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Sanabria-Ríos DJ, García-Del-Valle R, Bosh-Fonseca S, González-Pagán J, Díaz-Rosa A, Acevedo-Rosario K, Reyes-Vicente L, Colom A, Carballeira NM. Synthesis of the Novel N-(2-Hexadecynoyl)-l-Homoserine Lactone and Evaluation of Its Antiquorum Sensing Activity in Chromobacterium violaceum. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:32536-32546. [PMID: 39100292 PMCID: PMC11292648 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Chromobacterium violaceum is commonly found in soil and freshwater within tropical and subtropical regions. Although not a common occurrence, this bacterium has the potential to cause severe diseases in humans and animals, such as liver and lung abscesses and septicemia. Herein we report the synthesis of novel N-acyl homoserine lactones (HSLs) to evaluate their effectiveness as antiquorum sensing (anti-QS) agents in C. violaceum. The HSLs were prepared through three synthetic approaches, where hexanoic acid, decanoic acid, 6-decynoic acid, or 2-hexadecynoic acid (2-HDA) was treated with commercially available l-homoserine lactone (HSL) hydrobromide in either dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran in the presence of EDC and DMAP. The effectiveness of HSLs as anti-QS agents was assessed through susceptibility tests and violacein quantification. The most effective anti-QS inhibitor among all N-acyl-HSLs tested was the N-(2-hexadecynoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (HSL 4). Further experimental approaches, such as quantification of acyl-homoserine lactones and biofilm inhibitory tests, were carried out to determine the effect of HSL 4 on these QS-dependent mechanisms. These experiments showed that HSL 4 was highly effective at inhibiting the production of HSLs and biofilm in C. violaceum at 0.25, 0.50, and 1 mg/mL. In addition, the cytotoxicity activity was evaluated against Vero cells to determine the selectivity of HSL 4 as a nontraditional antibacterial agent. HSL 4 was not toxic against Vero cells at concentrations ranging from 0.0039 to 1 mg/mL. Molecular docking experiments were conducted to study the interactions between novel HSLs and CviR (PDB ID 3QP5), a receptor that plays a significant role in C. violaceum QS. In silico studies indicate that HSL 4 exhibits better interactions with Leu 72 and Gln 95 of the CviR binding pocket when compared to the other analogs. These results validate previous in vitro studies, such as susceptibility tests and violacein production assays. The findings above indicate that novel acetylenic HSLs may potentially be agents that combat bacterial communication and biofilm formation. However, further investigation is necessary to expand the spectrum of bacterial strains capable of resisting antibiotics through QS and evaluate the compounds' cytotoxicity in other cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Sanabria-Ríos
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Inter American
University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, P.O. Box 191293, San
Juan, Puerto Rico 00919, United States
- Medicinal
Research and Applications Laboratory, Inter
American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, P.O. Box
191293, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00919, United States
| | - Rene García-Del-Valle
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, 17 Ave
Universidad STE 1701, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925, United States
| | - Sachel Bosh-Fonseca
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Inter American
University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, P.O. Box 191293, San
Juan, Puerto Rico 00919, United States
| | - Joangely González-Pagán
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Inter American
University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, P.O. Box 191293, San
Juan, Puerto Rico 00919, United States
| | - Alanis Díaz-Rosa
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Inter American
University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, P.O. Box 191293, San
Juan, Puerto Rico 00919, United States
| | - Karina Acevedo-Rosario
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Inter American
University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, P.O. Box 191293, San
Juan, Puerto Rico 00919, United States
| | - Luzmarie Reyes-Vicente
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Inter American
University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, P.O. Box 191293, San
Juan, Puerto Rico 00919, United States
- Medicinal
Research and Applications Laboratory, Inter
American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, P.O. Box
191293, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00919, United States
| | - Antonio Colom
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Inter American
University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, P.O. Box 191293, San
Juan, Puerto Rico 00919, United States
| | - Néstor M. Carballeira
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, 17 Ave
Universidad STE 1701, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925, United States
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Hussain S, Siddique A, Hassan M, Rasool K, Shahzad A, Asad Naqvi SA, Ul Mustafa MR. Characteristics and health implications of fine particulate matter near urban road site in Islamabad, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118862. [PMID: 38574984 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The escalating issue of air pollution has become a significant concern in urban regions, including Islamabad, Pakistan, due to the rise in air pollutant emissions driven by economic and industrial expansion. To gain a deeper understanding of air pollution, a study was conducted during winter 2022-2023, assessing physical, chemical, and biological factors in Islamabad. The findings revealed that the average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was notably greater than the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, reaching 133.39 μg/m³. Additionally, the average concentration of bacteria (308.64 CFU/m³) was notably greater than that of fungi (203.55 CFU/m³) throughout the study. Analytical analyses, including SEM-EDS and FTIR, showed that the PM2.5 in Islamabad is composed of various particles such as soot aggregates, coal fly ash, minerals, bio-particles, and some unidentified particles. EF analysis distinguished PM2.5 sources, enhancing understanding of pollutants origin, whereas Spearman's correlation analysis elucidated constituent interactions, further explaining air quality impact. The results from the Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) indicated a gradual increase in the total elemental composition of PM2.5 from autumn to winter, maintaining high levels throughout the winter season. Furthermore, a significant variation was found in the mass concentration of PM2.5 when comparing samples collected in the morning and evening. The study also identified the presence of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in PM2.5 samples, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phenolic compounds, with notable variations in their concentrations. Utilizing health risk assessment models developed by the US EPA, we estimated the potential health risks associated with PM2.5 exposure, highlighting the urgency of addressing air quality issues. These findings provide valuable insights into the sources and composition of PM2.5 in Islamabad, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of air quality and its potential environmental and health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabir Hussain
- Department of Space Sciences, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Siddique
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mujtaba Hassan
- Department of Space Sciences, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Kashif Rasool
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Asif Shahzad
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Syed Ali Asad Naqvi
- Department of Geography, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Raza Ul Mustafa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
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Mahendrarajan V, Lazarus H, Easwaran N. Quorum quenching mediated biofilm impediment in Chromobacterium violaceum and Staphylococcus aureus by leaf extracts of Delonix elata. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31898. [PMID: 38882294 PMCID: PMC11177153 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms that cause systemic infections, resistance development and delay in healing wounds. Biofilms can form in various parts of the human body, such as the teeth, lungs, urinary tract, and wounds. Biofilm complicates the effects of antibiotics in treating infections. In search of a cure, a plant-based phyto component was selected for this investigation as an anti-quorum-mediated biofilm restricting agent in Gram-negative Chromobacterium violaceum and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. The bioactive components in Delonix elata (DE) ethyl acetate extract were identified using Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The extract was examined for toxicity using 3T3 cell lines and brine shrimp and ascertained to be non-toxic. Violacein was inhibited up to 68.81 % in C. violaceum at 0.6 mg/ml concentration. Hemolysin synthesis impediments in C. violaceum and S. aureus were 80 % and 51.35 %, respectively, at 0.6 mg/ml of DE extract. At 0.6 mg/ml, EPS was abated by up to 49 % in C. violaceum and 35.26 % in S. aureus. DE extract prevented biofilm formation in C. violaceum and S. aureus up to 76.45 % and 58.15 %, respectively, while associated eDNA was suppressed up to 67.50 % and 53.47 % at the respective sub-MIC concentrations. Expression of genes such as cviI, cviR, vioA, vioB, and vioE were dramatically reduced in C. violaceum, while genes such as agrA, sarA, fnbA, and fnbB were significantly reduced in S. aureus. Docking demonstrates that two or more DE molecules bind efficiently to the QS receptors of C. violaceum and S. aureus. Thus, DE extract can be investigated for therapeutic purposes against pathogenic microorganisms by rendering them less virulent through quorum quenching mediated action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatramanan Mahendrarajan
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tiruvalam Road, Katpadi, India
| | - Huldah Lazarus
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tiruvalam Road, Katpadi, India
| | - Nalini Easwaran
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tiruvalam Road, Katpadi, India
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Revanasiddappa PD, H. G. G, K. P. C, Natarajamurthy S, K. N, Pradeep S, Shivamallu C, Elossaily GM, Achar RR, Silina E, Stupin V, Manturova N, A. Shati A, Y. Alfaifi M, I. Elbehairi SE, Kestur Nagaraj A, Mahadevamurthy M, Kollur SP. Computational exploration of Picrasma quassioides compounds as CviR-mediated quorum sensing inhibitors against Chromobacterium violaceum. Front Chem 2024; 12:1286675. [PMID: 38867763 PMCID: PMC11167448 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1286675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromobacterium violaceum an opportunistic human pathogenic bacterium, exhibits resistance to conventional antibiotics by exploiting its quorum sensing mechanism to regulate virulence factor expression. In light of this, disrupting the quorum sensing mechanism presents a promising avenue for treating infections caused by this pathogen. The study focused on using the cytoplasmic quorum sensing receptor CviR from C. violaceum as a model target to identify novel quorum sensing inhibitors from P. quassioides through in silico computational approaches. Molecular docking analyses unveiled that several phytochemicals derived from Picrasma quassioides exhibit the potential to inhibit quorum sensing by binding to CviR protein. Notably, the compounds such as Quassidine I (- 8.8 kcal/mol), Quassidine J (- 8.8 kcal/mol), Kumudine B (- 9.1 kcal/mol) and Picrasamide A (- 8.9 kcal/mol) exhibited high docking scores, indicating strong binding affinity to the CviR protein. The native ligand C6-HSL (N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone) as a positive control/co-crystal inhibitor also demonstrated a significant binding energy of-7.7 kcal/mol. The molecular dynamics simulation for 200 ns showed the thermodynamic stability and binding affinity refinement of the top-ranked CviR inhibitor (Kumudine B) with its stable binding and minor fluctuations compared to positive control (C6-HSL). Pharmacokinetic predictions indicated that Kumudine B possesses favourable drug-like properties, which suggest its potential as a drug candidate. The study highlight Kumudine B as a potential agent for inhibiting the CviR protein in C. violaceum. The comprehensive evaluation of Kumudine B provides valuable insights into its pharmacological profiles, facilitating its assessment for diverse therapeutic applications and guiding future research activities, particularly as antibacterial agents for clinical drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gowtham H. G.
- Department of Studies and Research in Food Science and Nutrition, Karnataka State Open University, Mysuru, India
| | - Chandana K. P.
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur, India
| | | | - Nataraj K.
- Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | - Sushma Pradeep
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Chandan Shivamallu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Gehan M. Elossaily
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghu Ram Achar
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Ekaterina Silina
- Department of Pathophysiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Stupin
- Department of Hospital Surgery, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Manturova
- Department of Hospital Surgery, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ali A. Shati
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y. Alfaifi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Nam BV, Hà BT, Thúy ĐT, van Doorn HR, Huy BV. Clinical presentation and treatment of 2 patients with infection caused by Chromobacterium violaceum in Vietnam. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:508. [PMID: 38773469 PMCID: PMC11106850 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromobacterium violaceum is a rare but severe and often fatal cause of disease in humans. We present 2 clinical cases of sepsis and skin abscesses / cellulitis caused by C. violaceum seen in a referral hospital for infectious diseases in Vietnam. Both patients survived, but appropriate antibiotic treatment was only installed after culture of the organism. We reviewed and summarised the characteristics of C. violaceum infection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bùi Văn Nam
- National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bùi Thanh Hà
- Hanoi University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Đặng Thị Thúy
- National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Bùi Vũ Huy
- Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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6
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Attonito J, Tomasello G, Barrett B, Wauters R, Adams A, Gilbert L. Chromobacterium violaceum in a U.S. Marine: A Case Report. Mil Med 2024; 189:e928-e931. [PMID: 37855332 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usad382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromobacterium violaceum is associated with severe sepsis leading to cutaneous and visceral organ abscesses, with mortality rates up to 73%. Around 200 cases of C. violaceum infection have been reported globally. We report a case of a 27-year-old female U.S. Marine recruit who presented with fever, chills, myalgias, arthralgias, headache, and nodules on her extremities. Physical examination revealed multiple small skin abscesses on her extremities. Abdominal imaging with contrast revealed large liver abscesses requiring drainage. Both blood and wound cultures grew C. violaceum. The patient was successfully treated with meropenem and ciprofloxacin. At 3 months, symptoms had resolved, and labs and imaging were normal. Though rare, C. violaceum infection rates are increasing. Severe infection develops rapidly and invasive disease is not uncommon. Early detection and appropriate antibiotic treatment are key in preventing mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Attonito
- Family Medicine, Naval Medical Readiness and Training Command-Camp Lejeune, Camp Lejeune, NC 28547, USA
| | - Giacomo Tomasello
- Family Medicine, Naval Medical Readiness and Training Command-Camp Lejeune, Camp Lejeune, NC 28547, USA
| | - Brendan Barrett
- Emergency Department, Naval Medical Readiness and Training Command-Camp Lejeune, Camp Lejeune, NC 28547, USA
| | - Robert Wauters
- Allergy & Immunology, Naval Medical Readiness and Training Command-Camp Lejeune, Camp Lejeune, NC 28547, USA
| | - Ashley Adams
- Clinical Investigations, Naval Medical Readiness and Training Command-Camp Lejeune, Camp Lejeune, NC 28547, USA
| | - Laura Gilbert
- Infectious Disease, Naval Medical Readiness and Training Command-Camp Lejeune, Camp Lejeune, NC 28547, USA
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Backrud O, Engberg E, Nyberg K, Wieslander P, Moore ERB. Chromobacterium sp. septicemia in Sweden. A clinical case report. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2024; 23:34. [PMID: 38637789 PMCID: PMC11027382 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00692-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromobacterium is a genus of fourteen species with validly published names, most often found in soil and waters in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. The most well-known species of the genus, C. violaceum, occasionally causes clinically relevant infections; cases of soft tissue infections with septicemia and fatal outcomes have been described. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we present a clinical case report of a 79-year-old man from Sweden with a soft-tissue infection and septicemia. The pathogen was identified as a strain of Chromobacterium species, but not C. violaceum. The patient was treated with clindamycin and ciprofloxacin and recovered well. CONCLUSIONS This case report demonstrates the potential of Chromobacterium species as infectious agents in immunocompetent patients. It also indicates the existence of a novel species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Backrud
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden.
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Erik Engberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Kristina Nyberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Peter Wieslander
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sundsvall Hospital, Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Edward R B Moore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Culture Collection University of Gothenburg (CCUG), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Li K, Han D, Alhaskawi A, Liu T, Wang X, Yang W, Lu H, Fang X. Sepsis and Hepatapostema Secondary to Chromobacterium Violaceum Infection on Lower Limb Skin: A Case Report. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:1003-1010. [PMID: 38500637 PMCID: PMC10946401 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s445366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chromobacterium violaceum (C. violaceum) is a Gram-negative bacterium capable of causing severe infections in both humans and specific animals. Despite its infrequency, C. violaceum infections exhibit a notably high mortality rate. The timely and precise detection of this pathogen stands as a critical factor in achieving effective diagnosis and treatment. Traditional diagnostic approaches possess limitations, particularly in terms of their time-consuming nature and the range of pathogens they can identify. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) testing has emerged as a highly promising diagnostic tool for infectious diseases. Methods Within this case report, we present a patient who developed a C. violaceum infection subsequent to a lower limb infection, leading to the progression of sepsis, a liver abscess, septic shock, multi-organ dysfunction, and altered mental status. Samples of the patient's blood and tissue from the lower limb skin are collected, and the infection is swiftly diagnosed through mNGS, allowing for the immediate initiation of suitable treatment. Results The mNGS results revealed the patient's infection with C. violaceum. Subsequent conventional bacterial culture results were concordant with the mNGS findings. Following comprehensive management measures, including prompt and effective anti-infective treatment, the patient achieved cure and was successfully discharged. Conclusion This case underscores the significance of employing advanced diagnostic methodologies like mNGS for the early detection of uncommon pathogens such as C. violaceum. The expedited diagnosis and timely intervention hold the potential to substantially enhance patient outcomes in cases of severe infections instigated by this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University school of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ahmad Alhaskawi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wu Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueling Fang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Venkatramanan M, Nalini E. Regulation of virulence in Chromobacterium violaceum and strategies to combat it. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1303595. [PMID: 38328423 PMCID: PMC10847564 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1303595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromobacterium is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria with a cosmopolitan distribution. Just about 160 Chromobacterium violaceum incidents have been reported globally, but then once infected, it has the ability to cause deadly septicemia, and infections in the lungs, liver, brain, spleen, and lymphatic systems that might lead to death. C. violaceum produces and utilizes violacein to kill bacteria that compete with it in an ecological niche. Violacein is a hydrophobic bisindole that is delivered through an efficient transport route termed outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) through the aqueous environment. OMVs are small, spherical segments detached from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. C. violaceum OMV secretions are controlled by a mechanism called the quorum sensing system CviI/CviR, which enables cell-to-cell communication between them and regulation of various virulence factors such as biofilm formation, and violacein biosynthesis. Another virulence factor bacterial type 3 secretion system (T3SS) is divided into two types: Cpi-1 and Cpi-2. Cpi-1's needle and rod effector proteins are perhaps recognized by NAIP receptors in humans and mice, activating the NLRC4 inflammasome cascade, effectively clearing spleen infections via pyroptosis, and cytotoxicity mediated by IL-18-driven Natural killer (NK) cells in the liver. In this paper, we attempt to interrelate quorum-controlled biofilm formation, violacein production, violacein delivery by OMVs and T3SS effector protein production and host mediated immunological effects against the Cpi1 of T3SS. We suggest a research path with natural bioactive molecule like palmitic acid that can act as an anti-quorum agent by reducing the expression of virulence factors as well as an immunomodulatory agent that can augment innate immune defense by hyperactivation of NLRC4 inflammasome hence dramatically purge C. violaceum infections.
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10
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Yavuz L, Alhammadi M, Musa R, Hamdi M, Aldirawi M. A Rare Infection of Chromobacterium violaceum in an Immunocompetent Patient: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e51148. [PMID: 38283453 PMCID: PMC10811561 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromobacterium violaceum is a motile gram-negative bacillus. It lives in water and soil and rarely causes infection in immune-competent patients. It does not respond to the classical treatment and can cause a rapid and progressive illness. Hence, it should be considered in severe infection. Physicians are not generally aware of this organism as a possible cause of infection, and this increases the risk of mortality. Here, we described a case of a 17-year-old previously healthy girl who had severe necrotic cellulitis that progressed and spread rapidly over a few days despite the treatment with antibiotics. It started after a few days of swimming in a swimming pool. She was treated successfully with a broad spectrum of antibiotics and discharged home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemis Yavuz
- Department of Pediatrics, Al Jalila Children's Speciality Hospital, Dubai, ARE
| | - Moza Alhammadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Al Jalila Children's Speciality Hospital, Dubai, ARE
| | - Rehab Musa
- Department of Pediatrics, Al Jalila Children's Speciality Hospital, Dubai, ARE
| | - Moataz Hamdi
- Department of Pediatrics, Al Jalila Children's Speciality Hospital, Dubai, ARE
| | - Mohammed Aldirawi
- Department of Pediatrics, Al Jalila Children's Speciality Hospital, Dubai, ARE
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Sajjad B, Rasool K, Siddique A, Jabbar KA, El-Malaha SS, Sohail MU, Almomani F, Alfarra MR. Size-resolved ambient bioaerosols concentration, antibiotic resistance, and community composition during autumn and winter seasons in Qatar. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122401. [PMID: 37598930 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the size distribution, microbial composition, and antibiotic resistance (ABR) of airborne bioaerosols at a suburban location in Doha, Qatar between October 2021 and January 2022. Samples were collected using an Andersen six-stage viable cascade impactor and a liquid impinger. Findings showed that the mean bacteria concentration (464 CFU/m3) was significantly higher than that of fungi (242 CFU/m3) during the study period. Both bacteria and fungi were most abundant in the aerodynamic size fractions of 1.10-2.21 μm, with peak concentrations observed in the mornings and lowest concentrations in the afternoons across all size fractions. A total of 24 different culturable species were identified, with the most abundant ones being Pasteurella pneumotropica (9.71%), Pantoea spp. 1 (8.73%), and Proteus penneri (7.77%) spp. At the phylum level, the bacterial community configurations during the autumn and winter seasons were nearly identical as revealed by molecular genomics, with Proteobacteria being the most predominant, followed by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteriota, and Planctomycetota. However, there was a significant variation in dominant genera between autumn and winter. The most abundant genera included Sphingomonas, Paraburkholderia, Comamonas, Bacillus, and Lysinibacillus. Several bacterial genera identified in this study have important public health and ecological implications, including the risk of respiratory tract infections. Furthermore, the study found that ABR was highest in December, with bioaerosols exhibiting resistance to at least 5 out of 10 antibiotics, and 100% resistance to Metronidazole in all samples. Metagenomics analysis revealed the presence of various airborne bacteria that were not detected through culture-dependent methods. This study provides valuable insights into the airborne microbial composition, temporal variability and ABR in the Arabian Gulf region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Sajjad
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P. O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar; Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Qatar
| | - Kashif Rasool
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P. O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Azhar Siddique
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P. O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khadeeja Abdul Jabbar
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P. O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shimaa S El-Malaha
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P. O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Fares Almomani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University, Qatar
| | - M Rami Alfarra
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P. O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
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Murali M, Ahmed F, Gowtham HG, Aribisala JO, Abdulsalam RA, Shati AA, Alfaifi MY, Sayyed RZ, Sabiu S, Amruthesh KN. Exploration of CviR-mediated quorum sensing inhibitors from Cladosporium spp. against Chromobacterium violaceum through computational studies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15505. [PMID: 37726386 PMCID: PMC10509224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42833-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
An opportunistic human pathogenic bacterium, Chromobacterium violaceum resists the potency of most antibiotics by exploiting the quorum sensing system within their community to control virulence factor expression. Therefore, blocking the quorum sensing mechanism could help to treat several infectious caused by this organism. The quorum sensing receptor (CviR) of C. violaceum was used as a model target in the current investigation to identify potentially novel quorum sensing inhibitors from Cladosporium spp. through in silico computational approaches. The molecular docking results confirmed the anti-quorum sensing potential of bioactive compounds from Cladosporium spp. through binding to CviR with varying docking scores between - 5.2 and - 9.5 kcal/mol. Relative to the positive control [Azithromycin (- 7.4 kcal/mol)], the top six metabolites of Cladosporium spp. had higher docking scores and were generally greater than - 8.5 kcal/mol. The thermodynamic stability and binding affinity refinement of top-ranked CviR inhibitors were further studied through a 160 ns molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. The Post-MD simulation analysis confirmed the top-ranked compounds' affinity, stability, and biomolecular interactions with CviR at 50 ns, 100 ns, and 160 ns with Coniochaetone K of the Cladosporium spp. having the highest binding free energy (- 30.87 kcal/mol) and best interactions (two consistent hydrogen bond contact) following the 160 ns simulation. The predicted pharmacokinetics properties of top selected compounds point to their drug likeliness, potentiating their chance as a possible drug candidate. Overall, the top-ranked compounds from Cladosporium spp., especially Coniochaetone K, could be identified as potential C. violaceum CviR inhibitors. The development of these compounds as broad-spectrum antibacterial medicines is thus possible in the future following the completion of further preclinical and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadevamurthy Murali
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Faiyaz Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, 51452, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jamiu Olaseni Aribisala
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rukayat Abiola Abdulsalam
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ali A Shati
- Faculty of Science, Biology Department, King Khalid University, 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y Alfaifi
- Faculty of Science, Biology Department, King Khalid University, 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Z Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal's S I Patil Arts, G B Patel Science and STKV Sangh Commerce College, Shahada, 425409, India.
| | - Saheed Sabiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Kestur Nagaraj Amruthesh
- Applied Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India.
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13
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Perković I, Poljak T, Savijoki K, Varmanen P, Maravić-Vlahoviček G, Beus M, Kučević A, Džajić I, Rajić Z. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Quinoline and Anthranilic Acid Derivatives as Potential Quorum Sensing Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:5866. [PMID: 37570836 PMCID: PMC10420644 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting quorum sensing (QS), a central communication system, is a promising strategy to combat bacterial pathogens without antibiotics. Here, we designed novel hybrid compounds targeting the PQS (Pseudomonas quinolone signal)-dependent quorum sensing (QS) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that is one of the multidrug-resistant and highly virulent pathogens with urgent need of new antibacterial strategies. We synthesized 12 compounds using standard procedures to combine halogen-substituted anthranilic acids with 4-(2-aminoethyl/4-aminobuthyl)amino-7-chloroquinoline, linked via 1,3,4-oxadiazole. Their antibiofilm activities were first pre-screened using Gram-negative Chromobacterium violaceum-based reporter, which identified compounds 15-19 and 23 with the highest anti-QS and minimal bactericidal effects in a single experiment. These five compounds were then evaluated against P. aeruginosa PAO1 to assess their ability to prevent biofilm formation, eradicate pre-formed biofilms, and inhibit virulence using pyocyanin as a representative marker. Compound 15 displayed the most potent antibiofilm effect, reducing biofilm formation by nearly 50% and pre-formed biofilm masses by 25%. On the other hand, compound 23 exhibited the most significant antivirulence effect, reducing pyocyanin synthesis by over 70%. Thus, our study highlights the potential of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles 15 and 23 as promising scaffolds to combat P. aeruginosa. Additionally, interactive QS systems should be considered to achieve maximal anti-QS activity against this clinically relevant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Perković
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.M.-V.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (Z.R.)
| | | | - Kirsi Savijoki
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Pekka Varmanen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Gordana Maravić-Vlahoviček
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.M.-V.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (Z.R.)
| | - Maja Beus
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.M.-V.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (Z.R.)
| | - Anja Kučević
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.M.-V.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (Z.R.)
| | - Ivan Džajić
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Zrinka Rajić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.M.-V.); (M.B.); (A.K.); (Z.R.)
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14
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Iwamoto K, Yamamoto M, Yamamoto A, Sai T, Mukai T, Miura N, Kozono H, Onishi S, Ohno S, Iwamoto N, Matsumura Y, Nagao M, Urata Y. Meningitis caused by Chromobacterium haemolyticum suspected to be derived from a canal in Japan: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2023; 17:171. [PMID: 37120580 PMCID: PMC10149000 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-03913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Chromobacterium, of which 12 species have been recognized, comprises bacteria that reside in tropical and subtropical environments. Of these species, Chromobacterium violaceum and Chromobacterium haemolyticum are known to cause infections in humans. There have been few reports of infections caused by Chromobacterium haemolyticum. CASE PRESENTATION Chromobacterium haemolyticum was detected in spinal fluid and blood samples isolated from a 73-year-old Japanese male patient who fell into a canal in Kyoto City, Japan and developed bacteremia and meningitis. Although meropenem and vancomycin were administered, this patient died 9 days after admission. Although the infection was misidentified as being caused by Chromobacterium violaceum by conventional identification methods, average nucleotide identity analysis revealed that the causative pathogen was Chromobacterium haemolyticum. The same bacteria were also detected in the canal in which the accident occurred. Phylogenetic analysis of the strain isolated from the patient and the strain isolated from the canal suggested that the two strains were very closely related. CONCLUSIONS Chromobacterium haemolyticum can be misidentified as Chromobacterium violaceum by conventional identification methods and tends to be more resistant to β-lactams than Chromobacterium violaceum. Pigment production and β-hemolysis on blood sheep agar can provide clues for the early identification of Chromobacterium haemolyticum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumi Iwamoto
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Department of Cerebral Neurology and Stroke, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshi Sai
- Department of Cerebral Neurology and Stroke, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiko Mukai
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noriko Miura
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Kozono
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeki Onishi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seiko Ohno
- Department of Infection Control, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuki Iwamoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Matsumura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Miki Nagao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 6068507, Japan
| | - Yoji Urata
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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15
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de Lima DC, Medeiros IG, de Cássia Silva-Portela R, da Silva Junior FC, Fassarela Agnez-Lima L, de Souza JES, Batistuzzo de Medeiros SR. Identification of plasmids from Brazilian Chromobacterium violaceum strains. Can J Microbiol 2021; 68:1-10. [PMID: 34780296 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2021-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chromobacterium violaceum is an opportunistic pathogen found in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Chromobacterium violaceum infections are difficult to treat, and many strains are resistant to antibiotics. Recently, a novel plasmid (pChV1) was discovered in the type strain ATCC 12472, suggesting that other C. violaceum strains may harbor extra-chromosomal DNA. The aim of the present study was to detect and compare new plasmids in Brazilian strains of C. violaceum using next-generation sequencing techniques. We obtained draft genomes of six plasmids from strains isolated from the Amazon region and aligned them with pChV1. At least three plasmids, CVAC05, CVACO2, and CVT8, were similar to pChV1. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that these new extra-chromosomal DNA sequences have a common origin with pChV1 but have diverged. Many of the ORFs detected were related to plasmid segregation/maintenance, viral structural proteins, and proteins with unknown functions. These findings may enable better genetic manipulation of C. violaceum, which will enhance our ability to exploit this valuable microorganism in industrial and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Chaves de Lima
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte, CEP 59015-000, Natal, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, CEP 59078-970, Natal, Brazil
| | - Inácio Gomes Medeiros
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, CEP 59078-970, Natal, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioinformática, Instituto Metrópole Digital, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, CEP 59078-970, Natal, Brazil
- Instituto do Cérebro, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, CEP 59056-450, Natal, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Silva-Portela
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, CEP 59078-970, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Lucymara Fassarela Agnez-Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, CEP 59078-970, Natal, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioinformática, Instituto Metrópole Digital, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, CEP 59078-970, Natal, Brazil
| | - Jorge Estefano Santana de Souza
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, Instituto Metrópole Digital, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, CEP 59078-970, Natal, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioinformática, Instituto Metrópole Digital, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, CEP 59078-970, Natal, Brazil
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