pose serious medical challenges worldwide due to their high morbidity and mortality and limitations in clinical treatment strategies. Studies have shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated inflammation, excitotoxicity, and programmed cell death of each neurovascular unit during post-stroke hypoxia and reperfusion play an important role in the pathological cascade. Ferroptosis, a programmed cell death characterized by iron-regulated accumulation of lipid peroxidation, is caused by abnormal metabolism of lipids, glutathione (GSH), and iron, and can accelerate acute central nervous system injury. Recent studies have gradually uncovered the pathological process of ferroptosis in the neurovascular unit of acute stroke. Some drugs such as iron chelators, ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1) can protect nerves after neurovascular unit injury in acute stroke by inhibiting ferroptosis. In addition, combined with our previous studies on ferroptosis mediated by natural compounds in ischemic stroke, this review summarized the progress in the regulation mechanism of natural chemical components and herbal chemical components on ferroptosis in recent years, in order to provide reference information for future research on ferroptosis and lead compounds for the development of ferroptosis inhibitors.
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Cheng X, Hu J, Liu X, Tibenda JJ, Wang X, Zhao Q. Therapeutic targets by traditional Chinese medicine for ischemia-reperfusion injury induced apoptosis on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:934256. [PMID: 36060007 PMCID: PMC9437626 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.934256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a significant role in treating and preventing human diseases. Ischemic heart and cerebrovascular injuries are two types of diseases with different clinical manifestations with high prevalence and incidence. In recent years, it has been reported that many TCM has beneficial effects on ischemic diseases through the inhibition of apoptosis, which is the key target to treat myocardial and cerebral ischemia. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms of various TCMs in treating ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases through anti-apoptotic targets and pathways. However, clinical investigations into elucidating the pharmacodynamic ingredients of TCM are still lacking, which should be further demystified in the future. Overall, the inhibition of apoptosis by TCM may be an effective strategy for treating ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Department of Preparation Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | | | - Xiaobo Wang
- Research Institute of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaobo Wang, ; Qipeng Zhao,
| | - Qipeng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education (Ningxia Medical University), Yinchuan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaobo Wang, ; Qipeng Zhao,
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Li JJ, Wang CM, Wang YJ, Yang Q, Cai WY, Li YJ, Song M, Zang YL, Cui XH, Li Q, Chen Y, Weng XG, Zhu XX. Network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation to explore the mechanism of Shenlian extract on myocardial ischemia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 288:114973. [PMID: 34990768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.114973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shenlian extract (SL), extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees, has been proved to be effective in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Recently, we have partially elucidated the mechanisms involved in the therapeutic effects of SL on myocardial ischemia (MI). However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to explore the potential molecular mechanism of SL on MI on the basis of network pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the main active ingredients of SL were screened in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database, and the MI-associated targets were collected from the DisGeNET database. Then, we used compound-target and target-pathway networks to uncover the therapeutic mechanisms of SL. On the basis of network pharmacology analysis results, we assessed the effects of SL in MI rat model and oxygen glucose deprivation model of H9c2 cells and validated the possible molecular mechanisms of SL on myocardial injury in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS The network pharmacology results showed that 37 potential targets were recognized, including TNF-α, Bcl-2, STAT3, PI3K and MMP2. These results revealed that the possible targets of SL were involved in the regulation of inflammation and apoptosis signaling pathway. Then, in vivo experiments indicated that SL significantly reduced the myocardial infarction size of MI rats. Serum CK-MB, cTnT, CK, LDH, and AST levels were significantly decreased by SL (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In vitro, SL significantly increased H9c2 cell viability. The levels of inflammation factors including TNF-α and MMP2 were significantly decreased by SL (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). TUNEL and Annexin V/propidium iodide assays indicated that SL could significantly decrease the cell apoptotic rate in vivo and in vitro (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The remarkable upregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and downregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax protein level further confirmed this result. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that the PI3K-AKT and JAK2-STAT3 pathways were significantly enriched in SL. Compared with the model group, SL treatment significantly activated the PI3K-AKT and JAK2-STAT3 pathways in vivo and in vitro according to Western blot analyses. CONCLUSION SL could protect the myocardium from MI injury. The underlying mechanism may be related to the reduction of inflammation and apoptosis by activating the PI3K/AKT and JAK2/STAT3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Chun-Miao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ya-Jie Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Qing Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Wei-Yan Cai
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yu-Jie Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Min Song
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yuan-Long Zang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xi-He Cui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Weng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100700, China.
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