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Babalonis S, Coe MA, Nuzzo PA, Lofwall MR, Ali N, Sloan PA, Fanucchi LC, Walsh SL. Acute administration of oxycodone, alcohol, and their combination on simulated driving-preliminary outcomes in healthy adults. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:539-549. [PMID: 33169203 PMCID: PMC7855562 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Epidemiological data indicate that drivers testing positive for an opioid drug are twice as likely to cause a fatal car crash; however, there are limited controlled data available. OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this study was to assess the effects of a therapeutic dose range of oxycodone alone and in combination with alcohol on simulated driving performance. METHODS Healthy participants (n = 10) completed this within-subject, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized outpatient study. Six 7-h sessions were completed during which oxycodone (0, 5, 10 mg, p.o.) was administered 30 min before alcohol (0, 0.8 g/kg (15% less for women), p.o.) for a total of 6 test conditions. Driving assessments and participant-, observer-rated, psychomotor and physiological measures were collected in regular intervals before and after drug administration. RESULTS Oxycodone alone (5, 10 mg) did not produce any changes in driving outcomes or psychomotor task performance, relative to placebo (p > 0.05); however, 10 mg oxycodone produced increases in an array of subjective ratings, including sedation and impairment (p < 0.05). Alcohol alone produced driving impairment (e.g., decreased lateral control) (p < 0.05); however, oxycodone did not potentiate alcohol-related driving or subjective effects. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary data suggest that acute doses of oxycodone (5, 10 mg) do not significantly impair acuity on laboratory-based simulated driving models; however, 10 mg oxycodone produced increases in self-reported outcomes that are not compatible with safe driving behavior (e.g., sedation, impairment). Additional controlled research is needed to determine how opioid misuse (higher doses; parenteral routes of administration) impacts driving risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Babalonis
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA. .,Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, 845 Angliana Avenue, Lexington, 40508, KY, USA.
| | - Marion A. Coe
- Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY,Department of Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Paul A. Nuzzo
- Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Michelle R. Lofwall
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY,Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY,Department of Psychiatry, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Nur Ali
- Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Paul A. Sloan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Laura C. Fanucchi
- Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Sharon L. Walsh
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY,Center on Drug and Alcohol Research, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY,Department of Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY,Department of Psychiatry, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
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Orsi C, Montomoli C, Otte D, Morandi A. Road accidents involving bicycles: configurations and injuries. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2017; 24:534-543. [PMID: 28118767 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2016.1278239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the most common types of accident involving bicycles and compared the frequency of injuries. The data source was the database of German In-Depth Accident Study (GIDAS). Cases consist of bicycles and their riders involved in accidents between 2000 and 2010. In most collisions, the bicycle impacted with a car. The percentage of injured bicyclists was higher in collisions with a heavy vehicle and decreased when the bicycle impacted with lighter vehicles. A high percentage of injured bicyclists in single accidents was observed; the most severe injury was more frequently to head and extremities. Accidents involving a car and a bicycle with the right of way in a bicycle path represented about 20% of involved and injured bicyclists. The ten most frequent configurations represented about 60% of involved and injured bicyclists. These results contribute to understand the dangerous scenarios for bicyclists and to suggest preventive actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Orsi
- a Centre of Study and Research on Road Safety, Section of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Cristina Montomoli
- a Centre of Study and Research on Road Safety, Section of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Dietmar Otte
- b Accident Research Unit , Medical University Hanover , Hanover , Germany
| | - Anna Morandi
- a Centre of Study and Research on Road Safety, Section of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine , University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
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Miceli L, Bednarova R, Rizzardo A, Della Rocca G. Can a Smartphone Application Help Balance Patient Autonomy and Public Safety in Drivers Who Take Psychoactive Medications? PAIN MEDICINE 2016; 17:1203. [PMID: 26814289 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnv061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Miceli
- *Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Udine, Udine, Italy; *Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Rym Bednarova
- Department of Pain Medicine and Palliative Care, Healthy Agency Number 2 Friuli Venezia Giulia, Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rizzardo
- *Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giorgio Della Rocca
- *Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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