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Sun Q, Wu J, Zhu G, Li T, Zhu X, Ni B, Xu B, Ma X, Li J. Lactate-related metabolic reprogramming and immune regulation in colorectal cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1089918. [PMID: 36778600 PMCID: PMC9909490 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1089918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in cellular metabolism involving fuel sources are well-known mechanisms of cancer cell differentiation in the context of carcinogenesis. Metabolic reprogramming is regulated by oncogenic signaling and transcriptional networks and has been identified as an essential component of malignant transformation. Hypoxic and acidified tumor microenvironment contributes mainly to the production of glycolytic products known as lactate. Mounting evidence suggests that lactate in the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer(CRC) contributes to cancer therapeutic resistance and metastasis. The contents related to the regulatory effects of lactate on metabolism, immune response, and intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment of CRC are also constantly updated. Here we summarize the latest studies about the pleiotropic effects of lactate in CRC and the clinical value of targeting lactate metabolism as treatment. Different effects of lactate on various immune cell types, microenvironment characteristics, and pathophysiological processes have also emerged. Potential specific therapeutic targeting of CRC lactate metabolism is also discussed. With increased knowledge, effective druggable targets might be identified, with the aim of improving treatment outcomes by reducing chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Sun
- Oncology Department, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Wu
- Oncology Department, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghui Zhu
- Oncology Department, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Oncology Department, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baoyi Ni
- Oncology Department, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Xu
- Oncology Department, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Ma
- Oncology Department, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Oncology Department, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Li,
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Narayanankutty A. PI3K/ Akt/ mTOR Pathway as a Therapeutic Target for Colorectal Cancer: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 20:1217-1226. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190618123846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3Ks) is a member of intracellular lipid kinases
and involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation and survival. Overexpression of
the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling has been reported in various forms of cancers, especially in colorectal
cancers (CRC). Due to their significant roles in the initiation and progression events of colorectal cancer,
they are recognized as a striking therapeutic target.
Objective:
The present review is aimed to provide a detailed outline on the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR
pathway in the initiation and progression events of colorectal cancers as well as its function in drug
resistance. Further, the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors alone and in combination with other chemotherapeutic
drugs, in alleviating colorectal cancer is also discussed. The review contains preclinical
and clinical evidence as well as patent literature of the pathway inhibitors which are natural
and synthetic in origin.
Methods:
The data were obtained from PubMed/Medline databases, Scopus and Google patent literature.
Results:
PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling is an important event in colorectal carcinogenesis. In addition, it
plays significant roles in acquiring drug resistance as well as metastatic initiation events of CRCs.
Several small molecules of natural and synthetic origin have been found to be potent inhibitors of
CRCs by effectively downregulating the pathway. Data from various clinical studies also support
these pathway inhibitors and several among them are patented.
Conclusion:
Inhibitors of the PI3K/mTOR pathway have been successful for the treatment of primary
and metastatic colorectal cancers, rendering the pathway as a promising clinical cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoologyid1, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut, Kerala, 673008, India
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