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Lujan H, Mulenos MR, Carrasco D, Zechmann B, Hussain SM, Sayes CM. Engineered aluminum nanoparticle induces mitochondrial deformation and is predicated on cell phenotype. Nanotoxicology 2022; 15:1215-1232. [PMID: 35077653 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.2011974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The main role of mitochondria is to generate the energy necessary for the cell to survive and adapt to different environmental stresses. Energy demand varies depending on the phenotype of the cell. To efficiently meet metabolic demands, mitochondria require a specific proton homeostasis and defined membrane structures to facilitate adenosine triphosphate production. This homeostatic environment is constantly challenged as mitochondria are a major target for damage after exposure to environmental contaminants. Here we report changes in mitochondrial structure profiles in different cell types using electron microscopy in response to particle stress exposure in three different representative lung cell types. Endpoint analyses include nanoparticle intracellular uptake; quantitation of mitochondrial size, shape, and ultrastructure; and confirmation of autophagosome formation. Results show that low-dose aluminum nanoparticles exposure (1 ppm; 1 µg/mL; 1.6 × 1 0-7 µg/cell)) to primary and asthma cells incurred significant mitochondrial deformation and increases in mitophagy, while cancer cells exhibited only slight changes in mitochondrial morphology and an increase in lipid body formation. These results show low-dose aluminum nanoparticle exposure induces subtle changes in the mitochondria of specific lung cells that can be quantified with microscopy techniques. Furthermore, within the lung, cell type by the nature of origin (i.e. primary vs. cancer vs. asthma) dictates mitochondrial morphology, metabolic health, and the metabolic stress response of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Lujan
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Marina R Mulenos
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Desirae Carrasco
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Bernd Zechmann
- Center for Microscopy and Imaging, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Saber M Hussain
- Biotechnology Branch, Airman Biosciences Division, 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Christie M Sayes
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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2
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Malvandi AM, Shahba S, Mohammadipour A, Rastegar-Moghaddam SH, Abudayyak M. Cell and molecular toxicity of lanthanum nanoparticles: are there possible risks to humans? Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:951-972. [PMID: 34143944 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.1940340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanum nanoparticles are widely used in industry, agriculture, and biomedicine. Over 900 kg of lanthanum is annually released into the environment only in Europe, 50 times higher than the metals, mercury, and cadmium's environmental spread. Human health risk associated with long-term exposure to the abundant lanthanum nanoparticles is a concerning environmental issue. Due to lanthanum's ability to disrupt the main biological barriers and interrupt various cells' hemostasis, they seem to cause severe disruptions to various tissues. This review opens a new perspective regarding the cellular and molecular interaction of nanosized and ionic lanthanum with the possible toxicity on the nervous system and other tissues that would show lanthanum nanoparticles' potential danger to follow in toxicological science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Shahba
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Abbas Mohammadipour
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mahmoud Abudayyak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Ghaznavi H, Shirvaliloo M, Zarebkohan A, Shams Z, Radnia F, Bahmanpour Z, Sargazi S, Saravani R, Shirvalilou S, Shahraki O, Shahraki S, Nazarlou Z, Sheervalilou R. An Updated Review on Implications of Autophagy and Apoptosis in Tumorigenesis: Possible Alterations in Autophagy through Engineered Nanomaterials and Their Importance in Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 100:119-143. [PMID: 33990406 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most commonly recognized as a catabolic pathway, autophagy is a perplexing mechanism through which a living cell can free itself of excess cytoplasmic components, i.e., organelles, by means of certain membranous vesicles or lysosomes filled with degrading enzymes. Upon exposure to external insult or internal stimuli, the cell might opt to activate such a pathway, through which it can gain control over the maintenance of intracellular components and thus sustain homeostasis by intercepting the formation of unnecessary structures or eliminating the already present dysfunctional or inutile organelles. Despite such appropriateness, autophagy might also be considered a frailty for the cell, as it has been said to have a rather complicated role in tumorigenesis. A merit in the early stages of tumor formation, autophagy appears to be salutary because of its tumor-suppressing effects. In fact, several investigations on tumorigenesis have reported diminished levels of autophagic activity in tumor cells, which might result in transition to malignancy. On the contrary, autophagy has been suggested to be a seemingly favorable mechanism to progressed malignancies, as it contributes to survival of such cells. Based on the recent literature, this mechanism might also be activated upon the entry of engineered nanomaterials inside a cell, supposedly protecting the host from foreign materials. Accordingly, there is a good chance that therapeutic interventions for modulating autophagy in malignant cells using nanoparticles may sensitize cancerous cells to certain treatment modalities, e.g., radiotherapy. In this review, we will discuss the signaling pathways involved in autophagy and the significance of the mechanism itself in apoptosis and tumorigenesis while shedding light on possible alterations in autophagy through engineered nanomaterials and their potential therapeutic applications in cancer. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Autophagy has been said to have a complicated role in tumorigenesis. In the early stages of tumor formation, autophagy appears to be salutary because of its tumor-suppressing effects. On the contrary, autophagy has been suggested to be a favorable mechanism to progressed malignancies. This mechanism might be affected upon the entry of nanomaterials inside a cell. Accordingly, therapeutic interventions for modulating autophagy using nanoparticles may sensitize cancerous cells to certain therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Ghaznavi
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Milad Shirvaliloo
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Amir Zarebkohan
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Zinat Shams
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Fatemeh Radnia
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Zahra Bahmanpour
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Ramin Saravani
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Sakine Shirvalilou
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Omolbanin Shahraki
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Sheida Shahraki
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Ziba Nazarlou
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
| | - Roghayeh Sheervalilou
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (H.G.), Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, (M.S.), Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (A.Z.), Department of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran (Z.S.), Department of Medical Biotechnology, Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (F.R.), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (Z.B.), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sar), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.S.), Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (S.Sh), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (O.S), Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (S.Sha), Material Engineering Department, College of Science Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey (Z.N.), Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran (R.Sh)
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4
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Chang X, Li J, Niu S, Xue Y, Tang M. Neurotoxicity of metal‐containing nanoparticles and implications in glial cells. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:65-81. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.4037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Chang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Jiangyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Shuyan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Yuying Xue
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health Southeast University Nanjing China
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5
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Raj EN, Lin Y, Chen C, Liu K, Chao J. Selective Autophagy Pathway of Nanoparticles and Nanodrugs: Drug Delivery and Pathophysiological Effects. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Naveen Raj
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30068 Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30068 Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Wei Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30068 Taiwan
| | - Chien‐Hung Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30068 Taiwan
| | - Kuang‐Kai Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30068 Taiwan
| | - Jui‐I Chao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30068 Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30068 Taiwan
- Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio‐devices National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30068 Taiwan
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6
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Gao Y, Zhang T. The Application of Nanomaterials in Cell Autophagy. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 16:23-35. [PMID: 32357821 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200502000807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is defined as separation and degradation of cytoplasmic components through autophagosomes, which plays an essential part in physiological and pathological events. Hence it is also essential for cellular homeostasis. Autophagy disorder may bring about the failure of stem cells to maintain the fundamental transformation and metabolism of cell components. However, for cancer cells, the disorder of autophagy is a feasible antitumor idea. Nanoparticles, referring to particles of the size range 1-100 nanometers, are appearing as a category of autophagy regulators. These nanoparticles may revolutionize and broaden the therapeutic strategies of many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, tumors, muscle disease, and so on. Researches of autophagy-induced nanomaterials mainly focus on silver particles, gold particles, silicon particles, and rare earth oxides. But in recent years, more and more materials have been found to regulate autophagy, such as nano-nucleic acid materials, nanofiber scaffolds, quantum dots, and so on. The review highlights that various kinds of nanoparticles have the power to regulate autophagy intensity in stem cells of interest and further control biological behaviors, which may become a reliable treatment choice for disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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7
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Pérez-Arizti JA, Ventura-Gallegos JL, Galván Juárez RE, Ramos-Godinez MDP, Colín-Val Z, López-Marure R. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles promote oxidative stress, autophagy and reduce NLRP3 in primary rat astrocytes. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 317:108966. [PMID: 32004531 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.108966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are widely used in the food industry, cosmetics, personal care and paints among others. Through occupational exposure and daily consumption, and because of their small size, TiO2-NPs can enter the body through different routes such as oral, dermal and inhalation, and accumulate in multiple organs including the brain. TiO2-NPs cause severe damage to many cell types, however their effects in the central nervous system remain largely unexplored. Therefore, in the present study we determined the cytotoxic effect of TiO2-NPs on rat astrocytes. We tested the oxidant properties of TiO2-NPs through DTT depletion, and measured oxidative stress-induced damage in mitochondria, through oxidation of 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) with Mitotracker Green FM. We further examined oxidative stress-derived responses such as IκB-α degradation by Western Blot, NF-κB translocation by EMSA, autophagy induction by LC3-II levels, and expression of the inflammasome protein NLRP3. TiO2-NPs showed high oxidant properties and induced strong oxidative stress in astrocytes following their internalization, causing mitochondrial damage detected by ΔΨm loss. Responses against oxidative damage such as NF-κB translocation and autophagy were induced and NLRP3 protein expression was downregulated, indicating lower inflammasome-mediated responses in astrocytes. These results support TiO2-NPs cytotoxicity in astrocytes, cells that play key roles in neuronal homeostasis and their dysfunction can lead to neurological disorders including cognitive impairment and memory loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Pérez-Arizti
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - José Luis Ventura-Gallegos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico; Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental IIB, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | | | | | - Zaira Colín-Val
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico
| | - Rebeca López-Marure
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico.
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8
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Chen Y, Zhu W, Shu F, Fan Y, Yang N, Wu T, Ji L, Xie W, Bade R, Jiang S, Liu X, Shao G, Wu G, Jia X. Nd 2O 3 Nanoparticles Induce Toxicity and Cardiac/Cerebrovascular Abnormality in Zebrafish Embryos via the Apoptosis Pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:387-400. [PMID: 32021186 PMCID: PMC6987978 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s220785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rare-earth nanoparticles in the environment and human body pose a potential threat to human health. Although toxic effects of rare-earth nanoparticles have been extensively studied, the effects on the early development are not well understood. In this study, we attempted to explain the toxic effects of neodymium oxide (Nd2O3) nanoparticles on early development. Methods We added the Nd2O3 nanoparticles at different concentrations and recorded the mortality and malformation rate per 24 hrs under a microscope. The live embryos treated with Nd2O3 nanoparticles were imaged as movies and Z step lapses with a confocal microscope, and heart rates were counted for 30 s to measure the cardiac function. The live Tg (Flk1:EGFP) transgenic embryos exposed to Nd2O3 nanoparticles were observed under confocal microscope to measure the cerebrovascular development. Subsequently, we extracted the total protein for Western blot at 5 days post-fertilisation (dpf). Embryos were collected to undergo TUNEL staining for apoptosis detection. Results Nd2O3 nanoparticles disturbed embryo development at high concentrations (>200 μg/mL). The mortality and malformation rate gradually increased in a dose-dependent manner by morphological observation, while the Nd2O3 median lethal concentration (LD50) was 203.4 μg/mL at 120 hrs post-fertilisation (hpf). Furthermore, the Nd2O3-treated embryos showed severe arrhythmia and reduced heart rate. We also observed the markedly cerebrovascular disappearance at middle concentration (100 and 200 μg/mL). The downregulated autophagy flux in brain blood vessels and increased apoptosis level in neurons might affect vessels sprouting and contribute to the vanished cerebrovascular. Conclusion The results suggested that the embryos exposed to Nd2O3 activated the apoptosis pathway and induced toxicity and abnormal cardiac/cerebrovascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Biomedicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Shu
- Third Hospital of Baotou, Baotou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Fan
- Biomedicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Yang
- Biomedicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wu
- Biomedicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Ji
- Biomedicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xie
- Biomedicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China
| | - Rengui Bade
- Biomedicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyuan Jiang
- Biomedicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Biomedicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Shao
- Biomedicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wu
- Biomedicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoe Jia
- Biomedicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Translational Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypoxic Conditioning Translational Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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9
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Lin CY, Tsai CW. PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy pathway is related to neuroprotection by carnosic acid in SH-SY5Y cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 125:430-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Wysokińska E, Cichos J, Kowalczyk A, Karbowiak M, Strządała L, Bednarkiewicz A, Kałas W. Toxicity Mechanism of Low Doses of NaGdF₄:Yb 3+,Er 3+ Upconverting Nanoparticles in Activated Macrophage Cell Lines. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9010014. [PMID: 30609856 PMCID: PMC6359000 DOI: 10.3390/biom9010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gadolinium-doped nanoparticles (NPs) are regarded as promising luminescent probes. In this report, we studied details of toxicity mechanism of low doses of NaGdF4-based fluorescent nanoparticles in activated RAW264.7, J774A.1 macrophages. These cell lines were specifically sensitive to the treatment with nanoparticles. Using nanoparticles of three different sizes, but with a uniform zeta potential (about −11 mV), we observed rapid uptake of NPs by the cells, resulting in the increased lysosomal compartment and subsequent superoxide induction along with a decrease in mitochondrial potential, indicating the impairment of mitochondrial homeostasis. At the molecular level, this led to upregulation of proapoptotic Bax and downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, which triggered the apoptosis with phosphatidylserine externalization, caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation. We provide a time frame of the toxicity process by presenting data from different time points. These effects were present regardless of the size of nanoparticles. Moreover, despite the stability of NaGdF4 nanoparticles at low pH, we identified cell acidification as an essential prerequisite of cytotoxic reaction using acidification inhibitors (NH4Cl or Bafilomycin A1). Therefore, approaching the evaluation of the biocompatibility of such materials, one should keep in mind that toxicity could be revealed only in specific cells. On the other hand, designing gadolinium-doped NPs with increased resistance to harsh conditions of activated macrophage phagolysosomes should prevent NP decomposition, concurrent gadolinium release, and thus the elimination of its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Wysokińska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, PAS, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Jakub Cichos
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | | | | | - Leon Strządała
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, PAS, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | | | - Wojciech Kałas
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, PAS, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
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11
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Wei M, Le WD. The Role of Nanomaterials in Autophagy. AUTOPHAGY: BIOLOGY AND DISEASES 2019; 1206:273-286. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-0602-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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12
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Mohammadinejad R, Moosavi MA, Tavakol S, Vardar DÖ, Hosseini A, Rahmati M, Dini L, Hussain S, Mandegary A, Klionsky DJ. Necrotic, apoptotic and autophagic cell fates triggered by nanoparticles. Autophagy 2019; 15:4-33. [PMID: 30160607 PMCID: PMC6287681 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1509171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials have gained a rapid increase in use in a variety of applications that pertain to many aspects of human life. The majority of these innovations are centered on medical applications and a range of industrial and environmental uses ranging from electronics to environmental remediation. Despite the advantages of NPs, the knowledge of their toxicological behavior and their interactions with the cellular machinery that determines cell fate is extremely limited. This review is an attempt to summarize and increase our understanding of the mechanistic basis of nanomaterial interactions with the cellular machinery that governs cell fate and activity. We review the mechanisms of NP-induced necrosis, apoptosis and autophagy and potential implications of these pathways in nanomaterial-induced outcomes. Abbreviations: Ag, silver; CdTe, cadmium telluride; CNTs, carbon nanotubes; EC, endothelial cell; GFP, green fluorescent protein; GO, graphene oxide; GSH, glutathione; HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells; NP, nanoparticle; PEI, polyethylenimine; PVP, polyvinylpyrrolidone; QD, quantum dot; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SiO2, silicon dioxide; SPIONs, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles; SWCNT, single-walled carbon nanotubes; TiO2, titanium dioxide; USPION, ultra-small super paramagnetic iron oxide; ZnO, zinc oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Deniz Özkan Vardar
- Sungurlu Vocational High School, Health Programs, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Asieh Hosseini
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marveh Rahmati
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Salik Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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13
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Chen N, Han Y, Luo Y, Zhou Y, Hu X, Yu Y, Xie X, Yin M, Sun J, Zhong W, Zhao Y, Song H, Fan C. Nanodiamond-based non-canonical autophagy inhibitor synergistically induces cell death in oxygen-deprived tumors. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2018; 5:1204-1210. [DOI: 10.1039/c8mh00993g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Blockage of autophagic flux by nanodiamonds induces apoptosis in hypoxic tumor cells with minimal toxicity to normal tissues and enhances the effects of anti-angiogenic therapy.
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14
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Tang X, Loc WS, Dong C, Matters GL, Butler PJ, Kester M, Meyers C, Jiang Y, Adair JH. The use of nanoparticulates to treat breast cancer. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:2367-2388. [PMID: 28868970 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major ongoing public health issue among women in both developing and developed countries. Significant progress has been made to improve the breast cancer treatment in the past decades. However, the current clinical approaches are invasive, of low specificity and can generate severe side effects. As a rapidly developing field, nanotechnology brings promising opportunities to human cancer diagnosis and treatment. The use of nanoparticulate-based platforms overcomes biological barriers and allows prolonged blood circulation time, simultaneous tumor targeting and enhanced accumulation of drugs in tumors. Currently available and clinically applicable innovative nanoparticulate-based systems for breast cancer nanotherapies are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Welley S Loc
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Gail L Matters
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Peter J Butler
- Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Mark Kester
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Craig Meyers
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Yixing Jiang
- Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - James H Adair
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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15
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Wei L, Wang J, Chen A, Liu J, Feng X, Shao L. Involvement of PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy in ZnO nanoparticle-induced toxicity in BV-2 cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:1891-1903. [PMID: 28331313 PMCID: PMC5352242 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s129375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in biological materials, the neurotoxicity caused by these particles has raised serious concerns. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the toxic effect of ZnO NPs on brain cells remain unclear. Mitochondrial damage has been reported to be a factor in the toxicity of ZnO NPs. PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy is a newly emerging additional function of autophagy that selectively degrades impaired mitochondria. Here, a PINK1 gene knockdown BV-2 cell model was established to determine whether PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy was involved in ZnO NP-induced toxicity in BV-2 cells. The expression of total parkin, mito-parkin, cyto-parkin, and PINK1 both in wild type and PINK1−/− BV-2 cells was evaluated using Western blot analysis after the cells were exposed to 10 μg/mL of 50 nm ZnO NPs for 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h. The findings suggested that the downregulation of PINK1 resulted in a significant reduction in the survival rate after ZnO NP exposure compared with that of control cells. ZnO NPs were found to induce the transportation of parkin from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria, implying the involvement of mitophagy in ZnO NP-induced toxicity. The deletion of the PINK1 gene inhibited the recruitment of parkin to the mitochondria, causing failure of the cell to trigger mitophagy. The present study demonstrated that apart from autophagy, PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy plays a protective role in ZnO NP-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wei
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijie Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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16
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Das S, Reed McDonagh P, Selvan Sakthivel T, Barkam S, Killion K, Ortiz J, Saraf S, Kumar A, Gupta A, Zweit J, Seal S. Tissue deposition and toxicological effects of commercially significant rare earth oxide nanomaterials: Material and physical properties. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:904-917. [PMID: 27255187 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth oxide (REO) materials are found naturally in earth's crust and at the nanoscale these REO nanoparticles exhibit unique thermal, electrical, and physicochemical properties. REO nanoparticles are widely used in different industrial sectors for ceramics, glass polishing, metallurgy, lasers, and magnets. Recently, some of these REO nanoparticles have been identified for their potential application in medicine, including therapy, imaging, and diagnostics. Concurrent research into the REO nanomaterials' toxicities has also raised concern for their environmental impacts. The correlation of REO nanoparticles mediated toxicity with their physiochemical properties can help to design nanoparticles with minimal effect on the environment and living organisms. In vitro assay revealed toxicity toward Human squamous epithelial cell line (CCL30) and Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) at a concentration of 100 µM and higher. In vivo results showed, with the exception of CeO2 and Gd2 O3 , most of the naoparticles did not clear or had minimum clearance (10-20%) from the system. Elevated levels of alanine transferase were seen for animals given each different nanoparticle, however the increases were not significant for CeO2 and Dy2 O3 . Nephrotoxicity was only seen in case of Dy2 O3 and Gd2 O3 . Lastly, histological examination revealed presence of swollen hepatocytes which further confirms toxicity of the commercial REO nanomaterials. The in vivo toxicity is mainly due to excessive tissue deposition (70-90%) due to the commercial REO nanoparticles' poor physical properties (shape, stability, and extent of agglomeration). Therefore, optimization of nanoparticles physical properties is very important. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 904-917, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Das
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Nanoscience and Technology Center, Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32816
| | - Philip Reed McDonagh
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 23298
| | - Tamil Selvan Sakthivel
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Nanoscience and Technology Center, Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32816
| | - Swetha Barkam
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Nanoscience and Technology Center, Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32816
| | - Kelsey Killion
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Nanoscience and Technology Center, Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32816
| | - Julian Ortiz
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Nanoscience and Technology Center, Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32816
| | - Shashank Saraf
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Nanoscience and Technology Center, Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32816
| | - Amit Kumar
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Nanoscience and Technology Center, Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32816
| | - Ankur Gupta
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Nanoscience and Technology Center, Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32816
| | - Jamal Zweit
- Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 23298
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Nanoscience and Technology Center, Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32816
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32816
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17
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Lin J, Shi SS, Zhang JQ, Zhang YJ, Zhang L, Liu Y, Jin PP, Wei PF, Shi RH, Zhou W, Wen LP. Giant Cellular Vacuoles Induced by Rare Earth Oxide Nanoparticles are Abnormally Enlarged Endo/Lysosomes and Promote mTOR-Dependent TFEB Nucleus Translocation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:5759-5768. [PMID: 27593892 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Many nanomaterials are reported to disrupt lysosomal function and homeostasis, but how cells sense and then respond to nanomaterial-elicited lysosome stress is poorly understood. Nucleus translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) plays critical roles in lysosome biogenesis following lysosome stress induced by starvation. The authors previously reported massive cellular vacuolization, along with autophagy induction, in cells treated with rare earth oxide (REO) nanoparticles. Here, the authors identify these giant cellular vacuoles as abnormally enlarged and alkalinized endo/lysosomes whose formation is dependent on macropinocytosis. This vacuolization causes deactivation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a TFEB-interacting kinase that resides on the lysosome membrane. Subsequently, TFEB is dephosphorylated at serine 142 and translocated into cell nucleus. This nucleus translocation of TFEB is observed only in vacuolated cells and it is critical for maintaining lysosome homeostasis after REO nanoparticle treatment, as knock-down of TFEB gene significantly compromises lysosome function and enhances cell death in nanoparticle-treated cells. Our results reveal that cellular vacuolization, which is commonly observed in cells treated with REOs and other nanomaterials, represents a condition of profound lysosome stress, and cells sense and respond to this stress by facilitating mTOR-dependent TFEB nucleus translocation in an effort to restore lysosome homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lin
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Shi
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Qian Zhang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Jiao Zhang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, P. R. China
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Pei Jin
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Wei
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Hua Shi
- Core Facility Center of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China.
- School of Biological and Medical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China.
| | - Long-Ping Wen
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China.
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18
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Hassan CE, Webster TJ. The effect of red-allotrope selenium nanoparticles on head and neck squamous cell viability and growth. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:3641-54. [PMID: 27536104 PMCID: PMC4975150 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s105173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Given their low toxicity and natural presence in the human diet, selenium nanoparticles have been established as potential candidates for the treatment of numerous cancers. Red-allotrope selenium nanoparticles (rSeNPs) were synthesized and characterized in this study. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells were cultured and exposed to rSeNPs at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 100 μg rSeNP/mL media for 1–3 days. The toxicity of rSeNP toward HNSCC and HDFs was analyzed. Results indicated that the particles were approximately four times as cytotoxic toward HNSCC compared to HDFs, with their respective IC50 values at 19.22 and 59.61 μg rSeNP/mL media. Using statistical analysis, an effective dosage range for killing HNSCC cells while simultaneously minimizing damage to HDFs over a 3-day incubation period was established at 20–55 μg rSeNP/mL media. Observations showed that doses of rSeNP <5 μg rSeNP/mL media resulted in cell proliferation. Transmission electron microscopy images of HNSCC and HDF cells, both treated with rSeNPs, revealed that the rSeNPs became localized in the cytoplasm near the lysosomes and mitochondria. Analysis of cell morphology showed that the rSeNPs primarily induced HNSCC apoptosis. Collectively, these results indicated that rSeNPs are a promising option for treating HNSCC without adversely affecting healthy cells and without resorting to the use of harmful chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Chen F, Zhang XH, Hu XD, Zhang W, Lou ZC, Xie LH, Liu PD, Zhang HQ. Enhancement of radiotherapy by ceria nanoparticles modified with neogambogic acid in breast cancer cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:4957-69. [PMID: 26316742 PMCID: PMC4542556 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s82980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the main strategies for cancer treatment but has significant challenges, such as cancer cell resistance and radiation damage to normal tissue. Radiosensitizers that selectively increase the susceptibility of cancer cells to radiation can enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy. We report here the development of a novel radiosensitizer consisting of monodispersed ceria nanoparticles (CNPs) covered with the anticancer drug neogambogic acid (NGA-CNPs). These were used in conjunction with radiation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and the efficacy and mechanisms of action of this combined treatment approach were evaluated. NGA-CNPs potentiated the toxic effects of radiation, leading to a higher rate of cell death than either treatment used alone and inducing the activation of autophagy and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, while pretreatment with NGA or CNPs did not improve the rate of radiation-induced cancer cells death. However, NGA-CNPs decreased both endogenous and radiation-induced reactive oxygen species formation, unlike other nanomaterials. These results suggest that the adjunctive use of NGA-CNPs can increase the effectiveness of radiotherapy in breast cancer treatment by lowering the radiation doses required to kill cancer cells and thereby minimizing collateral damage to healthy adjacent tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Hong Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Dan Hu
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Chao Lou
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hua Xie
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Dang Liu
- Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Qian Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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20
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Feng X, Chen A, Zhang Y, Wang J, Shao L, Wei L. Central nervous system toxicity of metallic nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:4321-40. [PMID: 26170667 PMCID: PMC4498719 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s78308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) are increasingly used for the therapy, diagnosis, and monitoring of disease- or drug-induced mechanisms in the human biological system. In view of their small size, after certain modifications, NMs have the capacity to bypass or cross the blood–brain barrier. Nanotechnology is particularly advantageous in the field of neurology. Examples may include the utilization of nanoparticle (NP)-based drug carriers to readily cross the blood–brain barrier to treat central nervous system (CNS) diseases, nanoscaffolds for axonal regeneration, nanoelectromechanical systems in neurological operations, and NPs in molecular imaging and CNS imaging. However, NPs can also be potentially hazardous to the CNS in terms of nano-neurotoxicity via several possible mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, autophagy, and lysosome dysfunction, and the activation of certain signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the dual effect of NMs on the CNS and the mechanisms involved. The limitations of the current research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Feng
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijie Chen
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Wei
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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21
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Feng X, Chen A, Zhang Y, Wang J, Shao L, Wei L. Application of dental nanomaterials: potential toxicity to the central nervous system. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:3547-65. [PMID: 25999717 PMCID: PMC4437601 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s79892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials are defined as materials with one or more external dimensions with a size of 1-100 nm. Such materials possess typical nanostructure-dependent properties (eg, chemical, biological, optical, mechanical, and magnetic), which may differ greatly from the properties of their bulk counterparts. In recent years, nanomaterials have been widely used in the production of dental materials, particularly in light polymerization composite resins and bonding systems, coating materials for dental implants, bioceramics, endodontic sealers, and mouthwashes. However, the dental applications of nanomaterials yield not only a significant improvement in clinical treatments but also growing concerns regarding their biosecurity. The brain is well protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which separates the blood from the cerebral parenchyma. However, in recent years, many studies have found that nanoparticles (NPs), including nanocarriers, can transport through the BBB and locate in the central nervous system (CNS). Because the CNS may be a potential target organ of the nanomaterials, it is essential to determine the neurotoxic effects of NPs. In this review, possible dental nanomaterials and their pathways into the CNS are discussed, as well as related neurotoxicity effects underlying the in vitro and in vivo studies. Finally, we analyze the limitations of the current testing methods on the toxicological effects of nanomaterials. This review contributes to a better understanding of the nano-related risks to the CNS as well as the further development of safety assessment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Feng
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijie Chen
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Wei
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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22
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Chiu HW, Xia T, Lee YH, Chen CW, Tsai JC, Wang YJ. Cationic polystyrene nanospheres induce autophagic cell death through the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:736-46. [PMID: 25429417 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05509h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been used to produce a wide range of products that have applications in imaging and drug delivery in medicine. Due to their chemical stability, well-controlled sizes and surface charges, polystyrene (PS) NPs have been developed as biosensors and drug delivery carriers. However, the possible adverse biological effects and underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Recently, autophagy has been implicated in the regulation of cell death. In this study, we evaluated a library of PS NPs with different surface charges. We found that NH2-labeled polystyrene (NH2-PS) nanospheres were highly toxic with enhanced uptake in macrophage (RAW 264.7) and lung epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. Furthermore, NH2-PS could induce autophagic cell death. NH2-PS increased autophagic flux due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress caused by misfolded protein aggregation. The inhibition of ER stress decreased cytotoxicity and autophagy in the NH2-PS-treated cells. In addition, the Akt/mTOR and AMPK signaling pathways were involved in the regulation of NH2-PS-triggered autophagic cell death. These results suggest an important role of autophagy in cationic NP-induced cell death and provide mechanistic insights into the inhibition of the toxicity and safe material design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Chiu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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23
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Li R, Ji Z, Qin H, Kang X, Sun B, Wang M, Chang CH, Wang X, Zhang H, Zou H, Nel AE, Xia T. Interference in autophagosome fusion by rare earth nanoparticles disrupts autophagic flux and regulation of an interleukin-1β producing inflammasome. ACS NANO 2014; 8:10280-92. [PMID: 25251502 PMCID: PMC4213039 DOI: 10.1021/nn505002w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) including multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and rare earth oxide (REO) nanoparticles, which are capable of activating the NLRP3 inflammasome and inducing IL-1β production, have the potential to cause chronic lung toxicity. Although it is known that lysosome damage is an upstream trigger in initiating this pro-inflammatory response, the same organelle is also an important homeostatic regulator of activated NLRP3 inflammasome complexes, which are engulfed by autophagosomes and then destroyed in lysosomes after fusion. Although a number of ENMs have been shown to induce autophagy, no definitive research has been done on the homeostatic regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome during autophagic flux. We used a myeloid cell line (THP-1) and bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) to compare the role of autophagy in regulating inflammasome activation and IL-1β production by MWCNTs and REO nanoparticles. THP-1 cells express a constitutively active autophagy pathway and are also known to mimic NLRP3 activation in pulmonary macrophages. We demonstrate that, while activated NLRP3 complexes could be effectively removed by autophagosome fusion in cells exposed to MWCNTs, REO nanoparticles interfered in autophagosome fusion with lysosomes. This leads to the accumulation of the REO-activated inflammasomes, resulting in robust and sustained IL-1β production. The mechanism of REO nanoparticle interference in autophagic flux was clarified by showing that they disrupt lysosomal phosphoprotein function and interfere in the acidification that is necessary for lysosome fusion with autophagosomes. Binding of LaPO4 to the REO nanoparticle surfaces leads to urchin-shaped nanoparticles collecting in the lysosomes. All considered, these data demonstrate that in contradistinction to autophagy induction by some ENMs, specific materials such as REOs interfere in autophagic flux, thereby disrupting homeostatic regulation of activated NLRP3 complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Li
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zhaoxia Ji
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hongqiang Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xuedong Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Bingbing Sun
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Meiying Wang
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiang Wang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hanfa Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R & A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China
| | - Andre E. Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Address correspondence to ,
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Address correspondence to ,
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24
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He X, Aker WG, Hwang HM. An in vivo study on the photo-enhanced toxicities of S-doped TiO2 nanoparticles to zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) in terms of malformation, mortality, rheotaxis dysfunction, and DNA damage. Nanotoxicology 2014; 8 Suppl 1:185-95. [PMID: 24766231 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2013.874050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of light on the acute toxicities of S-doped and Sigma TiO2 nanoparticles in zebrafish was studied. Metrics included mortality for both, and rheotaxis dysfunction and DNA damage for S-doped only. It was found that the acute toxicity of S-TiO2 nanoparticles was enhanced by simulated sunlight (SSL) irradiation (96-h LC50 of 116.56 ppm) and exceeded that of Sigma TiO2, which was essentially non-toxic. Behavioral disorder, in terms of rheotaxis, was significantly increased by treatment with S-TiO2 nanoparticles under SSL irradiation. In order to further understand its toxicity mechanism, we investigated hair cells in neuromasts of the posterior lateral line (PLL) using DASPEI staining. Significant hair cell damage was observed in the treated larvae. The Comet assay was employed to investigate the DNA damage, which might be responsible for the loss of hair cells. Production of the superoxide anion ([Formula: see text]), a major ROS generated by TiO2 nanoparticles, was assayed and used to postulate causative factors to account for these damages. Oxidative effects were most severe in the liver, heart, intestine, pancreatic duct, and pancreatic islet - results consistent with our earlier findings in the investigation of embryonic malformation. TEM micrographs, used to further investigate the fate of S-TiO2 nanoparticles at the cellular level, suggested receptor-mediated autophagy and vacuolization. Our findings validate the benefit of using the transparent zebrafish embryo as an in vivo model for evaluating photo-induced nanotoxicity. These results highlight the importance of conducting a systematic risk assessment in connection with the use of doped TiO2 nanoparticles in aquatic ecosystems.
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25
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Abstract
Phenomenal advances in nanotechnology and nanoscience have been accompanied by exciting progress in de novo design of nanomedicines. Nanoparticles with their large space of structural amenability and excellent mechanical and electrical properties have become ideal candidates for high efficacy nanomedicines in both diagnostics and therapeutics. The therapeutic nanomedicines can be further categorized into nanocarriers for conventional drugs and nanodrugs with direct curing of target diseases. Here we review some of the recent advances in de novo design of nanodrugs, with an emphasis on the molecular level understanding of their interactions with biological systems including key proteins and cell membranes. We also include some of the latest advances in the development of nanocarriers with both passive and active targeting for completeness. These studies may shed light on a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind these nanodrugs, and also provide new insights and direction for the future design of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixing Yang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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26
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Hemmer E, Venkatachalam N, Hyodo H, Hattori A, Ebina Y, Kishimoto H, Soga K. Upconverting and NIR emitting rare earth based nanostructures for NIR-bioimaging. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:11339-61. [PMID: 23938606 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr02286b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, significant progress was achieved in the field of nanomedicine and bioimaging, but the development of new biomarkers for reliable detection of diseases at an early stage, molecular imaging, targeting and therapy remains crucial. The disadvantages of commonly used organic dyes include photobleaching, autofluorescence, phototoxicity and scattering when UV (ultraviolet) or visible light is used for excitation. The limited penetration depth of the excitation light and the visible emission into and from the biological tissue is a further drawback with regard to in vivo bioimaging. Lanthanide containing inorganic nanostructures emitting in the near-infrared (NIR) range under NIR excitation may overcome those problems. Due to the outstanding optical and magnetic properties of lanthanide ions (Ln(3+)), nanoscopic host materials doped with Ln(3+), e.g. Y2O3:Er(3+),Yb(3+), are promising candidates for NIR-NIR bioimaging. Ln(3+)-doped gadolinium-based inorganic nanostructures, such as Gd2O3:Er(3+),Yb(3+), have a high potential as opto-magnetic markers allowing the combination of time-resolved optical imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of high spatial resolution. Recent progress in our research on over-1000 nm NIR fluorescent nanoprobes for in vivo NIR-NIR bioimaging will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hemmer
- Tokyo University of Science, Center for Technologies against Cancer (CTC), 2669 Yamazaki, 278-0022 Chiba, Japan.
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27
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Jacob NM, Kuruva P, Madras G, Thomas T. Purifying Water Containing Both Anionic and Cationic Species Using a (Zn, Cu)O, ZnO, and Cobalt Ferrite Based Multiphase Adsorbent System. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie402727z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niya Mary Jacob
- Materials
Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveena Kuruva
- Materials
Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Giridhar Madras
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Tiju Thomas
- Materials
Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
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28
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Zhong W, Lü M, Liu L, Sun J, Zhong Z, Zhao Y, Song H. Autophagy as new emerging cellular effect of nanomaterials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-6058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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29
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Chen R, Duan CY, Chen SK, Zhang CY, He T, Li H, Liu YP, Dai RY. The suppressive role of p38 MAPK in cellular vacuole formation. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:1789-99. [PMID: 23444236 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vacuolization of the cytoplasm is one of the dramatic and frequently observed phenomena in various cell types. Cellular vacuoles occur spontaneously or via a wide range of inductive stimuli, but the molecular mechanism involved in this process remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of the p38 and JNK pathways in the formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles. We found that p38 and JNK agonist anisomycin abolishes spontaneous cytoplasmic vacuolization of HepG2 cells through p38 activation, but not through JNK activation. Importantly, blocking the activity of p38 or suppression the expression of p38 elicits cytoplasmic vacuoles formation in various cancer cells. Furthermore, cytoplasmic vacuoles induced by p38 blocking are derived from the perinuclear region. These observations provide direct evidence for a role of p38 signaling in regulating the formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Chen
- Department of Public Health of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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30
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Accelerating the clearance of mutant huntingtin protein aggregates through autophagy induction by europium hydroxide nanorods. Biomaterials 2013; 35:899-907. [PMID: 24169003 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is one of the well-known pathways to accelerate the clearance of protein aggregates, which contributes to the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. Although there are numerous reports that demonstrate the induction of autophagy with small molecules including rapamycin, trehalose and lithium, however, there are few reports mentioning the clearance of aggregate-prone proteins through autophagy induction by nanoparticles. In the present article, we have demonstrated that europium hydroxide [Eu(III)(OH)3] nanorods can reduce huntingtin protein aggregation (EGFP-tagged huntingtin protein with 74 polyQ repeats), responsible for neurodegenerative diseases. Again, we have found that these nanorods induce authentic autophagy flux in different cell lines (Neuro 2a, PC12 and HeLa cells) through the expression of higher levels of characteristic autophagy marker protein LC3-II and degradation of selective autophagy substrate/cargo receptor p62/SQSTM1. Furthermore, depression of protein aggregation clearance through the autophagy blockade has also been observed by using specific inhibitors (wortmannin and chloroquine), indicating that autophagy is involved in the degradation of huntingtin protein aggregation. Since [Eu(III)(OH)3] nanorods can enhance the degradation of huntingtin protein aggregation via autophagy induction, we strongly believe that these nanorods would be useful for the development of therapeutic treatment strategies for various neurodegenerative diseases in near future using nanomedicine approach.
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31
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Abstract
Nanoparticles are presently being studied for optical and biomedical applications such as medical imaging and drug delivery. Nanoparticles impact the cellular environment due to many variables such as size, shape, and composition. How these factors affect cell viability is not fully understood. The purpose of this study is to test the toxicity effects of silver coating (Ag@) Barium Titanium Oxide (BaTiO3) nanoparticles on Rhesus Monkey Retinal Endothelial cells (RhREC's) in culture. The addition of silver to the nanoparticles increases their nonlinear optical properties significantly, making the Ag@BaTiO3 nanoparticles good candidates for nonlinear microscopy contrast agents. We hypothesize that by silver coating nanoparticles, there will be an increase in cell viability at higher concentrations when compared to non-silver coated nanoparticles. RhREC's were treated with BaTiO3 and Ag@BaTiO3 at concentrations of 0, 1.0, 10.0, and 100µg/ml for 24 hours at 37°C + 5%CO2. After 24 hour incubation with respective nanoparticles, cell viability was determined using the trypan blue dye-exclusion method. Treatment with 0, 1.0 and 10.0µg/ml of Ag@BaTiO3 had minimal effect on cell viability, with 90% viable cells remaining at the end of the 24 hours treatment period. However, cells treated with 100µg/ml of Ag@BaTiO3 resulted in a decrease to 51% viable cells. Comparatively, cells treated with 0, 1.0 and 10µg/ml of BaTiO3 had no significant effect on cell viability (90% viable cells after treatment) while the 100µg/ml treatment resulted in a decrease to 29% viable cells. These results show that silver coating of BaTiO3 nanoparticles has a protective effect on cellular toxicity at high concentrations.
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32
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Zhou W, Miao Y, Zhang Y, Liu L, Lin J, Yang JY, Xie Y, Wen L. Induction of cyto-protective autophagy by paramontroseite VO2 nanocrystals. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:165102. [PMID: 23535229 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/16/165102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A variety of inorganic nanomaterials have been shown to induce autophagy, a cellular degradation process critical for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. The overwhelming majority of autophagic responses elicited by nanomaterials were detrimental to cell fate and contributed to increased cell death. A widely held view is that the inorganic nanoparticles, when encapsulated and trapped by autophagosomes, may compromise the normal autophagic process due to the inability of the cells to degrade these materials and thus they manifest a detrimental effect on the well-being of a cell. Here we show that, contrary to this notion, nano-sized paramontroseite VO2 nanocrystals (P-VO2) induced cyto-protective, rather than death-promoting, autophagy in cultured HeLa cells. P-VO2 also caused up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a cellular protein with a demonstrated role in protecting cells against death under stress situations. The autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine significantly inhibited HO-1 up-regulation and increased the rate of cell death in cells treated with P-VO2, while the HO-1 inhibitor protoporphyrin IX zinc (II) (ZnPP) enhanced the occurrence of cell death in the P-VO2-treated cells while having no effect on the autophagic response induced by P-VO2. On the other hand, Y2O3 nanocrystals, a control nanomaterial, induced death-promoting autophagy without affecting the level of expression of HO-1, and the pro-death effect of the autophagy induced by Y2O3. Our results represent the first report on a novel nanomaterial-induced cyto-protective autophagy, probably through up-regulation of HO-1, and may point to new possibilities for exploiting nanomaterial-induced autophagy for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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33
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Zhang Y, Zheng F, Yang T, Zhou W, Liu Y, Man N, Zhang L, Jin N, Dou Q, Zhang Y, Li Z, Wen LP. Tuning the autophagy-inducing activity of lanthanide-based nanocrystals through specific surface-coating peptides. NATURE MATERIALS 2012; 11:817-826. [PMID: 22797828 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The induction of autophagy on exposure of cells to a variety of nanoparticles represents both a safety concern and an application niche for engineered nanomaterials. Here, we show that a short synthetic peptide, RE-1, identified by means of phage display, binds to lanthanide (LN) oxide and upconversion nanocrystals (UCN), forms a stable coating layer on the nanoparticles' surface, and effectively abrogates their autophagy-inducing activity. Furthermore, RE-1 peptide variants exhibit a differentially reduced binding capability, and correspondingly, a varied ability to reduce the autophagic response. We also show that the addition of an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motif to RE-1 enhances autophagy for LN UCN through the interaction with integrins. RE-1 and its variants provide a versatile tool for tuning material-cell interactions to achieve the desired level of autophagy, and may prove useful for the various diagnostic and therapeutic applications of LN-based nanomaterials and nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiao Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
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34
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Stern ST, Adiseshaiah PP, Crist RM. Autophagy and lysosomal dysfunction as emerging mechanisms of nanomaterial toxicity. Part Fibre Toxicol 2012; 9:20. [PMID: 22697169 PMCID: PMC3441384 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-9-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 548] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the potential risks associated with the manufacture, use, and disposal of nanoscale materials, and their mechanisms of toxicity, is important for the continued advancement of nanotechnology. Currently, the most widely accepted paradigms of nanomaterial toxicity are oxidative stress and inflammation, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly defined. This review will highlight the significance of autophagy and lysosomal dysfunction as emerging mechanisms of nanomaterial toxicity. Most endocytic routes of nanomaterial cell uptake converge upon the lysosome, making the lysosomal compartment the most common intracellular site of nanoparticle sequestration and degradation. In addition to the endo-lysosomal pathway, recent evidence suggests that some nanomaterials can also induce autophagy. Among the many physiological functions, the lysosome, by way of the autophagy (macroautophagy) pathway, degrades intracellular pathogens, and damaged organelles and proteins. Thus, autophagy induction by nanoparticles may be an attempt to degrade what is perceived by the cell as foreign or aberrant. While the autophagy and endo-lysosomal pathways have the potential to influence the disposition of nanomaterials, there is also a growing body of literature suggesting that biopersistent nanomaterials can, in turn, negatively impact these pathways. Indeed, there is ample evidence that biopersistent nanomaterials can cause autophagy and lysosomal dysfunctions resulting in toxicological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan T Stern
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Advanced Technology Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Induction of oxidative stress, lysosome activation and autophagy by nanoparticles in human brain-derived endothelial cells. Biochem J 2012; 441:813-21. [PMID: 22026563 DOI: 10.1042/bj20111252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Different types of NPs (nanoparticles) are currently under development for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in the biomedical field, yet our knowledge about their possible effects and fate in living cells is still limited. In the present study, we examined the cellular response of human brain-derived endothelial cells to NPs of different size and structure: uncoated and oleic acid-coated iron oxide NPs (8-9 nm core), fluorescent 25 and 50 nm silica NPs, TiO2 NPs (21 nm mean core diameter) and PLGA [poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)]-PEO [poly(ethylene oxide)] polymeric NPs (150 nm). We evaluated their uptake by the cells, and their localization, generation of oxidative stress and DNA-damaging effects in exposed cells. We show that NPs are internalized by human brain-derived endothelial cells; however, the extent of their intracellular uptake is dependent on the characteristics of the NPs. After their uptake by human brain-derived endothelial cells NPs are transported into the lysosomes of these cells, where they enhance the activation of lysosomal proteases. In brain-derived endothelial cells, NPs induce the production of an oxidative stress after exposure to iron oxide and TiO2 NPs, which is correlated with an increase in DNA strand breaks and defensive mechanisms that ultimately induce an autophagy process in the cells.
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Chan TSY, Nasser F, St-Denis CH, Mandal HS, Ghafari P, Hadjout-Rabi N, C Bols N, Tang XS. Carbon nanotube compared with carbon black: effects on bacterial survival against grazing by ciliates and antimicrobial treatments. Nanotoxicology 2012; 7:251-8. [PMID: 22313189 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.652205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The ingestion and digestion of Escherichia coli by the ciliated protozoan, Tetrahymena thermophila, was investigated after an initial exposure to either water-soluble single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) or to carbon black (CB). Both SWNT and CB were internalised and visible in food vacuoles of ciliates. When presented with E. coli expressing green-fluorescent protein (GFP), these ciliates internalised bacteria as well. However, ciliates that had first internalised SWNT but not CB subsequently externalised or egested vesicle-like structures with fluorescent bacteria inside. These egested bacteria were viable and less susceptible than planktonic E. coli to killing either by the antibiotic, chloramphenicol or the disinfectant, glutaraldehyde. These results suggest that SWNT can alter the intracellular trafficking of vesicles within ciliates, leading to bacterial prey being packaged externally and protected for a time from environmental killing, which could have implications for sewage treatment and for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany S Y Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Khan MI, Mohammad A, Patil G, Naqvi SAH, Chauhan LKS, Ahmad I. Induction of ROS, mitochondrial damage and autophagy in lung epithelial cancer cells by iron oxide nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2011; 33:1477-88. [PMID: 22098780 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy has attracted a great deal of research interest in tumor therapy in recent years. An attempt was made in this direction and now we report that iron oxide NPs synthesized by us selectively induce autophagy in cancer cells (A549) and not in normal cells (IMR-90). It was also noteworthy that autophagy correlated with ROS production as well as mitochondrial damage. Protection of NAC against ROS clearly suggested the implication of ROS in hyper-activation of autophagy and cell death. Pre-treatment of cancer cells with 3-MA also exhibited protection against autophagy and promote cellular viability. Results also showed involvement of classical mTOR pathway in autophagy induction by iron oxide NPs in A549 cells. Our results had shown that bare iron oxide NPs are significantly cytotoxic to human cancer cells (A549) but not to the normal human lung fibroblast cells (IMR-90).In other words our nanoparticles selectively kill cancerous cells. It is encouraging to conclude that iron oxide NPs bear the potential of its applications in biomedicine, such as tumor therapy specifically by inducing autophagy mediated cell death of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Imran Khan
- Fibre Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
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