Sonodynamic effect of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether on ligature-induced periodontitis in rats

Synergistic Anticancer Strategy of Sonodynamic Therapy Combined with PI-103 Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Purpose

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is considered a promising therapeutic strategy for the effective elimination of cancer cells. However, developing novel sonosensitizers with potentially high SDT efficacy remains a considerable challenge. Herein, we utilized near-infrared dye IR820 nanobubbles (NBs) combined with a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PI-103 for the SDT treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro.

Methods

The generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified using 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate to determine the feasibility of using IR820 NBs as a potential sonosensitizer. The inhibition effects of the synergistic therapy was examined using the cell counting Kit 8 assay and apoptosis assay. JC-1 staining was performed to study mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and the transwell assay was used for cell migration analysis.

Results

The particle size and zeta potential of IR820 NBs were 545.5±93.1 nm and −5.19±1.73 mV, respectively. ROS accumulation was observed after HepG2 cells were treated with IR820 NBs under ultrasound irradiation. The SDT combined with PI-103 group inhibited cell viability and migration more strongly than the other groups (P < 0.01). The apoptosis assay also demonstrated a relatively high anti-HCC efficacy with the synergistic therapy, while JC-1 staining showed a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential after the combined treatment.

Conclusion

The combination of SDT and PI-103 was very effective in suppressing HCC proliferation, which might help develop new minimally invasive cancer treatment strategies.

Super Activated Platelet Lysate, a Novel Autologous Platelet Lysate, Regulates the Expression of Inflammasome and Cytokine in the Experimental Periodontitis in Rats

Purpose

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of inflammasome and cytokine on experimental periodontitis with super activated platelet lysate (SPL) in rats.

Methods

Periodontitis was induced by submerging cotton ligatures on the right side of the maxillary second molar in 36 Wistar rats. The rats were divided into 3 groups randomly: the rats received no treatment (control group); local injection with sterile saline (ligature+saline group) and local injection with SPL (ligature+SPL group). After treatments, the alveolar bone level and inflammation of periodontal tissue were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanning and histological examination, respectively. The expression of inflammasome and cytokine was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay.

Results

Compared with the control group, the bone loss significantly increased by 0.9 mm in the ligature+saline group and 0.4 mm in the ligature+SPL group (P < 0.001). 0.5 mm reduction in the bone loss was founded in the ligature+SPL group compared with the ligature+saline group (P < 0.001). The gene expression of CCL2, CXCL2, IL-6, IL-18, IL-1α, IL-1β, CXCL10, CXCL16, CCL5 was significantly reduced in the ligature+SPL group compared with the ligature+saline group (P < 0.05). Compared with the ligature+saline group, the expression for inflammasome NLRP3, AIM2, CASP1 was both downregulated in the ligature+SPL group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Our present study demonstrated local injection of SPL regulated the expression of inflammasome and cytokine and had a visible effect of relieving inflammation in the experimental periodontitis in rats.

Low-Intensity Ultrasound Combined with Hematoporphyrin Monomethyl Ether in the Treatment of Experimental Periodontitis in Rats

Objectives. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether- (HMME-) mediated sonodynamic therapy (SDT) on experimental periodontal disease in rats. Methods. Periodontal disease was induced by submerging ligatures at the first maxillary molar subgingival region in forty-eight male SD rats. After 30 days, the ligatures were removed. The rats were randomly allocated into four groups; the experimental SDT group was treated through hypodermic injection of 40 μg/mL HMME and 3 W/cm² low-intensity ultrasound irradiation (1 MHz, 600 s). Those in control groups received 40 μg/mL HMME alone (control 1 group) or 3 W/cm² ultrasound irradiation alone (control 2 group) or were subjected to neither HMME nor ultrasound (control 3 group). After 10 days of treatment, all rats were euthanized, the maxilla was obtained for histological examination, and the alveolar bone level was evaluated by histometric analysis. Results. The control groups showed more bone loss (P < 0.05) after 10 days of treatment than the SDT group. There is no significant difference among the control groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions. HMME mediated SDT was an effective therapy of experimental periodontal tissue in rats.