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Shen J, Wei S, Guo J, Xu S, Li M, Wang D, Liu L. Evolutionary trend analysis of the pharmaceutical management research field from the perspective of mapping the knowledge domain. FRONTIERS IN HEALTH SERVICES 2024; 4:1384364. [PMID: 39055548 PMCID: PMC11269259 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2024.1384364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Background Pharmaceutical management is a new frontier subject between pharmacy, law and management, and related research involves the whole process of drug development, production, circulation and use. With the development of medical systems and the diversification of patients' drug needs, research in the field of pharmaceutical management is becoming increasingly abundant. To clarify the development status of this field, this study conducted a bibliometric analysis of relevant literature in the field based on the knowledge graph method for the first time and explored the evolutionary trends of research hotspots and frontiers. Methods Literature was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database. CiteSpace 6.2.R4 (Advanced), VOSViewer, Scimago Graphica, Pajek and the R programming language were used to visualize the data. Results A total of 12,771 publications were included in the study. The publications in the field of pharmaceutical management show an overall increasing trend. In terms of discipline evolution, early research topics tended to involve the positioning of pharmacists and pharmaceutical care and the establishment of a management system. From 2000 to 2005, this period tended to focus on clinical pharmacy and institutional norms. With the development of globalization and the market economy, research from 2005 to 2010 began to trend to the fields of drug markets and economics. From 2010 to 2015, research was gradually integrated into health systems and medical services. With the development of information technology, after 2015, research in the field of pharmaceutical management also began to develop in the direction of digitalization and intelligence. In light of the global pandemic of COVID-19, research topics such as drug supply management, pharmaceutical care and telemedicine services under major public health events have shown increased interest since 2020. Conclusion Based on the knowledge mapping approach, this study provides a knowledge landscape in the field of pharmaceutical management research. The results showed that the reform of pharmacy education, the challenge of drug management under the COVID-19 pandemic, digital transformation and the rise of telemedicine services were the hot topics in this field. In addition, the research frontier also shows the broad prospects of the integration of information technology and pharmaceutical management, the practical value of precision pharmaceutical services, the urgent need of global drug governance, and the ethical and legal issues involved in the application of artificial intelligence technology in drug design, which points out the direction for the future development of pharmaceutical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkai Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sen Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jieyu Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Meixia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dejiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ling Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Kinoshita K, Kaneko M. Medical students' impression of a generalist in Japan: A cross-sectional study. J Gen Fam Med 2024; 25:241-248. [PMID: 38966651 PMCID: PMC11221052 DOI: 10.1002/jgf2.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the increasing global demand, few medical students aspire to become generalists. To address this shortage, we investigated medical students' impressions of generalists in Japan. Methods This cross-sectional study used a web-based questionnaire from a previous study. The participants chose the impression of a generalist from four categories based on the previous report: family physician, hospital family physician, hospitalist, and general internal medicine. Results Medical students' impressions were as follows: family physicians (32%), hospitalists (28%), general internal medicine staff (20%), and hospital family physicians (18%). Students considered reasonable working hours, research opportunities, a clinical clerkship in generalist medicine, and information from university faculty as essential for making career choices. Conclusions The study demonstrated that the number of Japanese medical students who considered generalists to be family physicians/hospital family physicians and the number of those who considered generalists to be hospitalists/general internal medicine were almost equal. To increase the number of medical students who consider and choose to become generalists, understanding their impressions of generalist practice and their needs regarding work settings in that role is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kinoshita
- Department of Health Data ScienceYokohama City UniversityYokohamaJapan
| | - Makoto Kaneko
- Department of Health Data ScienceYokohama City UniversityYokohamaJapan
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Watari T, Houchens N, Nishizaki Y, Kataoka K, Otsuka T, Nakano Y, Sakaguchi K, Shiraishi Y, Katayama K, Kataoka H, Tokuda Y. Empathy competence and future specialty among medical residents in Japan: a nationwide cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13742. [PMID: 37612358 PMCID: PMC10447498 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41011-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Empathy is essential for physicians to provide patient-centered care. Nevertheless, the degree to which empathy varies among medical residents based on their desired future specialty remains undetermined. This nationwide cross-sectional study compared empathy levels (Jefferson Scale of Empathy, JSE) of 824 year one and two postgraduate residents in Japan by intended medical specialty, individual characteristics, and training and working environment characteristics. Empathy levels were compared with applicants for general medicine, which emphasizes patient-centeredness. The highest mean JSE and the highest percentage of women residents were observed in general medicine (M = 109.74; SD = 14.04), followed by dermatology (M = 106.64; SD = 16.90), obstetrics and gynecology (M = 106.48; SD = 14.31), and pediatrics (106.02; SD 12.18). Residents interested in procedure-centered departments (e.g. ophthalmology, orthopedics) garnered lower JSE scores. Multivariate regression revealed that future general medicine candidates achieved the highest JSE scores ([Formula: see text] = 6.68, 95% CI 2.39-10.9, p = 0.002). Women achieved significantly higher JSE scores than men ([Formula: see text] = 2.42, 95% CI 0.11-4.73, p = 0.041). The results have implications for empathy training and postgraduate education strategy in different clinical specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Watari
- General Medicine Center, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Shimane, Japan.
- Medicine Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Nathan Houchens
- Medicine Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yuji Nishizaki
- Medical Technology Innovation Center, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koshi Kataoka
- Medical Technology Innovation Center, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoe Otsuka
- Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Nakano
- Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Kota Sakaguchi
- General Medicine Center, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | | | - Kohta Katayama
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kataoka
- Diversity and Inclusion Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Tokuda
- Muribushi Okinawa Project for Teaching Hospitals, Okinawa, Japan
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SEKINE MIWA, KIYAMA YASUHIKO, UEDA RIEKO, AUNE DAVID, SANADA SHOJI, NISHIZAKI YUJI. Understanding International Differences in Academic Author Order in General Medicine Publications. JUNTENDO IJI ZASSHI = JUNTENDO MEDICAL JOURNAL 2023; 69:405-408. [PMID: 38845732 PMCID: PMC10984361 DOI: 10.14789/jmj.jmj23-0012-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Objectives With increasing multinational research in general medicine, the lack of a standardized policy regarding the order of author bylines can create conflict and misunderstanding due to different practices worldwide. Methods We examined publicly available data from websites such as Journal Citation Reports and Web of Science, focusing on original articles published in the "Medicine, General, & Internal" category in 2020. Of 169 journals in the "Medicine, General, & Internal" category, we selected the ten countries with the highest number of publications and then examined the position of the corresponding author in the author byline as an indicator of the author in charge since corresponding authors are considered to have contributed the most. Results The top ten countries with the highest publications are the USA, China, Germany, England, Japan, France, Italy, Canada, India, and Australia. The results demonstrated that the percentage of the second author being the corresponding author was the highest in Japan compared to other countries. This percentage was 25 times higher in Japan than in the USA. Conclusions Understanding international differences regarding author order would facilitate smoother collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - YUJI NISHIZAKI
- Corresponding author: Yuji Nishizaki, Division of Medical Education, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan, TEL: +81-3-3813-3111 FAX: +81-3-5689-0627 E-mail:
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Watari T, Nishizaki Y, Houchens N, Kataoka K, Sakaguchi K, Shiraishi Y, Shimizu T, Yamamoto Y, Tokuda Y. Medical resident's pursuing specialty and differences in clinical proficiency among medical residents in Japan: a nationwide cross-sectional study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:464. [PMID: 37349724 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04429-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Standardized examinations assess both learners and training programs within the medical training system in Japan. However, it is unknown if there is an association between clinical proficiency as assessed by the General Medicine In-Training Examination (GM-ITE) and pursuing specialty. OBJECTIVE To determine the relative achievement of fundamental skills as assessed by the standardized GM-ITE based on pursuing career specialty among residents in the Japanese training system. DESIGN Nationwide cross-sectional study. SETTING Medical residents in Japan who attempted the GM-ITE in their first or second year were surveyed. PARTICIPANTS A total of 4,363 postgraduate years 1 and 2 residents who completed the GM-ITE were surveyed between January 18 and March 31, 2021. MAIN MEASURES GM-ITE total scores and individual scores in each of four domains assessing clinical knowledge: 1) medical interview and professionalism, 2) symptomatology and clinical reasoning, 3) physical examination and treatment, and 4) detailed disease knowledge. RESULTS When compared to the most pursued specialty, internal medicine, only those residents who chose general medicine achieved higher GM-ITE scores (coefficient 1.38, 95% CI 0.08 to 2.68, p = 0.038). Conversely, the nine specialties and "Other/Not decided" groups scored significantly lower. Higher scores were noted among residents entering general medicine, emergency medicine, and internal medicine and among those who trained in community hospitals with higher numbers of beds, were more advanced in their training, spent more time working and studying, and cared for a moderate but not an extreme number of patients at a time. CONCLUSIONS Levels of basic skill achievement differed depending on respective chosen future specialties among residents in Japan. Scores were higher among those pursuing careers in general medical fields and lower among those pursuing highly specialized careers. Residents in training programs devoid of specialty-specific competition may not possess the same motivations as those in competitive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Watari
- General Medicine Center, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1, Enya-Cho, Izumo Shi, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.
- Medicine Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Yuji Nishizaki
- Division of Medical Education, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nathan Houchens
- Medicine Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Koshi Kataoka
- Division of Medical Education, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kota Sakaguchi
- General Medicine Center, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1, Enya-Cho, Izumo Shi, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Shiraishi
- General Medicine Center, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1, Enya-Cho, Izumo Shi, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Taro Shimizu
- Department of Diagnostic and Generalist Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yu Yamamoto
- Division of General Medicine, Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Tokuda
- Muribushi Okinawa Project for Teaching Hospitals, Okinawa, Japan
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Watari T, Gupta A. Comparing Japanese University Hospitals' and Community Healthcare Facilities' Research Contributions on PubMed. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:951-960. [PMID: 36945702 PMCID: PMC10024878 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s398413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although research in general medicine is important, the contributions and characteristics of general medicine physicians (GMPs) in university hospitals (UH) and community healthcare facilities (CHF) remains unclear. Therefore, this study examines the popularity of research by affiliation, characteristics of journal publication, annual trends, and differences in impact factors (IFs) of journal publications. Methods This study is a secondary bibliometric analysis of articles in international journals published in PubMed over the past six years (2015-2020). The analysis compared English articles published by either UH- or CHF-affiliated GMPs in Japan in terms of, among other things, article type, research field, and IF. Results Of the 2372 articles analyzed, 1688 (71.2%) were published by physicians affiliated with UHs, 62.6% of which were original. Basic research, international collaboration, and ratio of IFs were significantly higher for such papers. In contrast, the number of CHF articles were significantly higher in the areas of clinical research and practice, with a greater proportion of case reports. There was no significant difference in IF between the disciplines within each affiliation, but the IF was the highest in experimental basic research and the lowest in medical and clinical education. In the six-year time series, the number of original papers by UHs and CHFs increased roughly twofold between 2015 and 2020, but the number of articles in the areas of medical education and healthcare quality and safety remained mostly unchanged. Conclusion The number of international papers published by Japanese GMPs has increased since 2015, particularly in terms of original papers and clinical research from UHs. However, there was no significant difference in the IF between UH and CHF publications. Our findings can guide the development of indicators, research, and education strategies regarding Japanese GMPs' research performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Watari
- General Medicine Center, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Medicine Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Correspondence: Takashi Watari, Shimane University Hospital, General Medicine Center, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo shi, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan, Tel +81-853-20-2005, Fax +81-853-20-2375, Email
| | - Ashwin Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Medicine Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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