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Singh S, Gehlot S, Agrawal NK, Singh G, Singh D, Kaur P, Singh SK, Singh R. Molecular study of the KCNJ11 gene and its correlation with Prakriti to preventing and managing type 2 diabetes. J Tradit Complement Med 2024; 14:494-500. [PMID: 39262659 PMCID: PMC11384949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In Ayurveda, every individual is believed to possess a unique entity known as Prakriti, which distinguishes them from others physically, physiologically, and psychologically. This entity also determines an individual's response to a particular stimulus, and it is believed that such responses are not solely determined by genetics. The present research aims to validate the Ayurvedic concept of Prakriti from a modern molecular perspective to strengthen the personalized and precise treatment approach. A study was conducted to investigate the role of the KCNJ11gene in the susceptibility of individuals to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with their metabolic status. The research involved allele mining on three major Prakriti groups - Vata, Pitta, and Kapha - in 112 patients with T2DM and 112 healthy individuals. The KCNJ11 gene, responsible for insulin secretion membrane pore formation, was analyzed to determine the susceptibility of different Prakriti types to T2DM. The MutPred tool predicted the molecular cause of disease-related amino acid substitution. According to the study, only Pitta and Kapha Prakriti were diagnosed with diabetes, while all three Prakriti types were present in the control group of healthy individuals. A protein model was prepared, and the changes resulting from mutations were observed for each group in their protein sequence, both as synonymous and non-synonymous mutations. Ultimately, these changes contributed to the manifestation of T2DM. Based on the findings, it appears that Prakriti groups may experience changes in protein function due to nonsynonymous mutations and differences in amino acids at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriti Singh
- Banaras Hindu University, Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Ayurveda, Department of Kriya Sharir, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sangeeta Gehlot
- Banaras Hindu University, Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Ayurveda, Department of Kriya Sharir, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar Agrawal
- Banaras Hindu University, Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Girish Singh
- Banaras Hindu University, Institute of Medical Sciences, Centre of Biostatistics, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Devshree Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, The Energy and Resource Institute, New Delhi, 110070, India
| | - Prabhjot Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30310
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30310
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30310
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Sarangi M, Padhi S, Rath G. Non-Invasive Delivery of Insulin for Breaching Hindrances against Diabetes. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2024; 41:1-64. [PMID: 38608132 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2023048197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Insulin is recognized as a crucial weapon in managing diabetes. Subcutaneous (s.c.) injections are the traditional approach for insulin administration, which usually have many limitations. Numerous alternative (non-invasive) slants through different routes have been explored by the researchers for making needle-free delivery of insulin for attaining its augmented absorption as well as bioavailability. The current review delineating numerous pros and cons of several novel approaches of non-invasive insulin delivery by overcoming many of their hurdles. Primary information on the topic was gathered by searching scholarly articles from PubMed added with extraction of data from auxiliary manuscripts. Many approaches (discussed in the article) are meant for the delivery of a safe, effective, stable, and patient friendly administration of insulin via buccal, oral, inhalational, transdermal, intranasal, ocular, vaginal and rectal routes. Few of them have proven their clinical efficacy for maintaining the glycemic levels, whereas others are under the investigational pipe line. The developed products are comprising of many advanced micro/nano composite technologies and few of them might be entering into the market in near future, thereby garnishing the hopes of millions of diabetics who are under the network of s.c. insulin injections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sasmita Padhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Malhaur Railway Station Road, Gomti Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, Pin-201313, India
| | - Goutam Rath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar-751030, Odisha, India
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Yadav R, Kailashiya V, Sharma HB, Pandey R, Bhagat P. Persistent Hyperglycemia Worsens the Oleic Acid Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rat Model of Type II Diabetes Mellitus. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2023; 15:197-204. [PMID: 38235050 PMCID: PMC10790744 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_391_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim This research aimed to study the impacts of persistent hyperglycemia on oleic acid (OA)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in a rat model of type II diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods Healthy adult male albino rats that weigh 150 to 180 g were divided into four groups (n = 6). Group I-saline (75 μL i.v.) was injected and served as a control; group II-OA (75 μL i.v.) was injected to induce ALI. Group III-pretreated with a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (35 mg/kg), was injected with saline, and served as a control for group IV. Group IV was pretreated with a high-fat diet, and streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) was injected with OA (75 μL i.v). Urethane was used to anesthetize the animal. The jugular venous cannulation was done for drug/saline administration, carotid artery cannulation was done to record blood pressure, and the tracheal cannulation was done to maintain the respiratory tract's patent. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and respiratory frequency were recorded on a computerized chart recorder; an arterial blood sample was collected to measure PaO2/FiO2. Additionally, the pulmonary water content and lung histology were examined. Result Hyperglycemic rats showed no significant change in the cardio-respiratory parameter. Histology of the lungs shows fibroblastic proliferation; however, rats survived throughout the observation period. There was an early deterioration of all the cardio-respiratory parameters in hyperglycemic rats when induced ALI (OA- induced), and survival time was significantly less compared to nonhyperglycemic rats. Conclusion Persistent hyperglycemia may cause morphological changes in the lungs, which worsens the outcome of acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinkoo Yadav
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikas Kailashiya
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hanjabam B. Sharma
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ratna Pandey
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Bhagat
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Yan S, Lu W, Zhou J, Guo X, Li J, Cheng H, Zhu X, Zhao Y, Duan M, Yang H, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Chen L, Zheng T. Aqueous extract of Scrophularia ningpoensis improves insulin sensitivity through AMPK-mediated inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154308. [PMID: 35792447 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. is a commonly used medicinal plant in China for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM), but its mechanism of action remains poorly described. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for > 90% of all DM cases and is characterized by insulin resistance. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate whether the insulin sensitivity can be improved by treatment with aqueous extract of S. ningpoensis (AESN) and further explore its mechanism(s) of activity. METHODS Primary mouse hepatocytes and human HepG2 hepatocytes were used to investigate the effects of AESN on cell viability, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and glucose output under normal culture conditions. To mimic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in vitro, hepatocytes were exposed to high glucose (HG), and the influences of AESN on AMPK phosphorylation, NLRP3 inflammation activation, insulin signaling, lipid accumulation and glucose output were investigated. Increasing doses of AESN (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day) were administered by gavage to db/db mice for 8 weeks, and then biochemical analysis and histopathological examinations were performed. RESULTS AESN significantly activated AMPK and inhibited glucose output in hepatocytes, but did not impact cell viability under normal culture conditions. Moreover, in HG-treated hepatocytes, AESN protected against aberrant AMPK activity, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, insulin signaling, and lipid accumulation. AMPK inhibition abolished the regulatory effects of AESN on the NLRP3 inflammasome, insulin signaling, lipid accumulation, and glucose output of hepatocytes following HG exposure. Furthermore, AESN administration reduced blood glucose and serum insulin levels, improved lipid profiles and insulin resistance, and corrected the aberrant AMPK activity and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in liver tissues. CONCLUSION AESN improves insulin sensitivity via AMPK-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Yan
- Institute of Wudang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute of Wudang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xu Guo
- Institute of Wudang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Juyi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongbo Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Wudang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingzhu Duan
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongxu Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Qibin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Wudang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China,.
| | - Tao Zheng
- Institute of Wudang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China; College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China,.
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Cui Y, Zhai YL, Qi YY, Liu XR, Zhao YF, Lv F, Han LP, Zhao ZZ. The comprehensive analysis of clinical trials registration for IgA nephropathy therapy on ClinicalTrials.gov. Ren Fail 2022; 44:461-472. [PMID: 35272573 PMCID: PMC8920363 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2048017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) is common chronic kidney disease with a high incidence. This study aims to analyze comprehensively therapeutic clinical trials for IgAN registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Methods Therapeutic trials for IgAN registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. up to 15 August 2021 were obtained. The general characteristics, features of experimental design, treatment strategies, and some main inclusion criteria and outcome measures were accessed. Results A total of 104 therapeutic clinical trials for IgAN were extracted on ClinicalTrials.gov up to 15 August 2021. Most of these trials explored the treatment for primary IgAN confirmed by renal biopsy in adults. Only 9% of all selected trials had results. Forty-five percent of trials recruited 50 or fewer participants, and 73% were adults or older adults. 99% of trials were interventional studies, and of all the interventional trials, 70% of trials were randomized, and 68% exercised a parallel assignment of intervention model. Immunosuppression was the most studied for the treatment of IgAN. Moreover, many novel agents had been increasingly studied in recent years. Furthermore, the inclusion criteria and primary outcome measures in these trials were diverse, and the level of proteinuria and change of proteinuria levels were the most used as inclusion criteria and primary outcome, respectively. Conclusions The majority of therapeutic trials for IgAN were randomized, none masking and parallel-assignment interventional studies, primarily recruiting adult patients as research subjects. These trials had relatively small sample sizes and short observation. Thus, more large-scale, multicenter, and randomized controlled trials are still needed to improve the management for IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cui
- Nephrology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Ya-Ling Zhai
- Nephrology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Qi
- Nephrology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Xin-Ran Liu
- Nephrology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Ya-Fei Zhao
- Nephrology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Fu Lv
- Nephrology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Li-Pei Han
- Nephrology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Zhan-Zheng Zhao
- Nephrology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
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Clinical Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) via Anthropometric and Biochemical Variations in Prakriti. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10010015. [PMID: 35323182 PMCID: PMC8947277 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a complicated multifactorial illness involving hereditary and external environmental variables. The symptoms typically appear gradually over a number of years without realizing it. This viewpoint is further supported by the Ayurvedic constitution concept (Prakriti). Prakriti explains the biological variability that is observed in different individuals. This study was conducted a retrospective investigation to examine if there was a link between type 2 diabetes and an individual’s constitution based on anthropometric and biochemical characteristics. Physical and mental characteristics and anthropometric and biochemical markers were used to determine reported cases’ prevailing Dosha Prakriti (constitution). Based on biochemical and anthropometric data, significant differences in Prakriti were found between the case (T2DM patients) and control (person without diabetes) groups. The incidence of numerous secondary problems linked with T2DM patients was also evaluated according to their Prakriti types, which revealed a positive relationship. The three primary contributing parameters, such as waist-hip ratio, postprandial blood sugar, and serum creatinine, were correctly classified all person with or without diabetes subjects to 90.6% of the time, whereas the constitution-wise study classified person with diabetes and without diabetes individuals of Pitta and Kapha Prakriti to 94.3% and 90%, respectively. A discriminant function was created to predict a person with diabetes and without diabetes based on these three contributing factors. The primary contributing biochemical parameters discovered by Prakriti in the current study could be used as a biochemical disease diagnostic for predicting type 2 diabetes susceptibility.
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