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Li Y, Zhu F, Manna AC, Chen L, Jiang J, Hong JI, Proctor RA, Bayer AS, Cheung AL, Xiong YQ. Gp05, a Prophage-Encoded Virulence Factor, Contributes to Persistent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Endovascular Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0060023. [PMID: 37358448 PMCID: PMC10434118 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00600-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) endovascular infections represent a serious public health threat. We recently demonstrated that the presence of a novel prophage ϕSA169 was associated with vancomycin (VAN) treatment failure in experimental MRSA endocarditis. In this study, we assessed the role of a ϕSA169 gene, ϕ80α_gp05 (gp05), in VAN-persistent outcome using gp05 isogenic MRSA strain sets. Of note, Gp05 significantly influences the intersection of MRSA virulence factors, host immune responses, and antibiotic treatment efficacy, including the following: (i) activity of the significant energy-yielding metabolic pathway (e.g., tricarboxylic acid cycle); (ii) carotenoid pigment production; (iii) (p)ppGpp (guanosine tetra- and pentaphosphate) production, which activates the stringent response and subsequent downstream functional factors (e.g., phenol-soluble modulins and polymorphonuclear neutrophil bactericidal activity); and (iv) persistence to VAN treatment in an experimental infective endocarditis model. These data suggest that Gp05 is a significant virulence factor which contributes to the persistent outcomes in MRSA endovascular infection by multiple pathways. IMPORTANCE Persistent endovascular infections are often caused by MRSA strains that are susceptible to anti-MRSA antibiotics in vitro by CLSI breakpoints. Thus, the persistent outcome represents a unique variant of traditional antibiotic resistance mechanisms and a significant therapeutic challenge. Prophage, a critical mobile genetic element carried by most MRSA isolates, provides their bacterial host with metabolic advantages and resistance mechanisms. However, how prophage-encoded virulence factors interact with the host defense system and antibiotics, driving the persistent outcome, is not well known. In the current study, we demonstrated that a novel prophage gene, gp05, significantly impacts tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, stringent response, and pigmentation, as well as vancomycin treatment outcome in an experimental endocarditis model using isogenic gp05 overexpression and chromosomal deletion mutant MRSA strain sets. The findings significantly advance our understanding of the role of Gp05 in persistent MRSA endovascular infection and provide a potential target for development of novel drugs against these life-threatening infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Fengli Zhu
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Adhar C. Manna
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jason Jiang
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Jong-In Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Richard A. Proctor
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Arnold S. Bayer
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ambrose L. Cheung
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Yan Q. Xiong
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Zheng H, Ji Z, Roy KR, Gao M, Pan Y, Cai X, Wang L, Li W, Chang CH, Kaweeteerawat C, Chen C, Xia T, Zhao Y, Li R. Engineered Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Capable of Preventing the Evolution of Antimicrobial Resistance. ACS NANO 2019; 13:11488-11499. [PMID: 31566947 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is spreading worldwide and keeps evolving to adapt to antibiotics, causing increasing threats in clinics, which necessitates the exploration of antimicrobial agents for not only killing of resistant cells but also prevention of AMR progression. However, so far, there has been no effective approach. Herein, we designed lanthanum hydroxide and graphene oxide nanocomposites (La@GO) to confer a synergistic bactericidal effect in all tested resistant strains. More importantly, long-term exposure of E. coli (AMR) to subminimum inhibitory concentrations of La@GO does not trigger detectable secondary resistance, while conventional antibiotics and silver nanoparticles lead to a 16- to 64-fold increase in tolerance. The inability of E. coli to evolve resistance to La@GO is likely due to a distinctive extracellular multitarget invasion killing mechanism involving lipid dephosphorylation, lipid peroxidation, and peptidoglycan disruption. Overall, our results highlight La@GO nanocomposites as a promising solution to combating resistant bacteria without inducing the evolution of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Zhaoxia Ji
- Division of Nanomedicine, Department of Medicine, California NanoSystems Institute , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Living Proof, Inc. , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States
| | - Kevin R Roy
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine , Stanford University , Palo Alto , California 94304 , United States
| | - Meng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Yanxia Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Xiaoming Cai
- School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases , Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Liming Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing , 100049 , China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- Division of Nanomedicine, Department of Medicine, California NanoSystems Institute , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Chitrada Kaweeteerawat
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), NSTDA Characterization and Testing Center (NCTC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) , Klong Nueng , 12120 , Thailand
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing , 100190 , China
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of Nanomedicine, Department of Medicine, California NanoSystems Institute , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing , 100190 , China
| | - Ruibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions , Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , Jiangsu , China
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