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Basson C, Phiri AE, Gandhi M, Anguelov R, Serem JC, Bipath P, Hlophe YN. In vitro effects and mathematical modelling of CTCE-9908 (a chemokine receptor 4 antagonist) on melanoma cell survival. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2024; 51:e13865. [PMID: 38692577 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
CTCE-9908, a CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) antagonist, prevents CXCR4 phosphorylation and inhibits the interaction with chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and downstream signalling pathways associated with metastasis. This study evaluated the in vitro effects of CTCE-9908 on B16 F10 melanoma cells with the use of mathematical modelling. Crystal violet staining was used to construct a mathematical model of CTCE-9908 B16 F10 (melanoma) and RAW 264.7 (non-cancerous macrophage) cell lines on cell viability to predict the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). Morphological changes were assessed using transmission electron microscopy. Flow cytometry was used to assess changes in cell cycle distribution, apoptosis via caspase-3, cell survival via extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 activation, CXCR4 activation and CXCL12 expression. Mathematical modelling predicted IC50 values from 0 to 100 h. At IC50, similar cytotoxicity between the two cell lines and ultrastructural morphological changes indicative of cell death were observed. At a concentration 10 times lower than IC50, CTCE-9908 induced inhibition of cell survival (p = 0.0133) in B16 F10 cells but did not affect caspase-3 or cell cycle distribution in either cell line. This study predicts CTCE-9908 IC50 values at various time points using mathematical modelling, revealing cytotoxicity in melanoma and non-cancerous cells. CTCE-9908 significantly inhibited melanoma cell survival at a concentration 10 times lower than the IC50 in B16 F10 cells but not RAW 264.7 cells. However, CTCE-9908 did not affect CXCR4 phosphorylation, apoptosis,\ or cell cycle distribution in either cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlise Basson
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Avulundiah Edwin Phiri
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Manjunath Gandhi
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Roumen Anguelov
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Priyesh Bipath
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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2
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Jang Y, Cho YS, Kim A, Zhou X, Kim Y, Wan Z, Moon JJ, Park H. CXCR4-Targeted Macrophage-Derived Biomimetic Hybrid Vesicle Nanoplatform for Enhanced Cancer Therapy through Codelivery of Manganese and Doxorubicin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:17129-17144. [PMID: 38533538 PMCID: PMC11057903 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Immune-cell-derived membranes have garnered significant attention as innovative delivery modalities in cancer immunotherapy for their intrinsic immune-modulating functionalities and superior biocompatibilities. Integrating additional parental cell membranes or synthetic lipid vesicles into cellular vesicles can further potentiate their capacities to perform combinatorial pharmacological activities in activating antitumor immunity, thus providing insights into the potential of hybrid cellular vesicles as versatile delivery vehicles for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we have developed a macrophage-membrane-derived hybrid vesicle that has the dual functions of transporting immunotherapeutic drugs and shaping the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages for cancer immunotherapy. The platform combines M1 macrophage-membrane-derived vesicles with CXCR4-binding-peptide-conjugated liposomes loaded with manganese and doxorubicin. The hybrid nanovesicles exhibited remarkable macrophage-targeting capacity through the CXCR4-binding peptide, resulting in enhanced macrophage polarization to the antitumoral M1 phenotype characterized by proinflammatory cytokine release. The manganese/doxorubicin-loaded hybrid vesicles in the CXCR4-expressing tumor cells evoked potent cancer cytotoxicity, immunogenic cell death of tumor cells, and STING activation. Moreover, cotreatment with manganese and doxorubicin promoted dendritic cell maturation, enabling effective tumor growth inhibition. In murine models of CT26 colon carcinoma and 4T1 breast cancer, intravenous administration of the manganese/doxorubicin-loaded hybrid vesicles elicited robust tumor-suppressing activity at a low dosage without adverse systemic effects. Local administration of hybrid nanovesicles also induced an abscessive effect in a bilateral 4T1 tumor model. This study demonstrates a promising biomimetic manganese/doxorubicin-based hybrid nanovesicle platform for effective cancer immunotherapy tailored to the tumor microenvironment, which may offer an innovative approach to combinatorial immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonwoo Jang
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seok Cho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - April Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xingwu Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ziye Wan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hansoo Park
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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3
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Moradi Z, Kazemi M, Jamshidi-Khalifelou R, Bahramnia V, Esfandmaz F, Rahnavard R, Moradgholi B, Piri-Gharaghie T. CRISPR du-HITI an attractive approach to targeting Long Noncoding RNA HCP5 as inhibitory factor for proliferation of ovarian cancer cell. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:61. [PMID: 38507114 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
This research provides a glimmer of hope that the knockout of HCP5 leads to a therapy response to considerably prolong the life of patients with OC. RT-PCR evaluated the expression of lncRNA HCP5 in the ovarian cancer OVCAR-3 cell line. CRISPR knockout cell lines validated by western blot. Small genomic deletions at the targeted locus were induced. CCK-8 colony formation assays were used to analyze the effect of HCP5 knockout on the proliferation capacity of OVCAR-3 cells. Transwell migration and invasion assayed. Furthermore, the Sphere-formation assay isolated the most aggressive population of cancer stem cells. Bioinformatic analysis showed a significant correlation between lncRNA HCP5 up-regulation and OVCAR-3 cell proliferation. The ChIP technique assesses specific sites of interaction between transcription factors and DNA. Real-time PCR assays explored the relationship between HCP5, Hsa-miR-9-5p, CXCR4, CDH1, caspase-3, p53, bcl2 and survivin. PCR carried out amplification of the 448-bp band for sgRNA1 and sgRNA2 after the use of particular primers for HCP5. the number of breast cancer cells that moved to the bottom chamber reduced considerably after transfection with PX461-sgRNA1/2 vectors compared to the Blank control groups (P < 0.05). MTT assay designated growth curves that showed the rate of OVCAR-3 growth was significantly repressed (***P < 0.001) when compared with control OVCAR-3 cells after HCP5 knockdown. Also, the survival results of W.T cells in 24, 48 and 72 h showed 92%, 87% and 85%, respectively. This is while the cells of the CRISPR/Cas9 group in which LncRNA HCP5 was knocked out had 42% (*P < 0.05), 23%(**P < 0.01) and 14% (**P < 0.01) survival, respectively. The expression levels of caspase-3, Hsa-miR-9-5p, P53 genes in the HCP5 deletion of CRISPR/Cas9 group significantly increased than the W.T. control group; the deletion group showed a considerable reduction in HCP5 expression compared to the blank control group (3.6-fold, p < 0.01). Whereas BCL2, SURVIVIN, CXCR4, CDH1 genes expression markedly increased than in HCP5 knockout cells (5.8-fold, p < 0.05). These results indicate that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated HCP5 disruption on OVCAR-3 cell lines promotes anti-tumor biomarkers, suppressing ovarian cancer progression. Consistent with these results, HCP5 is one of the most critical lnc for the efficient proliferation and migration of OVCAR-3 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Moradi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mandana Kazemi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Roya Jamshidi-Khalifelou
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Bahramnia
- Department of Genetics, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Esfandmaz
- Department of Biology, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Reza Rahnavard
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnoush Moradgholi
- Department of Medical Physiology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Tohid Piri-Gharaghie
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Wei R, Li J, Lin W, Pang X, Yang H, Lai S, Wei X, Jiang X, Yuan Y, Yang R. Nanoparticle-mediated blockade of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling enhances glioblastoma immunotherapy: Monitoring early responses with MRI radiomics. Acta Biomater 2024; 177:414-430. [PMID: 38360292 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The limited therapeutic efficacy of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy against glioblastoma is closely related to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment, where the latter is driven primarily by tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs). Targeting the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-12/C-X-C motif chemokine receptor-4 (CXCL12/CXCR4) signaling orchestrates the recruitment of TAMCs and has emerged as a promising approach for alleviating immunosuppression. Herein, we developed an iRGD ligand-modified polymeric nanoplatform for the co-delivery of CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 and the small-molecule immune checkpoint inhibitor BMS-1. The iRGD peptide facilitated superior BBB crossing and tumor-targeting abilities both in vitro and in vivo. In mice bearing orthotopic GL261-Luc tumor, co-administration of AMD3100 and BMS-1 significantly inhibited tumor proliferation without adverse effects. A reprogramming of immunosuppression upon CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling blockade was observed, characterized by the reduction of TAMCs and regulatory T cells, and an increased proportion of CD8+T lymphocytes. The elevation of interferon-γ secreted from activated immune cells upregulated PD-L1 expression in tumor cells, highlighting the synergistic effect of BMS-1 in counteracting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Finally, our research unveiled the ability of MRI radiomics to reveal early changes in the tumor immune microenvironment following immunotherapy, offering a powerful tool for monitoring treatment responses. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The insufficient BBB penetration and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment greatly diminish the efficacy of immunotherapy for glioblastoma (GBM). In this study, we prepared iRGD-modified polymeric nanoparticles, loaded with a CXCR4 antagonist (AMD3100) and a small-molecule checkpoint inhibitor of PD-L1 (BMS-1) to overcome physical barriers and reprogram the immunosuppressive microenvironment in orthotopic GBM models. In this nanoplatform, AMD3100 converted the "cold" immune microenvironment into a "hot" one, while BMS-1 synergistically counteracted PD-L1 inhibition, enhancing GBM immunotherapy. Our findings underscore the potential of dual-blockade of CXCL12/CXCR4 and PD-1/PD-L1 pathways as a complementary approach to maximize therapeutic efficacy for GBM. Moreover, our study revealed that MRI radiomics provided a clinically translatable means to assess immunotherapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Wei
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, PR China
| | - Jiamin Li
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, PR China
| | - Wanxian Lin
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, PR China
| | - Xinrui Pang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, PR China
| | - Huikang Yang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, PR China
| | - Shengsheng Lai
- School of Medical Equipment, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou 510520, PR China
| | - Xinhua Wei
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, PR China
| | - Xinqing Jiang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, PR China
| | - Youyong Yuan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, PR China.
| | - Ruimeng Yang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, PR China.
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5
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Thakur D, Sengupta D, Mahapatra E, Das S, Sarkar R, Mukherjee S. Glucocorticoid receptor: a harmonizer of cellular plasticity in breast cancer-directs the road towards therapy resistance, metastatic progression and recurrence. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:481-499. [PMID: 38170347 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Recent therapeutic advances have significantly uplifted the quality of life in breast cancer patients, yet several impediments block the road to disease-free survival. This involves unresponsiveness towards administered therapy, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and metastatic progression with the eventual appearance of recurrent disease. Attainment of such characteristics is a huge adaptive challenge to which tumour cells respond by acquiring diverse phenotypically plastic states. Several signalling networks and mediators are involved in such a process. Glucocorticoid receptor being a mediator of stress response imparts prognostic significance in the context of breast carcinoma. Involvement of the glucocorticoid receptor in the signalling cascade of breast cancer phenotypic plasticity needs further elucidation. This review attempted to shed light on the inter-regulatory interactions of the glucocorticoid receptor with the mediators of the plasticity program in breast cancer; which may provide a hint for strategizing therapeutics against the glucocorticoid/glucocorticoid receptor axis so as to modulate phenotypic plasticity in breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Thakur
- Department of Environmental Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026, India
| | - Debomita Sengupta
- Department of Environmental Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026, India
| | - Elizabeth Mahapatra
- Department of Environmental Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026, India
| | - Salini Das
- Department of Environmental Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026, India
| | - Ruma Sarkar
- B. D. Patel Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, CHARUSAT Campus, Changa, Gujarat, 388421, India
| | - Sutapa Mukherjee
- Department of Environmental Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026, India.
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6
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Chaudhuri AG, Samanta S, Dey M, Raviraja NS, Dey S. Role of Alpha-Fetoprotein in the Pathogenesis of Cancer. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2024; 43:57-76. [PMID: 38505913 DOI: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2023049145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) belongs to the albuminoid protein family and is considered as the fetal analog of serum albumin. This plasma protein is initially synthesized in the fetal liver and yolk sac and shows a maximum peak near the end of the first trimester. Later, concentrations begin to decline prenatally and drop precipitously after birth. This protein has three key ligand-binding pockets for interactions with various biomolecules. It contains multiple phosphorylation and acetylation sites for the regulation of physiological and pathophysiological states. High serum AFP titer is an established biomarker for yolk sac, embryonal and hepatocellular carcinoma. The present review critically analyzes the chemical nature, receptors, clinical implications, and therapeutic aspects of AFP, underpinning the development of different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Ghosh Chaudhuri
- Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College, Kolkata 700 006, West Bengal, India
| | - Saptadip Samanta
- Department of Physiology, Midnapore College, Midnapore, Paschim Medinipur 721101, West Bengal, India
| | - Monalisha Dey
- Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College, Kolkata 700 006, West Bengal, India
| | - N S Raviraja
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Souvik Dey
- Manipal Centre for Biotherapeutics Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India
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7
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Feng S, Wei F, Shi H, Chen S, Wang B, Huang D, Luo L. Roles of salt‑inducible kinases in cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 63:118. [PMID: 37654200 PMCID: PMC10546379 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt inducible kinases (SIKs) with three subtypes SIK1, SIK2 and SIK3, belong to the AMP‑activated protein kinase family. They are expressed ubiquitously in humans. Under normal circumstances, SIK1 regulates adrenocortical function in response to high salt or adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation, SIK2 is involved in cell metabolism, controlling insulin signaling and gluconeogenesis and SIK3 coordinates with the mTOR complex, promoting cancer. The dysregulation of SIKs has been widely detected in various types of cancers. Based on most of the existing studies, SIK1 is mostly considered a tumor inhibitor, SIK2 and SIK3 are usually associated with tumor promotion. However, the functions of SIKs have shown contradictory in certain tumors, suggesting that SIKs cannot be simply classified as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. The present review provided a comprehensive summary of the roles of SIKs in the initiation and progression of different cancers, aiming to elucidate their clinical value and discuss potential strategies for targeting SIKs in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Fangyi Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Haoran Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Shen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Bangqi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Deqiang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Lingyu Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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8
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Zaarour RF, Ribeiro M, Azzarone B, Kapoor S, Chouaib S. Tumor microenvironment-induced tumor cell plasticity: relationship with hypoxic stress and impact on tumor resistance. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1222575. [PMID: 37886168 PMCID: PMC10598765 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1222575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of tumor interaction with stromal components during carcinogenesis is crucial for the design of efficient cancer treatment approaches. It is widely admitted that tumor hypoxic stress is associated with tumor aggressiveness and thus impacts susceptibility and resistance to different types of treatments. Notable biological processes that hypoxia functions in include its regulation of tumor heterogeneity and plasticity. While hypoxia has been reported as a major player in tumor survival and dissemination regulation, the significance of hypoxia inducible factors in cancer stem cell development remains poorly understood. Several reports indicate that the emergence of cancer stem cells in addition to their phenotype and function within a hypoxic tumor microenvironment impacts cancer progression. In this respect, evidence showed that cancer stem cells are key elements of intratumoral heterogeneity and more importantly are responsible for tumor relapse and escape to treatments. This paper briefly reviews our current knowledge of the interaction between tumor hypoxic stress and its role in stemness acquisition and maintenance. Our review extensively covers the influence of hypoxia on the formation and maintenance of cancer stem cells and discusses the potential of targeting hypoxia-induced alterations in the expression and function of the so far known stem cell markers in cancer therapy approaches. We believe that a better and integrated understanding of the effect of hypoxia on stemness during carcinogenesis might lead to new strategies for exploiting hypoxia-associated pathways and their targeting in the clinical setting in order to overcome resistance mechanisms. More importantly, at the present time, efforts are oriented towards the design of innovative therapeutical approaches that specifically target cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- RF. Zaarour
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - M. Ribeiro
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - B. Azzarone
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S. Kapoor
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - S. Chouaib
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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9
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Zhang H, Yue X, Chen Z, Liu C, Wu W, Zhang N, Liu Z, Yang L, Jiang Q, Cheng Q, Luo P, Liu G. Define cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment: new opportunities in cancer immunotherapy and advances in clinical trials. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:159. [PMID: 37784082 PMCID: PMC10544417 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01860-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite centuries since the discovery and study of cancer, cancer is still a lethal and intractable health issue worldwide. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have gained much attention as a pivotal component of the tumor microenvironment. The versatility and sophisticated mechanisms of CAFs in facilitating cancer progression have been elucidated extensively, including promoting cancer angiogenesis and metastasis, inducing drug resistance, reshaping the extracellular matrix, and developing an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Owing to their robust tumor-promoting function, CAFs are considered a promising target for oncotherapy. However, CAFs are a highly heterogeneous group of cells. Some subpopulations exert an inhibitory role in tumor growth, which implies that CAF-targeting approaches must be more precise and individualized. This review comprehensively summarize the origin, phenotypical, and functional heterogeneity of CAFs. More importantly, we underscore advances in strategies and clinical trials to target CAF in various cancers, and we also summarize progressions of CAF in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinghai Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Zhuzhou, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Wantao Wu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guodong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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10
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Sawant M, Wilson A, Sridaran D, Mahajan K, O'Conor CJ, Hagemann IS, Luo J, Weimholt C, Li T, Roa JC, Pandey A, Wu X, Mahajan NP. Epigenetic reprogramming of cell cycle genes by ACK1 promotes breast cancer resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitor. Oncogene 2023; 42:2263-2277. [PMID: 37330596 PMCID: PMC10348910 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancers exhibit high sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibitors such as palbociclib. However, most patients inevitably develop resistance, thus identification of new actionable therapeutic targets to overcome the recurrent disease is an urgent need. Immunohistochemical studies of tissue microarray revealed increased activation of non-receptor tyrosine kinase, ACK1 (also known as TNK2) in most of the breast cancer subtypes, independent of their hormone receptor status. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that the nuclear target of activated ACK1, pY88-H4 epigenetic marks, were deposited at cell cycle genes, CCNB1, CCNB2 and CDC20, which in turn initiated their efficient transcription. Pharmacological inhibition of ACK1 using its inhibitor, (R)-9b dampened CCNB1, CCNB2 and CDC20 expression, caused G2/M arrest, culminating in regression of palbociclib-resistant breast tumor growth. Further, (R)-9b suppressed expression of CXCR4 receptor, which resulted in significant impairment of metastasis of breast cancer cells to lung. Overall, our pre-clinical data identifies activated ACK1 as an oncogene that epigenetically controls the cell cycle genes governing the G2/M transition in breast cancer cells. ACK1 inhibitor, (R)-9b could be a novel therapeutic option for the breast cancer patients that have developed resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithila Sawant
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Audrey Wilson
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Dhivya Sridaran
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kiran Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Conor
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ian S Hagemann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Cody Weimholt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tiandao Li
- Bioinformatics Research Core, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Xinyan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Nupam P Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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11
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Benjamin M, Malakar P, Sinha RA, Nasser MW, Batra SK, Siddiqui JA, Chakravarti B. Molecular signaling network and therapeutic developments in breast cancer brain metastasis. ADVANCES IN CANCER BIOLOGY - METASTASIS 2023; 7:100079. [PMID: 36536947 PMCID: PMC7613958 DOI: 10.1016/j.adcanc.2022.100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in women worldwide. It has surpassed lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer-related death. Breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) is becoming a major clinical concern that is commonly associated with ER-ve and HER2+ve subtypes of BC patients. Metastatic lesions in the brain originate when the cancer cells detach from a primary breast tumor and establish metastatic lesions and infiltrate near and distant organs via systemic blood circulation by traversing the BBB. The colonization of BC cells in the brain involves a complex interplay in the tumor microenvironment (TME), metastatic cells, and brain cells like endothelial cells, microglia, and astrocytes. BCBM is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and presents a challenge to developing successful cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanism of BCBM and novel therapeutic strategies for patients with brain metastatic BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercilena Benjamin
- Lab Oncology, Dr. B.R.A.I.R.C.H. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pushkar Malakar
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Narendrapur, West Bengal, 700103, India
| | - Rohit Anthony Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68108, USA
| | - Bandana Chakravarti
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
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12
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Chu YH, Huang YC, Chiu PY, Kuo WH, Pan YR, Kuo YT, Wang RH, Kao YC, Wang YH, Lin YF, Lin KT. Combating breast cancer progression through combination therapy with hypomethylating agent and glucocorticoid. iScience 2023; 26:106597. [PMID: 37128608 PMCID: PMC10148121 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Among breast cancer types, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15% of all breast cancers with aggressive tumor behavior. By using bioinformatic approaches, we observed that the microRNA-708 promoter is highly methylated in breast carcinomas, and this methylation is linked to a poor prognosis. Moreover, microRNA-708 expression correlates with better clinical outcomes in TNBC patients. Combination treatment with the hypomethylating agent decitabine and synthetic glucocorticoid significantly increased the expression of microRNA-708, reactivated DNMT-suppressed pathways, and decreased the expression of multiple metastasis-promoting genes such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and IL-1β, leading to the suppression of breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as reduced tumor growth and distant metastasis in the TNBC xenograft mouse model. Overall, our study reveals a therapeutic opportunity in which a combined regimen of decitabine with glucocorticoid may have therapeutic potential in treating TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsin Chu
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yun Chiu
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Kuo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Ru Pan
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ting Kuo
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Hsuan Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chin Kao
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiang Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fan Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ti Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Science, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Corresponding author
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13
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Han D, Ren XH, Liao XR, He XY, Guo T, Chen XS, Pang X, Cheng SX. A Multiple Targeting Nanoprobe for Identifying Cancer Metastatic Sites Based on Detection of Various mRNAs in Circulating Tumor Cells. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3678-3686. [PMID: 37052638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Identification of cancer metastatic sites is of importance for adjusting therapeutic interventions and treatment choice. However, identifying the location of metastatic lesions with easy accessibility and high safety is challenging. Here we demonstrate that cancer metastatic sites can be accurately detected by a triple targeting nanoprobe. Through coencapsulating molecular beacons probing a cancer biomarker (CXCR4 mRNA), a lung metastatic biomarker (CTSC mRNA), and a bone metastatic biomarker (JAG1 mRNA), the nanoprobe decorated by SYL3C conjugated hyaluronic acid and ICAM-1 specific aptamer conjugated hyaluronic acid can target diverse phenotyped circulating tumor cells (CTCs) during epithelial-mesenchymal and mesenchymal-epithelial transitions in whole blood for sensitive probing. The detection of CTCs from cancer patients shows that the nanoprobe can provide accurate information to distinguish different cancer metastasis statuses including nonmetastasis, lung metastasis, and bone metastasis. This study proposes an efficient screening tool for identifying the location of distant metastatic lesions via facile blood biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Han
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xiao-He Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xin-Ru Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Yan He
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China
| | - Xue-Si Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Xuan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Si-Xue Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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14
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Chhichholiya Y, Ruthuparna M, Velagaleti H, Munshi A. Brain metastasis in breast cancer: focus on genes and signaling pathways involved, blood-brain barrier and treatment strategies. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:1218-1241. [PMID: 36897508 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-03050-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent types of cancer in women. Despite advancement in early detection and efficient treatment, recurrence and metastasis continue to pose a significant risk to the life of BC patients. Brain metastasis (BM) reported in 17-20 percent of BC patients is considered as a major cause of mortality and morbidity in these patients. BM includes various steps from primary breast tumor to secondary tumor formation. Various steps involved are primary tumor formation, angiogenesis, invasion, extravasation, and brain colonization. Genes involved in different pathways have been reported to be associated with BC cells metastasizing to the brain. ADAM8 gene, EN1 transcription factor, WNT, and VEGF signaling pathway have been associated with primary breast tumor; MMP1, COX2, XCR4, PI3k/Akt, ERK and MAPK pathways in angiogenesis; Noth, CD44, Zo-1, CEMIP, S0X2 and OLIG2 are involved in invasion, extravasation and colonization, respectively. In addition, the blood-brain barrier is also a key factor in BM. Dysregulation of cell junctions, tumor microenvironment and loss of function of microglia leads to BBB disruption ultimately resulting in BM. Various therapeutic strategies are currently used to control the BM in BC. Oncolytic virus therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, mTOR-PI3k inhibitors and immunotherapy have been developed to target various genes involved in BM in BC. In addition, RNA interference (RNAi) and CRISPR/Cas9 are novel interventions in the field of BCBM where research to validate these and clinical trials are being carried out. Gaining a better knowledge of metastasis biology is critical for establishing better treatment methods and attaining long-term therapeutic efficacies against BC. The current review has been compiled with an aim to evaluate the role of various genes and signaling pathways involved in multiple steps of BM in BC. The therapeutic strategies being used currently and the novel ones being explored to control BM in BC have also been discussed at length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Chhichholiya
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Malayil Ruthuparna
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Harini Velagaleti
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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15
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D’Souza S, Mane A, Patil L, Shaikh A, Thakar M, Saxena V, Fotooh Abadi L, Godbole S, Kulkarni S, Gangakhedkar R, Shastry P, Panda S. HIV-1 exploits Hes-1 expression during pre-existing HPV-16 infection for cancer progression. Virusdisease 2023; 34:29-38. [PMID: 37009256 PMCID: PMC10050651 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-023-00809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
High Risk Human Papilloma Viruses (HR-HPV) persistently infect women with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1). HPV-16 escapes immune surveillance in HIV-1 positive women receiving combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). HIV-1 Tat and HPV E6/E7 proteins exploit Notch signaling. Notch-1, a developmentally conserved protein, influences cell fate from birth to death. Notch-1 and its downstream targets, Hes-1 and Hey-1 contribute to invasive and aggressive cancers. Cervical cancer cells utilize Notch-1 and hyper-express CXCR4, a co-receptor of HIV-1. Accumulating evidence shows that HIV-1 affects cell cycle progression in pre-existing HPV infection. Additionally, Tat binds Notch-1 receptor for activation and influences cell proliferation. Oncogenic viruses may interfere or converge together to favor tumor growth. The molecular dialogue during HIV-1/HPV-16+ co-infections in the context of Notch-1 signaling has not been explored thus far. This in vitro study was designed with cell lines (HPV-ve C33A and HPV-16+ CaSki) which were transfected with plasmids (pLEGFPN1 encoding HIV-1 Tat and pNL4-3 encoding HIV-1 [full HIV-1 genome]). HIV-1 Tat and HIV-1 inhibited Notch-1expression, with differential effects on EGFR. Notch-1 inhibition nullified Cyclin D expression with p21 induction and increased G2-M cell population in CaSki cells. On the contrary, HIV-1 infection shuts down p21 expression through interaction of Notch-1 downstream genes Hes-1-EGFR and Cyclin D for G2-M arrest, DDR response and cancer progression. This work lays foundations for future research and interventions, and therefore is necessary. Our results describe for the first time how HIV-1 Tat cancers have an aggressive nature due to the interplay between Notch-1 and EGFR signaling. Notch-1 inhibitor, DAPT used in organ cancer treatment may help rescue HIV-1 induced cancers. Graphical abstract The illustration shows how HIV interacts with HPV-16 to induce Notch 1 suppression for cancer progression (Created with BioRender.com). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-023-00809-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena D’Souza
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National AIDS Research Institute (NARI), Pune, India
| | - Arati Mane
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National AIDS Research Institute (NARI), Pune, India
| | - Linata Patil
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National AIDS Research Institute (NARI), Pune, India
| | - Aazam Shaikh
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India
| | - Madhuri Thakar
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National AIDS Research Institute (NARI), Pune, India
| | - Vandana Saxena
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National AIDS Research Institute (NARI), Pune, India
| | - Leila Fotooh Abadi
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National AIDS Research Institute (NARI), Pune, India
| | - Sheela Godbole
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National AIDS Research Institute (NARI), Pune, India
| | - Smita Kulkarni
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National AIDS Research Institute (NARI), Pune, India
| | - Raman Gangakhedkar
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Headquarters, New Delhi, India
| | - Padma Shastry
- National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India
| | - Samiran Panda
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Headquarters, New Delhi, India
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16
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Hadebe B, Harry L, Ebrahim T, Pillay V, Vorster M. The Role of PET/CT in Breast Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040597. [PMID: 36832085 PMCID: PMC9955497 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Female breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases (11.7%), followed by lung cancer (11.4%) The current literature and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines state that 18F-FDG PET/CT is not routine for early diagnosis of breast cancer, and rather PET/CT scanning should be performed for patients with stage III disease or when conventional staging studies yield non-diagnostic or suspicious results because this modality has been shown to upstage patients compared to conventional imaging and thus has an impact on disease management and prognosis. Furthermore, with the growing interest in precision therapy in breast cancer, numerous novel radiopharmaceuticals have been developed that target tumor biology and have the potential to non-invasively guide the most appropriate targeted therapy. This review discusses the role of 18F-FDG PET and other PET tracers beyond FDG in breast cancer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bawinile Hadebe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Lerwine Harry
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Tasmeera Ebrahim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Venesen Pillay
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Mariza Vorster
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban 4001, South Africa
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17
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Mamonto L, Nelwan BJ, Sungowati NK, Miskad UA, Cangara MH, Zainuddin AA. Association of chemokine (CXC motif) receptor 4 expression with lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastasis of invasive breast cancer. Breast Dis 2023; 41:447-453. [PMID: 36617771 DOI: 10.3233/bd-229003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The histological tumor grade influences the prognosis of breast cancer. In metastatic breast cancer, stromal cells produce chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 12 or stromal cell-derived factor-1 as a chemoattractant, which binds to chemokine (CXC motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) expressed by breast cancer cells. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the expression of CXCR4 in invasive breast cancer in relation to lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and lymph node metastasis. METHODS This observational study retrospectively investigated a paraffin block archived sample diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. The results of immunohistochemical staining with CXCR4 antibody and expression analysis were evaluated using light microscopy. The data were statistically analyzed using the chi-square test and presented in a table using SPSS version 18. P-values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS The expression of CXCR4 was significantly associated with the incidence of LVI and lymph node metastasis in invasive breast cancer (both p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results show that the expression of CXCR4 varies and support its decisive role in the incidence of LVI and lymph node metastasis in invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidya Mamonto
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Berti J Nelwan
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Ni Ketut Sungowati
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Upik A Miskad
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Muh Husni Cangara
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Andi Alfian Zainuddin
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine Science, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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18
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Sarmoko S, Novitasari D, Toriyama M, Fareza MS, Choironi NA, Itoh H, Meiyanto E. Different Modes of Mechanism of Gamma-Mangostin and Alpha-Mangostin to Inhibit Cell Migration of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells Concerning CXCR4 Downregulation and ROS Generation. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2023; 22:e138856. [PMID: 38655233 PMCID: PMC11036650 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-138856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Background Two mangostin compounds, gamma-mangostin and alpha-mangostin, show anticancer properties through the inhibition of cell proliferation and cell migration. Metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, including MDA-MB-231, highly express C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) to maintain reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell migration. Objectives This study was performed to analyze and compare different modes of action of γ-mangostin and α-mangostin as antimigratory effects targeted on CXCR4 in MDA-MB-231 as a model of TNBC cell. Methods This study investigated the effect of γ-mangostin and α-mangostin using a series of assays, including Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay for cytotoxicity, wound healing assay for migration study, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for gene expression analysis, and flow cytometry for ROS measurement, along with in silico study to observe the binding between the compound and CXCR4. Results The findings revealed half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 25 and 20 μM for γ-mangostin and α-mangostin in MDA-MB 231 cells, respectively. Moreover, a concentration of 10 μM was used for the migration assay. Both γ-mangostin and α-mangostin significantly suppressed cell migration within 24 hours. The present gene expression studies revealed the downregulation of key migration-associated genes, namely Farp, CXCR4, and LPHN2, upon γ-mangostin treatment but not α-mangostin. Additionally, both γ-mangostin and α-mangostin increased cellular ROS generation, highlighting the same effect of γ-mangostin and α-mangostin ROS elevation to inhibit cancer cell migration. Molecular docking simulations further suggested a potential interaction between γ-mangostin and α-mangostin with CXCR4 in high affinity. Conclusions These findings suggest that both γ-mangostin and α-mangostin inhibit breast cancer cell migration and induce cellular ROS levels in MDA-MB-231 cells; notably, γ-mangostin suppresses CXCR4 mRNA expression that might correlate to its activity to inhibit MDA-MB-231 cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmoko Sarmoko
- Department of Pharmacy, Sumatera Institute of Technology, Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Dhania Novitasari
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan
| | - Manami Toriyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Signal Transduction, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan
- Laboratory of Advanced Cosmetic Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Laboratory of Molecular Signal Transduction, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Japan
| | - Edy Meiyanto
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
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Litak J, Czyżewski W, Szymoniuk M, Sakwa L, Pasierb B, Litak J, Hoffman Z, Kamieniak P, Roliński J. Biological and Clinical Aspects of Metastatic Spinal Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194599. [PMID: 36230523 PMCID: PMC9559304 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Spine metastases are a common life-threatening complication of advanced-stage malignancies and often result in poor prognosis. Symptomatic spine metastases develop in the course of about 10% of malignant neoplasms. Therefore, it is essential for contemporary medicine to understand metastatic processes in order to find appropriate, targeted therapeutic options. Our literature review aimed to describe the up-to-date knowledge about the molecular pathways and biomarkers engaged in the spine’s metastatic processes. Moreover, we described current data regarding bone-targeted treatment, the emerging targeted therapies, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy used for the treatment of spine metastases. We hope that knowledge comprehensively presented in our review will contribute to the development of novel drugs targeting specific biomarkers and pathways. The more we learn about the molecular aspects of cancer metastasis, the easier it will be to look for treatment methods that will allow us to precisely kill tumor cells. Abstract Spine metastases are a common life-threatening complication of advanced-stage malignancies and often result in poor prognosis. Symptomatic spine metastases develop in the course of about 10% of malignant neoplasms. Therefore, it is essential for contemporary medicine to understand metastatic processes in order to find appropriate, targeted therapeutic options. Thanks to continuous research, there appears more and more detailed knowledge about cancer and metastasis, but these transformations are extremely complicated, e.g., due to the complexity of reactions, the variety of places where they occur, or the participation of both tumor cells and host cells in these transitions. The right target points in tumor metastasis mechanisms are still being researched; that will help us in the proper diagnosis as well as in finding the right treatment. In this literature review, we described the current knowledge about the molecular pathways and biomarkers engaged in metastatic processes involving the spine. We also presented a current bone-targeted treatment for spine metastases and the emerging therapies targeting the discussed molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Litak
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Czyżewski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Szymoniuk
- Student Scientific Association at the Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Leon Sakwa
- Student Scientific Society, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technologies and Humanities in Radom, Chrobrego 27, 26-600 Radom, Poland
| | - Barbara Pasierb
- Department of Dermatology, Radom Specialist Hospital, Lekarska 4, 26-600 Radom, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Joanna Litak
- St. John’s Cancer Center in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 7, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Zofia Hoffman
- Student Scientific Society, Medical University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Kamieniak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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20
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Chang Z, Zhang Y, Fan J, Zhang L, Liu S, Liu G, Tu J. The potential effects and mechanisms of breast inflammatory lesions on the occurrence and development of breast cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:932743. [PMID: 35992864 PMCID: PMC9389363 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.932743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer as the most common cancer in women has become the leading cause of cancer death for women. Although many inflammatory factors increase the risk of breast cancer, there are very few studies on the mechanisms by which inflammation affects the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Here, we profiled and compared the transcriptome of normal tissues, inflammatory breast tissues, benign breast tumors, and malignant breast tumors. To find key regulatory factors, a protein interaction network between characteristic modules in inflammatory lesions and ER-negative (ER−) breast cancer was constructed and inflammation-cancer interface genes were identified. We found that the transcriptional profile of inflammatory breast tissues was similar with ER− malignant tumors, featured with low ER expression levels and similar immune signaling pathway activation. Through comprehensive protein network analysis, we identified the interface genes and chemokine signaling pathway that have the potential to promote inflammatory cancer transformation. These interface genes could be used as a risk factor to provide a certain basis for the clinical early detection and treatment of breast cancer. This is the first study to explore the association between breast inflammatory lesions and breast cancer at the transcriptome level. Our inflammation data and research results provide a basis for future inflammation-cancer transformation analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Chang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jue Fan
- Singleron Biotechnologies, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixing Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suling Liu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Juchuanli Tu, ; Guangyu Liu, ; Suling Liu,
| | - Guangyu Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Juchuanli Tu, ; Guangyu Liu, ; Suling Liu,
| | - Juchuanli Tu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Juchuanli Tu, ; Guangyu Liu, ; Suling Liu,
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21
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Dobroch J, Bojczuk K, Kołakowski A, Baczewska M, Knapp P. The Exploration of Chemokines Importance in the Pathogenesis and Development of Endometrial Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:2041. [PMID: 35408440 PMCID: PMC9000631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most frequent female malignancies. Because of a characteristic symptom, vaginal bleeding, EC is often diagnosed in an early stage. Despite that, some EC cases present an atypical course with rapid progression and poor prognosis. There have been multiple studies conducted on molecular profiling of EC in order to improve diagnostics and introduce personalized treatment. Chemokines-a protein family that contributes to inflammatory processes that may promote carcinogenesis-constitute an area of interest. Some chemokines and their receptors present alterations in expression in tumor microenvironment. CXCL12, which binds the receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7, is known for its impact on neoplastic cell proliferation, neovascularization and promotion of epidermal-mesenchymal transition. The CCL2-CCR2 axis additionally plays a pivotal role in EC with mutations in the LKB1 gene and activates tumor-associated macrophages. CCL20 and CCR6 are influenced by the RANK/RANKL pathway and alter the function of lymphocytes and dendritic cells. Another axis, CXCL10-CXCR3, affects the function of NK-cells and, interestingly, presents different roles in various types of tumors. This review article consists of analysis of studies that included the roles of the aforementioned chemokines in EC pathogenesis. Alterations in chemokine expression are described, and possible applications of drugs targeting chemokines are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Dobroch
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.B.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (P.K.)
- University Oncology Center, University Clinical Hospital in Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Klaudia Bojczuk
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.B.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (P.K.)
| | - Adrian Kołakowski
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.B.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (P.K.)
| | - Marta Baczewska
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.B.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (P.K.)
- University Oncology Center, University Clinical Hospital in Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Paweł Knapp
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (K.B.); (A.K.); (M.B.); (P.K.)
- University Oncology Center, University Clinical Hospital in Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
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22
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Salimian F, Nabiuni M, Salehghamari E. Melittin Prevents Metastasis of Epidermal Growth Factor-Induced MDA-MB-231 Cells through The Inhibition of The SDF-1α/CXCR4 Signaling Pathway. CELL JOURNAL 2022; 24:85-90. [PMID: 35279964 PMCID: PMC8918271 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2022.7626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective Melittin is one of the natural components of bee venom (Apis mellifera), and its anticancer and antimetastatic properties have been well established, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. The MDA-MB-231 is a triplenegative cell line that is highly aggressive and invasive. Besides, many critical proteins are involved in tumor invasion and metastasis. In this study, we investigated whether melittin inhibits the migration and metastasis of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced MDA-MB-231 cells via the suppression of SDF-1α/CXCR4 and Rac1-mediated signaling pathways. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, cells were treated with melittin (0.5-4 μg/ml), and the toxicity of melittin was assessed by the MTT assay. Afterward, the migration assay was conducted to measure the degree of the migration of EGF-induced cells. The western blot technique was performed to analyze the rate of Rac1, p-Rac1, SDF- 1α, and CXCR4 expression in different groups. Results The results demonstrated that melittin markedly suppressed the migration of EGF-induced cells and decreased the expression of p-Rac1, CXCR4, and SDF-1α proteins. Conclusion The results of the present study suggested that the anti-tumor properties of melittin could be through the blocking of the SDF-1α/CXCR4 signaling pathway, which is beneficial for the reduction of tumor migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Nabiuni
- P.O.Box: 31979-37551Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyFaculty of Biological SciencesKharazmi
UniversityTehranIran
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23
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Zarychta E, Ruszkowska-Ciastek B. Cooperation between Angiogenesis, Vasculogenesis, Chemotaxis, and Coagulation in Breast Cancer Metastases Development: Pathophysiological Point of View. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020300. [PMID: 35203510 PMCID: PMC8869468 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in women. Early breast cancer has a relatively good prognosis, in contrast to metastatic disease with rather poor outcomes. Metastasis formation in distant organs is a complex process requiring cooperation of numerous cells, growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. Tumor growth, invasion, and finally systemic spread are driven by processes of angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, chemotaxis, and coagulation. This review summarizes their role in development of distant metastases in breast cancer, as well as explains the essential processes occurring throughout these actions. Abstract With almost 2.3 million new cases and 685 thousand fatal events in 2020 alone, breast cancer remains one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. Despite the increasing prevalence of the disease in recent years, the number of deaths has dropped—this is mostly the result of better diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities, allowing to recognize and treat breast cancer earlier and more efficiently. However, metastatic disease still remains a therapeutic challenge. As mechanisms of tumor spread are being explored, new drugs can be implemented in clinical practice, improving the outcomes in patients with advanced disease. Formation of metastases is a complex process, which involves activation of angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, chemotaxis, and coagulation. The actions, which occur during metastatic spread are interrelated and complementary. This review summarizes their importance and mutual connections in formation of secondary tumors in breast cancer.
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24
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Hozhabri H, Ghasemi Dehkohneh RS, Razavi SM, Razavi SM, Salarian F, Rasouli A, Azami J, Ghasemi Shiran M, Kardan Z, Farrokhzad N, Mikaeili Namini A, Salari A. Comparative analysis of protein-protein interaction networks in metastatic breast cancer. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0260584. [PMID: 35045088 PMCID: PMC8769308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic lesions leading causes of the majority of deaths in patients with the breast cancer. The present study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the brain (MDA-MB-231 BrM2) and lung (MDA-MB-231 LM2) metastatic cell lines obtained from breast cancer patients compared with those who have primary breast cancer. We identified 981 and 662 DEGs for brain and lung metastasis, respectively. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis revealed seven shared (PLCB1, FPR1, FPR2, CX3CL1, GABBR2, GPR37, and CXCR4) hub genes between brain and lung metastasis in breast cancer. Moreover, GNG2 and CXCL8, C3, and PTPN6 in the brain and SAA1 and CCR5 in lung metastasis were found as unique hub genes. Besides, five co-regulation of clusters via seven important co-expression genes (COL1A2, LUM, SPARC, THBS2, IL1B, CXCL8, THY1) were identified in the brain PPI network. Clusters screening followed by biological process (BP) function and pathway enrichment analysis for both metastatic cell lines showed that complement receptor signalling, acetylcholine receptor signalling, and gastric acid secretion pathways were common between these metastases, whereas other pathways were site-specific. According to our findings, there are a set of genes and functional pathways that mark and mediate breast cancer metastasis to the brain and lungs, which may enable us understand the molecular basis of breast cancer development in a deeper levele to the brain and lungs, which may help us gain a more complete understanding of the molecular underpinnings of breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hozhabri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Salari Institute of Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders (SICBD), Karaj, Alborz, Iran
- Systems Biology Research Lab, Bioinformatics Group, Systems Biology of the Next Generation Company (SBNGC), Qom, Iran
| | - Roxana Sadat Ghasemi Dehkohneh
- Salari Institute of Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders (SICBD), Karaj, Alborz, Iran
- Systems Biology Research Lab, Bioinformatics Group, Systems Biology of the Next Generation Company (SBNGC), Qom, Iran
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Razavi
- Salari Institute of Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders (SICBD), Karaj, Alborz, Iran
- Systems Biology Research Lab, Bioinformatics Group, Systems Biology of the Next Generation Company (SBNGC), Qom, Iran
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - S. Mostafa Razavi
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular and Corrosion Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Fatemeh Salarian
- Systems Biology Research Lab, Bioinformatics Group, Systems Biology of the Next Generation Company (SBNGC), Qom, Iran
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azade Rasouli
- Systems Biology Research Lab, Bioinformatics Group, Systems Biology of the Next Generation Company (SBNGC), Qom, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalil Azami
- Systems Biology Research Lab, Bioinformatics Group, Systems Biology of the Next Generation Company (SBNGC), Qom, Iran
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Melika Ghasemi Shiran
- Salari Institute of Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders (SICBD), Karaj, Alborz, Iran
- Systems Biology Research Lab, Bioinformatics Group, Systems Biology of the Next Generation Company (SBNGC), Qom, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Kardan
- Systems Biology Research Lab, Bioinformatics Group, Systems Biology of the Next Generation Company (SBNGC), Qom, Iran
- Department of Cellular Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Farrokhzad
- Systems Biology Research Lab, Bioinformatics Group, Systems Biology of the Next Generation Company (SBNGC), Qom, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arsham Mikaeili Namini
- Systems Biology Research Lab, Bioinformatics Group, Systems Biology of the Next Generation Company (SBNGC), Qom, Iran
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Salari
- Salari Institute of Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders (SICBD), Karaj, Alborz, Iran
- Systems Biology Research Lab, Bioinformatics Group, Systems Biology of the Next Generation Company (SBNGC), Qom, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Karin N. Chemokines in the Landscape of Cancer Immunotherapy: How They and Their Receptors Can Be Used to Turn Cold Tumors into Hot Ones? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6317. [PMID: 34944943 PMCID: PMC8699256 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, monoclonal antibodies to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), also known as immune checkpoint blockers (ICB), have been the most successful approach for cancer therapy. Starting with mAb to cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors in metastatic melanoma and continuing with blockers of the interactions between program cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand program cell death ligand 1 (PDL-1) or program cell death ligand 2 (PDL-2), that have been approved for about 20 different indications. Yet for many cancers, ICI shows limited success. Several lines of evidence imply that the limited success in cancer immunotherapy is associated with attempts to treat patients with "cold tumors" that either lack effector T cells, or in which these cells are markedly suppressed by regulatory T cells (Tregs). Chemokines are a well-defined group of proteins that were so named due to their chemotactic properties. The current review focuses on key chemokines that not only attract leukocytes but also shape their biological properties. CXCR3 is a chemokine receptor with 3 ligands. We suggest using Ig-based fusion proteins of two of them: CXL9 and CXCL10, to enhance anti-tumor immunity and perhaps transform cold tumors into hot tumors. Potential differences between CXCL9 and CXCL10 regarding ICI are discussed. We also discuss the possibility of targeting the function or deleting a key subset of Tregs that are CCR8+ by monoclonal antibodies to CCR8. These cells are preferentially abundant in several tumors and are likely to be the key drivers in suppressing anti-cancer immune reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Karin
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, P.O. Box 9697, Haifa 31096, Israel
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26
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Bhattarai S, Mackeyev Y, Venkatesulu BP, Krishnan S, Singh PK. CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) targeted gold nanoparticles potently enhance radiotherapy outcomes in breast cancer. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:19056-19065. [PMID: 34757363 PMCID: PMC9124374 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05385j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is overexpressed on most breast cancer cell surfaces including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) which lacks traditional receptor overexpression. We targeted gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to this receptor via conjugation to anti-CXCR4 antibody (cGNPs). Irradiation of cells treated with cGNPs compared to PEGylated GNPs (pGNPs) resulted in more prominent radiosensitization of MDA-MB-231 cells with abundant CXCR4 overexpression than HTB-123 cells with moderate and MCF-7 cells with minimal CXCR4 overexpression. Overexpression of CXCR4 facilitated improved cellular internalization of cGNPs and irradiation of internalized cGNPs resulted in more unrepaired DNA double strand breaks and increased the production of oxygen free radicals compared to irradiation with non-internalized pGNPs. In a murine TNBC xenograft model, CXCR4 targeting potently increased tumor regrowth delay following radiation compared to radiation in the presence of pGNPs or vehicle alone. CXCR4 targeted GNPs enhance the efficacy of TNBC radiotherapy by increasing oxidative stress and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanta Bhattarai
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuri Mackeyev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| | | | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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Caspa Gokulan R, Devaraj H. Stem Cell Markers CXCR-4 and CD133 Predict Aggressive Phenotype and Their Double Positivity Indicates Poor Prognosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235895. [PMID: 34885003 PMCID: PMC8656999 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Oral cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies in the world, with a poor prognosis. The absence of accurate biomarkers for predicting oral cancer progression is the primary cause of treatment failures. Multiple studies have shown that cancer stem cells play a critical role in tumor growth and chemo resistance. We uncovered, for the first time, the importance of combinatorial expression of stem cell related molecules CXCR-4 and CD-133 as possible biomarkers to predict poor prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The findings will aid in the identification of high-risk cases in order to provide appropriate therapy. Abstract The activation of the SDF-1/CXCR-4 pathway is crucial for the invasion and metastasis of oral cancer cells. The CXCR-4 positive cells possess stem cell characteristics and express the cancer stem cell marker, CD133, in tumors of colon and pancreas. Despite several studies, the co-expression of CXCR-4 and CD133 and its significance is still largely unknown in oral cancer. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of CXCR-4 and CD133 double positivity in the prognosis of oral cancer. The significance of PKC-δ, one of the key signaling molecules that regulates CXCR-4, was also analyzed. Immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence was used to investigate the co-localization of CXCR-4, PKC-δ and CD133 in the human tissues and cell lines of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The expression of CXCR-4, PKC-δ and CD133 were found to be higher in poorly differentiated and lymph node metastasis-positive cases. Interestingly, CXCR-4 positive cells showed positive staining for PKC-δ and CD133 in oral cancer tissue and cell lines. Moreover, CXCR-4+/CD133+ and CXCR-4+/PKC-δ+ double positive cases have the worst survival. We discovered, for the first time, that patients with expression of both CXCR-4 and CD133 have a lower survival rate, and CXCR-4+/CD133+, as well as CXCR-4+/PKC-δ+ double positivity, can be utilized to predict poor prognosis. CXCR-4, PKC-δ and CD133 might regulate aggressiveness and invasion of oral cancer cells.
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28
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Pan C, Fang Q, Liu P, Ma D, Cao S, Zhang L, Chen Q, Hu T, Wang J. Mesenchymal Stem Cells With Cancer-Associated Fibroblast-Like Phenotype Stimulate SDF-1/CXCR4 Axis to Enhance the Growth and Invasion of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells Through Cell-to-Cell Communication. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:708513. [PMID: 34733839 PMCID: PMC8558501 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.708513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are the stromal cells in the leukemia microenvironment, and can obtain cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-like phenotype under certain conditions to further promote leukemia progression. However, the mechanism of MSCs with CAF-like phenotype interacting with leukemia cells in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and promoting the progression of B-ALL remains unclear. Methods: Mesenchymal stem cells with CAF-like phenotype were obtained by treating MSCs with recombinant human transforming growth factor-β (rhTGF-β), hereafter referred to as TGF-β conditioned MSCs. In vivo mouse model experiments, in vitro transwell chamber experiments, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models, lentiviral transfection and other experimental methods were used to investigate the possible mechanism of the interaction between TGF-β conditioned MSCs and leukemia cells in promoting the growth, migration and invasion of B-ALL cells. Results: Compared with untreated MSCs, TGF-β conditioned MSCs significantly promoted the growth and proliferation of leukemia cells in mice, and increased the expression of CXCR4 in tumor tissues. In vitro cell experiments, TGF-β conditioned MSCs obviously promoted the migration and invasion of Nalm-6/RS4;11 cells, which were effectively blocked by the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100, thereby inhibiting the secretion of MMP-9 in TGF-β conditioned MSCs and inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in leukemia cells. Further, findings were made that the interaction between TGF-β conditioned MSCs and leukemia cells were mediated by the interaction between the integrin receptor α5β1 on the surface of leukemia cells and the increased expression of fibronectin on TGF-β conditioned MSCs. AMD3100 could weaken such effect by reducing the expression of integrin α5β1 on leukemia cells. Further regulation of integrin β1 could effectively interfere with the interaction between TGF-β conditioned MSCs and leukemia cells. Conclusion: Mesenchymal stem cells with CAF-like phenotype could be a key factor in promoting the growth and invasion of B-ALL cells, and the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis might be a significant factor in mediating the communication of MSCs with CAF-like phenotype and leukemia cells. To prevent the progression of B-ALL cells, blocking the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis with AMD3100 or targeting integrin β1 might be a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyun Pan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Haematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Hematological Institute of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Qin Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Haematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Hematological Institute of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of Haematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Hematological Institute of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre and Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, Guiyang, China
| | - Shuyun Cao
- Department of Haematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Hematological Institute of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Luxin Zhang
- Department of Haematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Hematological Institute of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Qingzhen Chen
- Department of Haematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Hematological Institute of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Tianzhen Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jishi Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Haematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Hematological Institute of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Province Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Centre and Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centre, Guiyang, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Gu J, Sun R, Wang Q, Liu F, Tang D, Chang X. Standardized Astragalus Mongholicus Bunge- Curcuma Aromatica Salisb. Extract Efficiently Suppresses Colon Cancer Progression Through Gut Microbiota Modification in CT26-Bearing Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:714322. [PMID: 34531745 PMCID: PMC8438123 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.714322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered gut microbiota and a damaged colon mucosal barrier have been implicated in the development of colon cancer. Astragalus mongholicus Bunge-Curcuma aromatica Salisb. (ACE) is a common herbal drug pair that widely used clinically to treat cancer. However, whether the anti-cancer effect of ACE is related to gut microbiota remains unclear yet. We standardized ACE and investigated the effects of ACE on tumour suppression and analyze the related mechanisms on gut microbiota in CT26 colon cancer-bearing mice in the present study. Firstly, four flavonoids (calycosin-7-glucoside, ononin, calycosin, formononetin) and three astragalosides (astragaloside A, astragaloside II, astragaloside I) riched in Astragalus mongholicus Bunge, three curcumins (bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin, curcumin) and four essential oils (curdione, curzerene, germacrone and β-elemene) from Curcuma aromatica Salisb., in concentrations from 0.08 to 2.07 mg/g, were examined in ACE. Then the results in vivo studies indicated that ACE inhibited solid tumours, liver and spleen metastases of colon cancer while simultaneously reducing pathological tissue damage. Additionally, ACE regulated gut microbiota dysbiosis and the short chain fatty acid content in the gut, repaired intestinal barrier damage. ACE treatment suppressed the overgrowth of conditional pathogenic gut bacteria, including Escherichia-Shigella, Streptococcus and Enterococcus, while the probiotic gut microbiota like Lactobacillus, Roseburia, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 and Mucispirillum were increased. More interestingly, the content level of SCFAs such as propionic acid and butyric acid was increased after ACE administration, which further mediates intestinal SDF-1/CXCR4 signalling pathway to repair the integrity of the intestinal barrier, decrease Cyclin D1 and C-myc expressions, eventually suppress the tumor the growth and metastasis of colon cancer. To sum up, the present study demonstrated that ACE could efficiently suppress colon cancer progression through gut microbiota modification, which may provide a new explanation of the mechanism of ACE against colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Gu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruolan Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiaohan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fuyan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Decai Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangwei Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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30
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Neagu AN, Whitham D, Buonanno E, Jenkins A, Alexa-Stratulat T, Tamba BI, Darie CC. Proteomics and its applications in breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:4006-4049. [PMID: 34659875 PMCID: PMC8493401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is an individually unique, multi-faceted and chameleonic disease, an eternal challenge for the new era of high-integrated precision diagnostic and personalized oncomedicine. Besides traditional single-omics fields (such as genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics) and multi-omics contributions (proteogenomics, proteotranscriptomics or reproductomics), several new "-omics" approaches and exciting proteomics subfields are contributing to basic and advanced understanding of these "multiple diseases termed breast cancer": phenomics/cellomics, connectomics and interactomics, secretomics, matrisomics, exosomics, angiomics, chaperomics and epichaperomics, phosphoproteomics, ubiquitinomics, metalloproteomics, terminomics, degradomics and metadegradomics, adhesomics, stressomics, microbiomics, immunomics, salivaomics, materiomics and other biomics. Throughout the extremely complex neoplastic process, a Breast Cancer Cell Continuum Concept (BCCCC) has been modeled in this review as a spatio-temporal and holistic approach, as long as the breast cancer represents a complex cascade comprising successively integrated populations of heterogeneous tumor and cancer-associated cells, that reflect the carcinoma's progression from a "driving mutation" and formation of the breast primary tumor, toward the distant secondary tumors in different tissues and organs, via circulating tumor cell populations. This BCCCC is widely sustained by a Breast Cancer Proteomic Continuum Concept (BCPCC), where each phenotype of neoplastic and tumor-associated cells is characterized by a changing and adaptive proteomic profile detected in solid and liquid minimal invasive biopsies by complex proteomics approaches. Such a profile is created, beginning with the proteomic landscape of different neoplastic cell populations and cancer-associated cells, followed by subsequent analysis of protein biomarkers involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and intravasation, circulating tumor cell proteomics, and, finally, by protein biomarkers that highlight the extravasation and distant metastatic invasion. Proteomics technologies are producing important data in breast cancer diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers discovery and validation, are detecting genetic aberrations at the proteome level, describing functional and regulatory pathways and emphasizing specific protein and peptide profiles in human tissues, biological fluids, cell lines and animal models. Also, proteomics can identify different breast cancer subtypes and specific protein and proteoform expression, can assess the efficacy of cancer therapies at cellular and tissular level and can even identify new therapeutic target proteins in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca-Narcisa Neagu
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
- Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of IașiCarol I bvd. No. 22, Iași 700505, Romania
| | - Danielle Whitham
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Emma Buonanno
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Avalon Jenkins
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
| | - Teodora Alexa-Stratulat
- Department of Medical Oncology-Radiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and PharmacyIndependenței bvd. No. 16-18, Iași 700021, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ionel Tamba
- Advanced Center for Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and PharmacyMihail Kogălniceanu Street No. 9-13, Iași 700454, Romania
| | - Costel C Darie
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Group, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson UniversityPotsdam, NY 13699-5810, USA
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31
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Chen G, Zhou Z, Jin J, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Wang W. CXCR4 is a prognostic marker that inhibits the invasion and migration of gastric cancer by regulating VEGF expression. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:587. [PMID: 34149898 PMCID: PMC8200941 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of poor prognosis of patients with gastric cancer (GC). Thus, current research is focused on identifying biomarkers that can predict the prognosis of patients with GC. C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been reported to play important roles in different types of malignancies; however, their role in the prognosis of GC remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the potential role of CXCR4 and VEGF in predicting the prognosis of patients with GC. Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed to analyze the expression levels of CXCR4 and VEGF in a GC tissue microarray containing GC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. The association between CXCR4 or VEGF expression levels and the clinicopathological characteristics or survival outcomes were assessed. Furthermore, Transwell and wound healing assays were performed to determine the cell invasive and migratory abilities in vitro. The results demonstrated that CXCR4 promoted AGS cell invasion and migration by regulating VEGF expression. In addition, CXCR4 and VEGF expression levels were significantly upregulated in GC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, which was associated with a poorer overall survival (OS). Cox regression analysis demonstrated that both upregulated CXCR4 and VEGF expression were independent negative biomarkers of OS. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to discover that CXCR4 and VEGF exert synergistic roles as efficient prognostic indicators for patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyang Chen
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou City Jiangsu, Jiangsu, Taizhou 225300, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Jun Jin
- Institute of Combining Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yangzhou 225001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Institute of Combining Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yangzhou 225001, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.,Institute of Combining Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yangzhou 225001, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Wang
- Institute of Combining Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yangzhou 225001, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Yixing Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, Yixing 214200, P.R. China
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32
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Saxena S, Singh RK. Chemokines orchestrate tumor cells and the microenvironment to achieve metastatic heterogeneity. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:447-476. [PMID: 33959849 PMCID: PMC9863248 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines, a subfamily of the cell cytokines, are low molecular weight proteins known to induce chemotaxis in leukocytes in response to inflammatory and pathogenic signals. A plethora of literature demonstrates that chemokines and their receptors regulate tumor progression and metastasis. With these diverse functionalities, chemokines act as a fundamental link between the tumor cells and their microenvironment. Recent studies demonstrate that the biology of chemokines and their receptor in metastasis is complex as numerous chemokines are involved in regulating site-specific tumor growth and metastasis. Successful treatment of disseminated cancer is a significant challenge. The most crucial problem for treating metastatic cancer is developing therapy regimes capable of overcoming heterogeneity problems within primary tumors and among metastases and within metastases (intralesional). This heterogeneity of malignant tumor cells can be related to metastatic potential, response to chemotherapy or specific immunotherapy, and many other factors. In this review, we have emphasized the role of chemokines in the process of metastasis and metastatic heterogeneity. Individual chemokines may not express the full potential to address metastatic heterogeneity, but chemokine networks need exploration. Understanding the interplay between chemokine-chemokine receptor networks between the tumor cells and their microenvironment is a novel approach to overcome the problem of metastatic heterogeneity. Recent advances in the understanding of chemokine networks pave the way for developing a potential targeted therapeutic strategy to treat metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Saxena
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, USA
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985900 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5900, USA.
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Gonçalves-Monteiro S, Ribeiro-Oliveira R, Vieira-Rocha MS, Vojtek M, Sousa JB, Diniz C. Insights into Nuclear G-Protein-Coupled Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in Non-Communicable Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:439. [PMID: 34066915 PMCID: PMC8148550 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise a large protein superfamily divided into six classes, rhodopsin-like (A), secretin receptor family (B), metabotropic glutamate (C), fungal mating pheromone receptors (D), cyclic AMP receptors (E) and frizzled (F). Until recently, GPCRs signaling was thought to emanate exclusively from the plasma membrane as a response to extracellular stimuli but several studies have challenged this view demonstrating that GPCRs can be present in intracellular localizations, including in the nuclei. A renewed interest in GPCR receptors' superfamily emerged and intensive research occurred over recent decades, particularly regarding class A GPCRs, but some class B and C have also been explored. Nuclear GPCRs proved to be functional and capable of triggering identical and/or distinct signaling pathways associated with their counterparts on the cell surface bringing new insights into the relevance of nuclear GPCRs and highlighting the nucleus as an autonomous signaling organelle (triggered by GPCRs). Nuclear GPCRs are involved in physiological (namely cell proliferation, transcription, angiogenesis and survival) and disease processes (cancer, cardiovascular diseases, etc.). In this review we summarize emerging evidence on nuclear GPCRs expression/function (with some nuclear GPCRs evidencing atypical/disruptive signaling pathways) in non-communicable disease, thus, bringing nuclear GPCRs as targets to the forefront of debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Gonçalves-Monteiro
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.G.-M.); (R.R.-O.); (M.S.V.-R.); (M.V.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Ribeiro-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.G.-M.); (R.R.-O.); (M.S.V.-R.); (M.V.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Sofia Vieira-Rocha
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.G.-M.); (R.R.-O.); (M.S.V.-R.); (M.V.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Martin Vojtek
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.G.-M.); (R.R.-O.); (M.S.V.-R.); (M.V.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana B. Sousa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.G.-M.); (R.R.-O.); (M.S.V.-R.); (M.V.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Diniz
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (S.G.-M.); (R.R.-O.); (M.S.V.-R.); (M.V.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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34
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Kawakita E, Koya D, Kanasaki K. CD26/DPP-4: Type 2 Diabetes Drug Target with Potential Influence on Cancer Biology. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092191. [PMID: 34063285 PMCID: PMC8124456 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor is widely used for type 2 diabetes. Although DPP-4/CD26 has been recognized as both a suppressor and inducer in tumor biology due to its various functions, how DPP-4 inhibitor affects cancer progression in diabetic patients is still unknown. The aim of this review is to summarize one unfavorable aspect of DPP-4 inhibitor in cancer-bearing diabetic patients. Abstract DPP-4/CD26, a membrane-bound glycoprotein, is ubiquitously expressed and has diverse biological functions. Because of its enzymatic action, such as the degradation of incretin hormones, DPP-4/CD26 is recognized as the significant therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes (T2DM); DPP-4 inhibitors have been used as an anti-diabetic agent for a decade. The safety profile of DPP-4 inhibitors for a cardiovascular event in T2DM patients has been widely analyzed; however, a clear association between DPP-4 inhibitors and tumor biology is not yet established. Previous preclinical studies reported that DPP-4 suppression would impact tumor progression processes. With regard to this finding, we have shown that the DPP-4 inhibitor induces breast cancer metastasis and chemoresistance via an increase in its substrate C-X-C motif chemokine 12, and the consequent induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the tumor. DPP-4/CD26 plays diverse pivotal roles beyond blood glucose control; thus, DPP-4 inhibitors can potentially impact cancer-bearing T2DM patients either favorably or unfavorably. In this review, we primarily focus on the possible undesirable effect of DPP-4 inhibition on tumor biology. Clinicians should note that the safety of DPP-4 inhibitors for diabetic patients with an existing cancer is an unresolved issue, and further mechanistic analysis is essential in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Kawakita
- Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan;
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan;
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan;
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada 920-0293, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-853-20-2183
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35
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Chen L, Chen Q, Wu Y, Zhu M, Hu J, Zhuang Z. MTSS1 inhibits colorectal cancer metastasis by regulating the CXCR4/CXCL12 signaling axis. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:65. [PMID: 33649808 PMCID: PMC7952249 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the most common site of metastasis for colorectal cancer (CRC). Metastasis suppressor 1 (MTSS1), a potential tumor suppressor gene associated with tumor metastasis, has been reported to play an important role in cancer development. The present study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of MTSS1 on the biological behavior of CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo. A CRC mouse model with a high liver metastatic potential was established by injecting mice with SW1116 cells, and the association between MTSS1 expression levels and the metastatic potential of forming liver metastasis lesions was subsequently analyzed. MTSS1 gain‑ and loss‑of‑function experiments were performed by transfecting the CRC cell lines, SW1116 and DLD‑1, with Plvx‑IRES‑ZsGreen1‑MTSS1 plasmid and short hairpin RNA, respectively. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by MTT, Transwell and flow cytometric assays, respectively. To further determine the underlying mechanisms of MTSS1 in CRC, the expression levels of cell surface chemokine C‑X‑C receptor 4 (CXCR4) and its downstream signaling factors, Rac and cell division cycle 42 (CDC42), were analyzed with or without C‑X‑C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) stimulation. The results revealed that as the CRC metastatic potential increased, the expression levels of MTSS1 decreased. The overexpression of MTSS1 exerted an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while the knockdown of MTSS1 exerted the opposite effects in vitro. Flow cytometric analysis and western blot analysis demonstrated that MTSS1 negatively regulated the expression levels of cell surface CXCR4 and its downstream signaling pathway activation. On the whole, the results of the present study indicate that MTSS1 may play an important negative role in CRC metastasis and the underlying mechanisms may involve the downregulation of the CXCR4/CXCL12 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Yongyou Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Minggao Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Jia Hu
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, College of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Zhixiang Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
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36
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Luker GD, Yang J, Richmond A, Scala S, Festuccia C, Schottelius M, Wester HJ, Zimmermann J. At the Bench: Pre-clinical evidence for multiple functions of CXCR4 in cancer. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 109:969-989. [PMID: 33104270 PMCID: PMC8254203 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2bt1018-715rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling through chemokine receptor, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) regulates essential processes in normal physiology, including embryogenesis, tissue repair, angiogenesis, and trafficking of immune cells. Tumors co-opt many of these fundamental processes to directly stimulate proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. CXCR4 signaling contributes to critical functions of stromal cells in cancer, including angiogenesis and multiple cell types in the tumor immune environment. Studies in animal models of several different types of cancers consistently demonstrate essential functions of CXCR4 in tumor initiation, local invasion, and metastasis to lymph nodes and distant organs. Data from animal models support clinical observations showing that integrated effects of CXCR4 on cancer and stromal cells correlate with metastasis and overall poor prognosis in >20 different human malignancies. Small molecules, Abs, and peptidic agents have shown anticancer efficacy in animal models, sparking ongoing efforts at clinical translation for cancer therapy. Investigators also are developing companion CXCR4-targeted imaging agents with potential to stratify patients for CXCR4-targeted therapy and monitor treatment efficacy. Here, pre-clinical studies demonstrating functions of CXCR4 in cancer are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Luker
- Departments of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jinming Yang
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ann Richmond
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stefania Scala
- Research Department, Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- Department of Applied Clinical Science and Biotechnologies, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Margret Schottelius
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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Fang H, Cavaliere A, Li Z, Huang Y, Marquez-Nostra B. Preclinical Advances in Theranostics for the Different Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:627693. [PMID: 33986665 PMCID: PMC8111013 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.627693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. The heterogeneity of breast cancer and drug resistance to therapies make the diagnosis and treatment difficult. Molecular imaging methods with positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) provide useful tools to diagnose, predict, and monitor the response of therapy, contributing to precision medicine for breast cancer patients. Recently, many efforts have been made to find new targets for breast cancer therapy to overcome resistance to standard of care treatments, giving rise to new therapeutic agents to offer more options for patients with breast cancer. The combination of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies forms the foundation of theranostics. Some of these theranostic agents exhibit high potential to be translated to clinic. In this review, we highlight the most recent advances in theranostics of the different molecular subtypes of breast cancer in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyi Fang
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Alessandra Cavaliere
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ziqi Li
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Bernadette Marquez-Nostra
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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Zarychta E, Ruszkowska-Ciastek B, Bielawski K, Rhone P. Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1α (SDF-1α) in Invasive Breast Cancer: Associations with Vasculo-Angiogenic Factors and Prognostic Significance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1952. [PMID: 33919589 PMCID: PMC8072989 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Tumour angiogenesis is critical for the progression of neoplasms. A prospective study was designed to examine the utility of stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) and selected vasculo-angiogenic parameters for estimating the probability of disease relapse in 84 primary, operable invasive breast cancer (IBrC) patients (40 (48%) with stage IA and 44 (52%) with stage IIA and IIB). (2) Methods: We explored the prognostic value of the plasma levels of SDF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), the soluble forms of VEGF receptors type 1 and 2, and the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (circulating EPCs) in breast cancer patients. The median follow-up duration was 58 months, with complete follow-up for the first event. (3) Results: According to ROC curve analysis, the optimal cut-off point for SDF-1α (for discriminating between patients at high and low risk of relapse) was 42 pg/mL, providing 57% sensitivity and 75% specificity. Kaplan-Meier curves for disease-free survival (DFS) showed that concentrations of SDF-1α lower than 42 pg/dL together with a VEGFR1 lower than 29.86 pg/mL were significantly associated with shorter DFS in IBrC patients (p = 0.0381). Patients with both SDF-1α lower than 42 pg/dL and a number of circulating EPCs lower than 9.68 cells/µL had significantly shorter DFS (p = 0.0138). (4) Conclusions: Our results imply the clinical usefulness of SDF-1α, sVEGFR1 and the number of circulating EPCs as prognostic markers for breast cancer in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Zarychta
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.R.-C.); (K.B.)
| | - Barbara Ruszkowska-Ciastek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.R.-C.); (K.B.)
| | - Kornel Bielawski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.R.-C.); (K.B.)
| | - Piotr Rhone
- Clinical Ward of Breast Cancer and Reconstructive Surgery, Oncology Centre Prof. F. Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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Santagata S, Ieranò C, Trotta AM, Capiluongo A, Auletta F, Guardascione G, Scala S. CXCR4 and CXCR7 Signaling Pathways: A Focus on the Cross-Talk Between Cancer Cells and Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:591386. [PMID: 33937018 PMCID: PMC8082172 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.591386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and 7 (CXCR7) are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activated through their shared ligand CXCL12 in multiple human cancers. They play a key role in the tumor/tumor microenvironment (TME) promoting tumor progression, targeting cell proliferation and migration, while orchestrating the recruitment of immune and stromal cells within the TME. CXCL12 excludes T cells from TME through a concentration gradient that inhibits immunoactive cells access and promotes tumor vascularization. Thus, dual CXCR4/CXCR7 inhibition will target different cancer components. CXCR4/CXCR7 antagonism should prevent the development of metastases by interfering with tumor cell growth, migration and chemotaxis and favoring the frequency of T cells in TME. Herein, we discuss the current understanding on the role of CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 cross-talk in tumor progression and immune cells recruitment providing support for a combined CXCR4/CXCR7 targeting therapy. In addition, we consider emerging approaches that coordinately target both immune checkpoints and CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Santagata
- Research Department, Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Caterina Ieranò
- Research Department, Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Trotta
- Research Department, Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Capiluongo
- Research Department, Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Federica Auletta
- Research Department, Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Guardascione
- Research Department, Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefania Scala
- Research Department, Microenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
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40
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Heft Neal ME, Gensterblum-Miller E, Bhangale AD, Kulkarni A, Zhai J, Smith J, Brummel C, Foltin SK, Thomas D, Jiang H, McHugh JB, Brenner JC. Integrative sequencing discovers an ATF1-motif enriched molecular signature that differentiates hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma from mucoepidemoid carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2021; 117:105270. [PMID: 33827033 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Salivary gland tumors are comprised of a diverse group of malignancies with widely varying prognoses. These cancers can be difficult to differentiate, especially in cases with limited potential for immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based characterization. Here, we sought to define the molecular profile of a rare salivary gland cancer called hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC), and identify a molecular gene signature capable of distinguishing between HCCC and the histopathologically similar disease, mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed the first integrated full characterization of five independent HCCC cases. RESULTS We discovered insulin-like growth factor alterations and aberrant IGF2 and/or IGF1R expression in HCCC tumors, suggesting a potential dependence on this pathway. Further, we identified a 354 gene signature that differentiated HCCC from MEC, and was significantly enriched for genes with an ATF1 binding motif in their promoters, supporting a transcriptional pathogenic mechanism of the characteristic EWSR1-ATF1 fusion found in these tumors. Of the differentially expressed genes, IGF1R, SGK1 and SGK3 were found to be elevated in the HCCCs relative to MECs. Finally, analysis of immune checkpoints and subsequent IHC demonstrated that CXCR4 protein was elevated in several of the HCCC cases. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data identify an ATF1-motif enriched gene signature that may have clinical utility for molecular differentiation of HCCCs from other salivary gland tumors and discover potential actionable alterations that may benefit the clinical care of recurrent HCCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Heft Neal
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - E Gensterblum-Miller
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - A D Bhangale
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - A Kulkarni
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - J Zhai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - J Smith
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - C Brummel
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - S K Foltin
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - D Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - H Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - J B McHugh
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - J C Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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41
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Cavalcante RS, Ishikawa U, Silva ES, Silva-Júnior AA, Araújo AA, Cruz LJ, Chan AB, de Araújo Júnior RF. STAT3/NF-κB signalling disruption in M2 tumour-associated macrophages is a major target of PLGA nanocarriers/PD-L1 antibody immunomodulatory therapy in breast cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:2284-2304. [PMID: 33434950 PMCID: PMC8251773 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Inflammation associated with the tumour microenvironment (TME) is critical for cancer development, and immunotherapeutic strategies modulating the immune response in cancer have been crucial. In this study, a methotrexate‐loaded (MTX) poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)‐based (PLGA) drug nanocarrier covered with polyethyleneimine (Pei) and hyaluronic acid (HA) was developed and combined with an PD‐L1 antibody to investigate anti‐cancer and immunomodulatory effects in breast cancer TME. Experimental Approach Naked or HA‐coated PeiPLGA‐MTX nanoparticles (NPs) were assessed on 4T1 breast cancer cells grown in culture and in a mouse model of orthotopic tumour growth. Tumours were evaluated by qRT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry. The cell death profile and cell migration were analysed in vitro in 4T1 cells. Polarization of murine macrophages (RAW cells) was also carried out. Key Results Naked or HA‐coated PeiPLGA‐MTX NPs used alone or combined with PD‐L1 antibody modified the tumourigenic course by TME immunomodulation, leading to reduction of primary tumour size and metastases. STAT3 and NF‐κB were the major genes downregulated by NPs. In tumor‐associated macrophages (TAM) such regulation switched M2 phenotype (CD163) towards M1 (CD68) and reduced levels of IL‐10, TGF‐β and CCL22. Moreover, malignant cells showed overexpression of FADD, APAF‐1, caspase‐3 and E‐cadherin, and decreased expression of Bcl‐2, MDR‐1, survivin, vimentin, CXCR4 and PD‐L1 after treatment with NPs. Conclusion and Implications NPs‐mediated STAT3/NF‐κB signalling axis suppression disrupted crosstalk between immune and malignant cells, reducing immunosuppression and critical pro‐tumour events. These findings provide a promising therapeutic approach capable of guiding the immune TME to suppress the development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo S Cavalcante
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.,Cancer and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Uta Ishikawa
- Cancer and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Emanuell S Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Development and Technological Innovation in Medicines, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Arnóbio A Silva-Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Development and Technological Innovation in Medicines, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Aurigena A Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Luis J Cruz
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alan B Chan
- Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Biotechnology Company, Percuros B. V, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Raimundo F de Araújo Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.,Cancer and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.,Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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42
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Meng X, Wielockx B, Rauner M, Bozec A. Hypoxia-Inducible Factors Regulate Osteoclasts in Health and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:658893. [PMID: 33816509 PMCID: PMC8014084 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.658893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) have become key transcriptional regulators of metabolism, angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, proliferation, inflammation and metastases. HIFs are tightly regulated by the tissue microenvironment. Under the influence of the hypoxic milieu, HIF proteins allow the tissue to adapt its response. This is especially critical for bone, as it constitutes a highly hypoxic environment. As such, bone structure and turnover are strongly influenced by the modulation of oxygen availability and HIFs. Both, bone forming osteoblasts and bone resorbing osteoclasts are targeted by HIFs and modulators of oxygen tension. Experimental and clinical data have delineated the importance of HIF responses in different osteoclast-mediated pathologies. This review will focus on the influence of HIF expression on the regulation of osteoclasts in homeostasis as well as during inflammatory and malignant bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyi Meng
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU) and Universitatsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine 3 - Division of Molecular Bone Biology, Medical Faculty of the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg (FAU) and Universitatsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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43
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Matossian MD, Elliott S, Rhodes LV, Martin EC, Hoang VT, Burks HE, Zuercher WJ, Drewry DH, Collins-Burow BM, Burow ME. Application of a small molecule inhibitor screen approach to identify CXCR4 downstream signaling pathways that promote a mesenchymal and fulvestrant-resistant phenotype in breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:380. [PMID: 33777204 PMCID: PMC7988660 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and its ligand stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) have well-characterized functions in cancer metastasis; however, the specific mechanisms through which CXCR4 promotes a metastatic and drug-resistant phenotype remain widely unknown. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the application of a phenotypic screening approach using a small molecule inhibitor library to identify potential CXCR4-mediated signaling pathways. The present study demonstrated a new application of the Published Kinase Inhibitor Set (PKIS), a library of small molecule inhibitors from diverse chemotype series with varying levels of selectivity, in a phenotypic medium-throughput screen to identify potential mechanisms to pursue. Crystal violet staining and brightfield microscopy were employed to evaluate relative cell survival and changes to cell morphology in the screens. ‘Hits’ or lead active compounds in the first screen were PKIS inhibitors that reversed mesenchymal morphologies in CXCR4-activated breast cancer cells without the COOH-terminal domain (MCF-7-CXCR4-ΔCTD) and in the phenotypically mesenchymal triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, BT-549 and MDA-MB-157), used as positive controls. In a following screen, the phenotypic and cell viability screen was used with a positive control that was both morphologically mesenchymal and had acquired fulvestrant resistance. Compounds within the same chemotype series were identified that exhibited biological activity in the screens, the ‘active’ inhibitors, were compared with inactive compounds. Relative kinase activity was obtained using published datasets to discover candidate kinase targets responsible for CXCR4 activity. MAP4K4 and MINK reversed both the mesenchymal and drug-resistant phenotypes, NEK9 and DYRK2 only reversed the mesenchymal morphology, and kinases, including ROS, LCK, HCK and LTK, altered the fulvestrant-resistant phenotype. Oligoarray experiments revealed pathways affected in CXCR4-activated cells, and these pathways were compared with the present screening approach to validate our screening tool. The oligoarray approach identified the integrin-mediated, ephrin B-related, RhoA, RAC1 and ErbB signaling pathways to be upregulated in MCF-7-CXCR4-ΔCTD cells, with ephrin B signaling also identified in the PKIS phenotypic screen. The present screening tool may be used to discover potential mechanisms of targeted signaling pathways in solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarite D Matossian
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Steven Elliott
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Lyndsay V Rhodes
- Department of Biology, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Martin
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Van T Hoang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hope E Burks
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - William J Zuercher
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David H Drewry
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bridgette M Collins-Burow
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Matthew E Burow
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Tabana Y, Okoye IS, Siraki A, Elahi S, Barakat KH. Tackling Immune Targets for Breast Cancer: Beyond PD-1/PD-L1 Axis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:628138. [PMID: 33747948 PMCID: PMC7973280 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.628138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of breast cancer is imposing a huge global problem. Drug discovery research and novel approaches to treat breast cancer have been carried out extensively over the last decades. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors are showing promising preclinical and clinical results in treating breast cancer, they are facing multiple limitations. From an immunological perspective, a recent report highlighted breast cancer as an "inflamed tumor" with an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Consequently, researchers have been focusing on identifying novel immunological targets that can tune up the tumor immune microenvironment. In this context, several novel non-classical immune targets have been targeted to determine their ability to uncouple immunoregulatory pathways at play in the tumor microenvironment. This article will highlight strategies designed to increase the immunogenicity of the breast tumor microenvironment. It also addresses the latest studies on targets which can enhance immune responses to breast cancer and discusses examples of preclinical and clinical trial landscapes that utilize these targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Tabana
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Isobel S. Okoye
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Arno Siraki
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Khaled H. Barakat
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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45
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Li S, Yang H, Li S, Zhao Z, Wang D, Fu W. High expression of regulator of G-protein signalling 1 is associated with the poor differentiation and prognosis of gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:322. [PMID: 33692854 PMCID: PMC7933750 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has highlighted that immune and stromal cells form the majority of the tumour microenvironment (TME), which plays important roles in tumour progression. The present study aimed to screen vital prognostic genes associated with the TME in gastric cancer (GC). The ESTIMATE algorithm was applied to calculate TME-related scores, and the relationship between clinicopathological variables and these scores was analysed. Heatmaps and Venn plots were then used to visualize and screen differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis was performed, and a protein-protein interaction network was constructed. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated to evaluate survival differences for each hub gene. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR was employed to evaluate the expression of the three hub genes in the validation cohort. The association between gene expression, clinicopathological variables and survival was also evaluated. Higher stromal scores were associated with worse outcomes in patients with GC. In addition, higher scores were significantly associated with a higher tumour grade, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage and T stage with regard to immune scores, stromal scores and ESTIMATE scores, respectively. In total, 644 upregulated intersecting genes and 126 downregulated genes were identified. Moreover, 71 TME-associated hub genes were identified. Batch survival analysis revealed that higher expression of CXCR4, PTGFR and RGS1 was significantly associated with worse outcome. Subsequently, the relationship between high expression of RGS1 and poor prognosis was verified, and high expression of RGS1 was associated with poor differentiation. In conclusion, it was found that compared with immune cells, stromal cells may play a more important role in the prognosis of patients with GC. In addition, the influence of RGS1 expression on survival in GC patients was identified and verified, and high expression of RGS1 was found to be associated with a low differentiation degree of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Huaxiang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Shuliang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, Shandong 252600, P.R. China
| | - Zongxian Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Daohan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China.,Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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46
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Cadima-Couto I, Tauzin A, Freire JM, Figueira TN, Silva RDM, Pérez-Peinado C, Cunha-Santos C, Bártolo I, Taveira N, Gano L, Correia JDG, Goncalves J, Mammano F, Andreu D, Castanho MARB, Veiga AS. Anti-HIV-1 Activity of pepRF1, a Proteolysis-Resistant CXCR4 Antagonist Derived from Dengue Virus Capsid Protein. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:6-22. [PMID: 33319557 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for the development of new anti-HIV drugs that can complement existing medicines to be used against resistant strains. Here, we report the anti-HIV-1 peptide pepRF1, a human serum-resistant peptide derived from the Dengue virus capsid protein. In vitro, pepRF1 shows a 50% inhibitory concentration of 1.5 nM with a potential therapeutic window higher than 53 000. This peptide is specific for CXCR4-tropic strains, preventing viral entry into target cells by binding to the viral coreceptor CXCR4, acting as an antagonist of this receptor. pepRF1 is more effective than T20, the only peptide-based HIV-1 entry inhibitor approved, and excels in inhibiting a HIV-1 strain resistant to T20. Potentially, pepRF1 can be used alone or in combination with other anti-HIV drugs. Furthermore, one can also envisage its use as a novel therapeutic strategy for other CXCR4-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Cadima-Couto
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Tauzin
- INSERM UMR 1124, Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saints Pères, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - João M. Freire
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago N. Figueira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rúben D. M. Silva
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Clara Pérez-Peinado
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Catarina Cunha-Santos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Bártolo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Taveira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, 2829-511 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Lurdes Gano
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - João D. G. Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Joao Goncalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fabrizio Mammano
- INSERM UMR 1124, Université de Paris, 45 rue des Saints Pères, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - David Andreu
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A. R. B. Castanho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Salomé Veiga
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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Lan H, Zhang W, Jin K, Liu Y, Wang Z. Modulating barriers of tumor microenvironment through nanocarrier systems for improved cancer immunotherapy: a review of current status and future perspective. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:1248-1262. [PMID: 32865029 PMCID: PMC7470050 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1809559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy suppresses and destroys tumors by re-activating and sustaining the tumor-immune process, and thus improving the immune response of the body to the tumor. Immunotherapeutic strategies are showing promising results in pre-clinical and clinical trials, however, tumor microenvironment (TME) is extremely immunosuppressive. Thus, their translation from labs to clinics still faces issues. Recently, nanomaterial-based strategies have been developed to modulate the TME for robust immunotherapeutic responses. The combination of nanotechnology with immunotherapy potentiates the effectiveness of immunotherapy by increasing delivery and retention, and by reducing immunomodulation toxicity. This review aims to highlight the barriers offered by TME for hindering the efficiency of immunotherapy for cancer treatment. Next, we highlight various nano-carriers based strategies for modulating those barriers for achieving better therapeutic efficacy of cancer immunotherapy with higher safety. This review will add to the body of scientific knowledge and will be a good reference material for academia and industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanrong Lan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ketao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuyao Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Pisani A, Donno R, Gennari A, Cibecchini G, Catalano F, Marotta R, Pompa PP, Tirelli N, Bardi G. CXCL12-PLGA/Pluronic Nanoparticle Internalization Abrogates CXCR4-Mediated Cell Migration. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10112304. [PMID: 33233846 PMCID: PMC7699919 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine-induced chemotaxis mediates physiological and pathological immune cell trafficking, as well as several processes involving cell migration. Among them, the role of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling in cancer and metastasis is well known, and CXCR4 has been often targeted with small molecule-antagonists or short CXCL12-derived peptides to limit the pathological processes of cell migration and invasion. To reduce CXCR4-mediated chemotaxis, we adopted a different approach. We manufactured poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/Pluronic F127 nanoparticles through microfluidics-assisted nanoprecipitation and functionalized them with streptavidin to docking a biotinylated CXCL12 to be exposed on the nanoparticle surface. Our results show that CXCL12-decorated nanoparticles are non-toxic and do not induce inflammatory cytokine release in THP-1 monocytes cultured in fetal bovine and human serum-supplemented media. The cell internalization of our chemokine receptor-targeting particles increases in accordance with CXCR4 expression in FBS/medium. We demonstrated that CXCL12-decorated nanoparticles do not induce cell migration on their own, but their pre-incubation with THP-1 significantly decreases CXCR4+-cell migration, thereby antagonizing the chemotactic action of CXCL12. The use of biodegradable and immune-compatible chemokine-mimetic nanoparticles to reduce cell migration opens the way to novel antagonists with potential application in cancer treatments and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Pisani
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; (A.P.); (G.C.); (P.P.P.)
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Roberto Donno
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; (R.D.); (A.G.)
| | - Arianna Gennari
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; (R.D.); (A.G.)
| | - Giulia Cibecchini
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; (A.P.); (G.C.); (P.P.P.)
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Federico Catalano
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; (F.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberto Marotta
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; (F.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; (A.P.); (G.C.); (P.P.P.)
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; (R.D.); (A.G.)
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (G.B.); Tel.: +39-010-289-6923 (N.T.); +39-010-289-6519 (G.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Bardi
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; (A.P.); (G.C.); (P.P.P.)
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (G.B.); Tel.: +39-010-289-6923 (N.T.); +39-010-289-6519 (G.B.)
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Sajib AM, Sandey M, Morici S, Schuler B, Agarwal P, Smith BF. Analysis of endogenous and exogenous tumor upregulated promoter expression in canine tumors. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240807. [PMID: 33166332 PMCID: PMC7652315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising treatment option for cancer. However, its utility may be limited due to expression in off-target cells. Cancer-specific promoters such as telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), survivin, and chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) have enhanced activity in a variety of human and murine cancers, however, little has been published regarding these promoters in dogs. Given the utility of canine cancer models, the activity of these promoters along with adenoviral E2F enhanced E1a promoter (EEE) was evaluated in a variety of canine tumors, both from the endogenous gene and from exogenously administered constructs. Endogenous expression levels were measured for cTERT, cSurvivin, and cCXCR4 and were low for all three, with some non-malignant and some tumor cell lines and tissues expressing the gene. Expression levels from exogenously supplied promoters were measured by both the number of cells expressing the construct and the intensity of expression in individual cells. Exogenously supplied promoters were active in more cells in all tumor lines than in normal cells, with the EEE promoter being most active, followed by cTERT. The intensity of expression varied more with cell type than with specific promoters. Ultimately, no single promoter was identified that would result in reliable expression, regardless of the tumor type. Thus, these findings imply that identification of a pan-cancer promoter may be difficult. In addition, this data raises the concern that endogenous expression analysis may not accurately predict exogenous promoter activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Mohin Sajib
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Maninder Sandey
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Samantha Morici
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Bradley Schuler
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Payal Agarwal
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Bruce F. Smith
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
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The Tumor Microenvironment of Primitive and Metastatic Breast Cancer: Implications for Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218102. [PMID: 33143050 PMCID: PMC7662409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer evolves thanks to a dense and close interaction with the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME). Fibroblasts, leukocytes, blood and lymphatic endothelial cells and extracellular matrix are the constituents of this entity, and they synergistically play a pivotal role in all of the stages of breast cancer development, from its onset to its metastatic spread. Moreover, it has been widely demonstrated that variations to the TME can correspond to prognosis variations. Breast cancer not only modulates the transformation of the environment within the mammary gland, but the same process is observed in metastases as well. In this minireview, we describe the features of TME within the primitive breast cancer, throughout its evolution and spread into the main metastatic sites.
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