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Insulin Release from NPH Insulin-Loaded Pluronic® F127 Hydrogel in the Presence of Simulated Tissue Enzyme Activity. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8101320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the widespread use of newer basal insulins, Natural Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin still represents a well-established basal formulation with its long history of use, featuring the native form of human insulin. However, NPH insulin exhibits an undesirable peak within hours after a single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection, which may lead to hypoglycemia followed by insufficient basal insulin delivery. This may be attributed to the s.c. enzyme activities degrading the protamine in NPH microcrystals. Methods: A thermogelling block copolymer Pluronic® F127 (PF127) was utilized as a protective carrier for NPH microcrystals and as a modulator for insulin release from NPH. NPH insulin-loaded PF127 gel was prepared with varying concentrations of the polymer (15–25%) under mild conditions. The formulations were characterized for their gelling temperature, morphology, gel erosion, and in vitro insulin release, with trypsin concentrations up to 5 U/mL. Results: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the integrity of NPH microcrystals was maintained after preparation. The burst release of insulin from NPH was significantly attenuated over the course of ~16h in the presence of PF127 with or without enzyme activity. Conclusion: NPH-PF127 successfully resisted the acceleration of NPH crystal dissolution and insulin release in vitro in the presence of protamine-degrading enzyme activity, warranting further testing.
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Candido R, Wyne K, Romoli E. A Review of Basal-Bolus Therapy Using Insulin Glargine and Insulin Lispro in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Ther 2018; 9:927-949. [PMID: 29654514 PMCID: PMC5984925 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-018-0422-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Basal-bolus therapy (BBT) refers to the combination of a long-acting basal insulin with a rapid-acting insulin at mealtimes. Basal insulin glargine 100 U/mL and prandial insulin lispro have been available for many years and there is a substantial evidence base to support the efficacy and safety of these agents when they are used in BBT or basal-plus therapy for patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM, T2DM). With the growing availability of alternative insulins for use in such regimens, it seems timely to review the data regarding BBT with insulin glargine 100 U/mL and insulin lispro. In patients with T1DM, BBT with insulin glargine plus insulin lispro provides similar or better glycemic control and leads to less nocturnal hypoglycemia compared to BBT using human insulin as the basal and/or prandial component, and generally provides similar glycemic control and rates of severe hypoglycemia to those achieved with insulin lispro administered by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Studies evaluating BBT with insulin glargine plus insulin lispro in patients with T2DM also demonstrate the efficacy and safety of these insulins. Available data suggest that BBT with insulin glargine and insulin lispro provides similar levels of efficacy and safety in pediatric and adult populations with T1DM and in adult patients and those aged more than 65 years with T2DM. These insulin preparations also appear to be safe and effective for controlling T2DM in people of different ethnicities and in patients with T1DM or T2DM and comorbidities. FUNDING Eli Lilly and Company.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Candido
- Diabetes Centre District 3, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, Via Puccini 48/50, 34100, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Kathleen Wyne
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ester Romoli
- Eli Lilly Italia SPA, via A. Gramsci 731/733, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Mulla CM, Lieb DC, McFarland R, Aloi JA. Tides of change: improving glucometrics in a large multihospital health care system. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2015; 9:602-8. [PMID: 25519292 PMCID: PMC4604527 DOI: 10.1177/1932296814563953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explores the relationship between education for inpatient diabetes providers and the utilization of insulin order sets, inpatient glucometrics, and length of stay in a large health care system. METHODS The study included patients with and without the diagnosis of diabetes. An education campaign included provider-directed diabetes education administered via online learning modules and in-person presentations by trained individuals. Relationships among provider-attended diabetes education, order set usage, and inpatient glucometrics (hypo- and hyperglycemia) were analyzed, as well as length of stay. RESULTS Insulin use knowledge scores for all providers averaged 52%, and improved significantly to 93% (P < .001) by the end of the education intervention period. Likewise utilization of electronic basal-bolus order sets increased from a baseline of 20% for patients receiving insulin to 86% within 6 weeks (P < .01) of introduction of order sets. During the study, the incidence of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia declined from 1.47% to 1.27% and from 23.21% to 17.80%, respectively. However, these improvements were not sustained beyond the completion of the education campaign. CONCLUSIONS Education of diabetes health care providers was provided in a large, multihospital system through the use of online learning modules. Adoption of standardized insulin order sets was associated with an improvement in glucometrics. This educational and quality initiative resulted in overall improvements in insulin knowledge, adherence to recommended order sets, inpatient glucometrics, and patient length of stay. These improvements were not sustained, reinforcing the need for repeated educational interventions for those involved in providing inpatient diabetes care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David C Lieb
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Department of Medicine, Strelitz Diabetes Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | | | - Joseph A Aloi
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Department of Medicine, Strelitz Diabetes Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Cammarota S, Falconio LM, Bruzzese D, Catapano AL, Casula M, Citarella A, De Luca L, Flacco ME, Manzoli L, Masulli M, Menditto E, Mezzetti A, Riegler S, Novellino E, Riccardi G. Lower rate of cardiovascular complications in patients on bolus insulin analogues: a retrospective population-based cohort study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79762. [PMID: 24244557 PMCID: PMC3820645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies are available evaluating the impact of rapid-acting insulin analogues on long-term diabetes outcomes. Our aim was to compare the use of rapid-acting insulin analogues versus human regular insulin in relation to the occurrence of diabetic complications in a cohort of diabetic patients through the analysis of administrative databases. METHODS A population-based cohort study was conducted using administrative data from four local health authorities in the Abruzzo Region (900,000 inhabitants). Diabetic patients free of macrovascular disease at baseline and treated either with human regular insulin or rapid-acting insulin analogues were followed for a maximum of 3 years. The incidence of diabetic complications was ascertained by hospital discharge claims. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of any diabetic complication and macrovascular, microvascular and metabolic complications were estimated separately using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for patients' characteristics and anti-diabetic drug use. Propensity score matching was also used to adjust for significant difference in the baseline characteristics between the two treatment groups. RESULTS A total of 2,286 patients were included: 914 receiving human regular insulin and 1,372 rapid-acting insulin analogues. During the follow-up, 286 (31.3%) incident events occurred in the human regular insulin group and 235 (17.1%) in the rapid-acting insulin analogue group. After propensity score-based matched-pair analyses, rapid-acting insulin analogues users had a HR of 0.73 (0.58-0.92) for any diabetes-related complication and HRs of 0.73 (0.55-0.93) and 0.55 (0.32-0.96) for macrovascular and metabolic complications respectively, as compared with human regular insulin users. No difference between the two groups was found for microvascular complications. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the use of rapid-acting insulin analogues is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular and metabolic complications compared with human regular insulin use.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy
- Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology
- Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism
- Cardiovascular Diseases/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Insulin, Regular, Human/therapeutic use
- Insulin, Short-Acting/therapeutic use
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Retrospective Studies
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Cammarota
- Center of Pharmacoeconomics and Drug Utilization (CIRFF), “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Marcello Falconio
- Center of Pharmacoeconomics and Drug Utilization (CIRFF), “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Bruzzese
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberico Luigi Catapano
- Epidemiology and Preventive Pharmacology Centre (SEFAP), Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Multimedica IRCCS, S.S. Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Casula
- Epidemiology and Preventive Pharmacology Centre (SEFAP), Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Citarella
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luigi De Luca
- Center of Pharmacoeconomics and Drug Utilization (CIRFF), “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Flacco
- Section of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Pharmacology and Legal Medicine, "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lamberto Manzoli
- Section of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Pharmacology and Legal Medicine, "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Masulli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Enrica Menditto
- Center of Pharmacoeconomics and Drug Utilization (CIRFF), “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Mezzetti
- Clinical Research Centre, “G. D'Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Salvatore Riegler
- Center of Pharmacoeconomics and Drug Utilization (CIRFF), “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Center of Pharmacoeconomics and Drug Utilization (CIRFF), “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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