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Yan Z, Liu Z, Yang B, Zhu X, Song E, Song Y. Long-term pulmonary iron oxide nanoparticles exposure disrupts hepatic iron-lipid homeostasis and increases plaque vulnerability in ApoE -/- mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122905. [PMID: 37951529 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) have attracted great attention due to their extensive applications, which warranted their environmental concerns. Although recent advances have proposed the relevance of Fe3O4 NPs to cardiovascular disease, the intrinsic mechanisms underlying the effects of NPs remain indistinct. ApoE-/- mice were chosen as a long-term exposure model to explore the immanent association between respiratory exposure to Fe3O4 NPs and the development of cardiovascular diseases. Pulmonary exposure to 20 nm and 200 nm Fe3O4 NPS resulted in significant lung injury, and pulmonary histopathological examination displayed inflammatory cell infiltration, septal thickening and alveolar congestion. Intriguingly, liver iron deposition and variations in the hepatic lipid homeostasis were found in Fe3O4 NPs-exposed mice, eventually leading to dyslipidemia, hinting the potential cardiovascular toxicity of Fe3O4 NPs. In addition, we not only found that Fe3O4 NPs exposure increased aortic plaque area, but also increased M1 macrophages in the plaque, which yielding plaque vulnerability in ApoE-/- mice Of note, 20 nm Fe3O4 NPs showed enhanced capability on the progression of atherosclerosis than 200 nm Fe3O4 NPs. This study may propose the potential mechanism for adverse cardiovascular disease induced by Fe3O4 NPs and provide convincing evidence for the safety evaluation of Fe3O4 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zixuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Bingwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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Rissler J, Sjögren MP, Linell J, Hurtig AL, Wollmer P, Löndahl J. An experimental study on lung deposition of inhaled 2 μm particles in relation to lung characteristics and deposition models. Part Fibre Toxicol 2023; 20:40. [PMID: 37875960 PMCID: PMC10594870 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-023-00551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The understanding of inhaled particle respiratory tract deposition is a key link to understand the health effects of particles or the efficiency for medical drug delivery via the lung. However, there are few experimental data on particle respiratory tract deposition, and the existing data deviates considerably when comparing results for particles > 1 μm. METHODS We designed an experimental set-up to measure deposition in the respiratory tract for particles > 1 μm, more specifically 2.3 μm, with careful consideration to minimise foreseen errors. We measured the deposition in seventeen healthy adults (21-68 years). The measurements were performed at tidal breathing, during three consecutive 5-minute periods while logging breathing patterns. Pulmonary function tests were performed, including the new airspace dimension assessment (AiDA) method measuring distal lung airspace radius (rAiDA). The lung characteristics and breathing variables were used in statistical models to investigate to what extent they can explain individual variations in measured deposited particle fraction. The measured particle deposition was compared to values predicted with whole lung models. Model calculations were made for each subject using measured variables as input (e.g., breathing pattern and functional residual capacity). RESULTS The measured fractional deposition for 2.3 μm particles was 0.60 ± 0.14, which is significantly higher than predicted by any of the models tested, ranging from 0.37 ± 0.08 to 0.53 ± 0.09. The multiple-path particle dosimetry (MPPD) model most closely predicted the measured deposition when using the new PNNL lung model. The individual variability in measured particle deposition was best explained by breathing pattern and distal airspace radius (rAiDA) at half inflation from AiDA. All models underestimated inter-subject variability even though the individual breathing pattern and functional residual capacity for each participant was used in the model. CONCLUSIONS Whole lung models need to be tuned and improved to predict the respiratory tract particle deposition of micron-sized particles, and to capture individual variations - a variation that is known to be higher for aged and diseased lungs. Further, the results support the hypothesis that the AiDA method measures dimensions in the peripheral lung and that rAiDA, as measured by the AiDA, can be used to better understand the individual variation in the dose to healthy and diseased lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Rissler
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Lund, 22100, Sweden.
- NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, 22100, Sweden.
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Lund, 22370, Sweden.
| | - Madeleine Peterson Sjögren
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Lund, 22100, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, 22100, Sweden
| | - Julia Linell
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Lund, 22100, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, 22100, Sweden
| | | | - Per Wollmer
- Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden
| | - Jakob Löndahl
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Lund, 22100, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, 22100, Sweden
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Petersson Sjögren M, Kåredal M, Broberg K, Assarsson E, Thuresson S, Dierschke K, Hedmer M, Rissler J, Wollmer P, Löndahl J. Sensitive methods for assessment of lung health in welders and controls. Respir Med 2023; 212:107244. [PMID: 37062499 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Welders are exposed to gas and particle emissions that can cause severe lung disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. It is hard to detect COPD early and therefore mitigating measures may be delayed. The aim of this study was to investigate lung health in welders and evaluate new sensitive methods with potential to assess early onset pulmonary changes in occupational settings. METHODS This study assessed the lung health and symptoms in active welders (n = 28) and controls (n = 17). Lung measurements were performed with standard spirometry and new methods: airspace dimension assessment (AiDA), oscillometry, blood serum biomarkers (club cell secretory protein 16, surfactant protein D, matrix metalloproteinases, fibroblast, hepatocyte growth factor, interleukins), and one urine biomarker (desmosine). RESULTS According to spirometry measurements, all participants had normal lung function. However, prevalence of cough was significantly higher among welders compared with controls and lung changes were found in welders with the novel methods. Welders had significantly higher respiratory system resistance assessed with oscillometry, serum levels of metalloproteinases 9 and hepatocyte growth factor, compared with controls. Airspace dimensions were on average higher among welders compared with controls, but the difference was not significant. The number of welding years correlated with decreased respiratory system reactance and increased serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases 9, interleukin 6, and hepatocyte growth factor. Airspace dimension assessment indices significantly correlated with increasing levels of inflammatory markers and matrix metalloproteinases. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated the potential to use new and more sensitive methods for identification of changes in lungs when standard spirometry failed to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Petersson Sjögren
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; NanoLund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Monica Kåredal
- NanoLund, Lund, Sweden; Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Broberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Assarsson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Thuresson
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; NanoLund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katrin Dierschke
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Hedmer
- NanoLund, Lund, Sweden; Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Rissler
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; NanoLund, Lund, Sweden; RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås, Sweden
| | - Per Wollmer
- Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jakob Löndahl
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; NanoLund, Lund, Sweden.
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Petersson-Sjögren M, Jakobsson J, Aaltonen HL, Nicklasson H, Rissler J, Engström G, Wollmer P, Löndahl J. Airspace Dimension Assessment with Nanoparticles (AiDA) in Comparison to Established Pulmonary Function Tests. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:2777-2790. [PMID: 35782019 PMCID: PMC9241766 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s360271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Airspace Dimensions Assessment with nanoparticles (AiDA) is a new method for non-invasive measurement of pulmonary distal airspaces. The aim of this study was to compare AiDA measurements with other pulmonary function variables to better understand the potential of AiDA in a clinical context. Methods AiDA measurements and pulmonary function tests were performed in 695 subjects as part of the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study. The measurement protocol included spirometry, measurement of diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide, oscillometry and pulmonary computed tomography. AiDA indices were compared to all other pulmonary examination measurements using multivariate statistical analysis. Results Our results show that AiDA measurements were significantly correlated with other pulmonary function examination indices, although covariance was low. We found that AiDA variables explained variance in the data that other lung function variables only influenced to a minor extent. Conclusion We conclude that the AiDA method provides information about the lung that is inaccessible with more conventional lung function techniques.
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Grants
- Lund University. This work was supported by the Swedish Heart and Lung foundation
- the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare
- Swedish Research Council for Environmental, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning, FORMAS
- NanoLund, and The Swedish Research Council, VR
- The main funding body of The Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) is the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation. The study is also funded by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council and VINNOVA (Sweden’s Innovation agency) the University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County council, Linköping University and University Hospital, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Umeå University and University Hospital, Uppsala University and University Hospital
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Petersson-Sjögren
- Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Jakobsson
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - H Laura Aaltonen
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Imaging and Physiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hanna Nicklasson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- MVIC Medicon Valley Inhalation Consortium AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Rissler
- Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Bioeconomy and Health, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Borås, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Per Wollmer
- Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jakob Löndahl
- Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Correspondence: Jakob Löndahl, Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Box 118, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden, Email
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Sharma A, Omidvarborna H, Kumar P. Efficacy of facemasks in mitigating respiratory exposure to submicron aerosols. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126783. [PMID: 34523504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We designed a novel experimental set-up to pseudo-simultaneously measure size-segregated filtration efficiency (ηF), breathing resistance (ηP) and potential usage time (tB) for 11 types of face protective equipment (FPE; four respirators; three medical; and four handmade) in the submicron range. As expected, the highest ηF was exhibited by respirators (97 ± 3%), followed by medical (81 ± 7%) and handmade (47 ± 13%). Similarly, the breathing resistance was highest for respirators, followed by medical and handmade FPE. Combined analysis of efficiency and breathing resistance highlighted trade-offs, i.e. respirators showing the best overall performance across these two indicators, followed by medical and handmade FPE. This hierarchy was also confirmed by quality factor, which is a performance indicator of filters. Detailed assessment of size-segregated aerosols, combined with the scanning electron microscope imaging, revealed material characteristics such as pore density, fiber thickness, filter material and number of layers influence their performance. ηF and ηP showed an inverse exponential decay with time. Using their cross-over point, in combination with acceptable breathability, allowed to estimate tB as 3.2-9.5 h (respirators), 2.6-7.3 h (medical masks) and 4.0-8.8 h (handmade). While relatively longer tB of handmade FPE indicate breathing comfort, they are far less efficient in filtering virus-laden submicron aerosols compared with respirators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Sharma
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Hamid Omidvarborna
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
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6
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Aaltonen HL, Petersson Sjögren M, Jakobsson JKF, Nicklasson H, Diaz S, Sánchez Montiel F, Zackrisson S, Ideböhn V, Engström G, Löndahl J, Wollmer P. Airspace dimension assessment with nanoparticles as a proposed biomarker for emphysema. Thorax 2021; 76:1040-1043. [PMID: 33859054 PMCID: PMC8461447 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-214523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Airspace dimension assessment with nanoparticles (AiDA) is a novel method to measure distal airspace radius non-invasively. In this study, AiDA radii were measured in 618 individuals from the population-based Swedish CArdiopulmonary BioImaging Study, SCAPIS. Subjects with emphysema detected by computed tomography were compared to non-emphysematous subjects. The 47 individuals with mainly mild-to-moderate visually detected emphysema had significantly larger AiDA radii, compared with non-emphysematous subjects (326±48 µm vs 291±36 µm); OR for emphysema per 10 µm: 1.22 (1.13–1.30, p<0.0001). Emphysema according to CT densitometry was similarly associated with larger radii compared with non-emphysematous CT examinations (316±41 µm vs 291 µm±26 µm); OR per 10 µm: 1.16 (1.08–1.24, p<0.0001). The results are in line with comparable studies. The results show that AiDA is a potential biomarker for emphysema in individuals in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Laura Aaltonen
- Department of Translational Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Imaging and Functional Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Jonas K F Jakobsson
- Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University, NanoLund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hanna Nicklasson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sandra Diaz
- Department of Translational Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francisco Sánchez Montiel
- Department of Translational Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Imaging and Functional Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sophia Zackrisson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Imaging and Functional Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jakob Löndahl
- Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University, NanoLund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Wollmer
- Department of Translational Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Imaging and Functional Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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Airspace Dimension Assessment (AiDA) by inhaled nanoparticles: benchmarking with hyperpolarised 129Xe diffusion-weighted lung MRI. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4721. [PMID: 33633165 PMCID: PMC7907057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Enlargements of distal airspaces can indicate pathological changes in the lung, but accessible and precise techniques able to measure these regions are lacking. Airspace Dimension Assessment with inhaled nanoparticles (AiDA) is a new method developed for in vivo measurement of distal airspace dimensions. The aim of this study was to benchmark the AiDA method against quantitative measurements of distal airspaces from hyperpolarised 129Xe diffusion-weighted (DW)-lung magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). AiDA and 129Xe DW-MRI measurements were performed in 23 healthy volunteers who spanned an age range of 23–70 years. The relationship between the 129Xe DW-MRI and AiDA metrics was tested using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Significant correlations were observed between AiDA distal airspace radius (rAiDA) and mean 129Xe apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) (p < 0.005), distributed diffusivity coefficient (DDC) (p < 0.001) and distal airspace dimension (LmD) (p < 0.001). A mean bias of − 1.2 µm towards rAiDA was observed between 129Xe LmD and rAiDA, indicating that rAiDA is a measure of distal airspace dimension. The AiDA R0 intercept correlated with MRI 129Xe α (p = 0.02), a marker of distal airspace heterogeneity. This study demonstrates that AiDA has potential to characterize the distal airspace microstructures and may serve as an alternative method for clinical examination of the lungs.
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Qu G, Wu Q, Zhao B, Miao J, Su L. The promotion effect of novel magnetic nanoparticles on atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability in apolipoprotein E-/- mice. Toxicology 2019; 419:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Jakobsson J, Wollmer P, Löndahl J. Charting the human respiratory tract with airborne nanoparticles: evaluation of the Airspace Dimension Assessment technique. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:1832-1840. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00410.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Airspace Dimension Assessment (AiDA) is a technique to assess lung morphology by measuring lung deposition of inhaled nanoparticles. Nanoparticles deposit in the lungs predominately by diffusion, and average diffusion distances, corresponding to effective airspace radii ( rAiDA), can be inferred from measurements of particle recovery after varied breath holds. Also, particle recovery after a 0-s breath hold ( R0) may hold information about the small conducting airways. This study investigates rAiDA at different volumetric sample depths in the lungs of healthy subjects. Measurements were performed with 50-nm polystyrene nanospheres on 19 healthy subjects aged 17–67 yr. Volumetric sample depths ranged from 200 to 5,000 ml and breath-hold times from 5 to 20 s. At the examined volumetric sample depths, rAiDA values ranged from ~200–600 μm, which correspond to dimensions of the bronchiolar and the gas-exchanging regions of the lungs. R0 decreased with volumetric sample depth and showed more intersubject variation than rAiDA. Correlations were found between the AiDA parameters, anthropometry, and lung function tests, but not between rAiDA and R0. For repeated measurements on 3 subjects over an 18-mo period, rAiDA varied on average within ± 7 μm (± 2.4%). The results indicate that AiDA has potential as an efficient new in vivo technique to assess individual lung properties. The information obtained by such measurements may be of value for lung diagnostics, especially for the distal lungs, which are challenging to examine directly by other means. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to measure effective airspace radii ( rAiDA) at volumetric sample depths 200–5,000 ml in healthy subjects by Airspace Dimension Assessment (AiDA). Observed rAiDA were 200–600 μm, which corresponds to airspaces for the bronchiolar and the gas-exchanging regions around airway generation 14–17. rAiDA correlated with lung function tests and anthropometry. Measurements of rAiDA on 3 subjects over 11–18 mo were within ± 7 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Jakobsson
- Department of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Wollmer
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jakob Löndahl
- Department of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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10
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Collaco JM, Abman SH. Evolving Challenges in Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine. New Opportunities to Reinvigorate the Field. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 198:724-729. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201709-1902pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Collaco
- Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Steven H. Abman
- Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Denver, Colorado
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11
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Jakobsson JKF, Aaltonen HL, Nicklasson H, Gudmundsson A, Rissler J, Wollmer P, Löndahl J. Altered deposition of inhaled nanoparticles in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BMC Pulm Med 2018; 18:129. [PMID: 30081885 PMCID: PMC6080394 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-018-0697-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory tract deposition of airborne particles is a key link to understand their health impact. Experimental data are limited for vulnerable groups such as individuals with respiratory diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in lung deposition of nanoparticles in the distal lung for healthy subjects and subjects with respiratory disease. Methods Lung deposition of nanoparticles (50 and 100 nm) was measured after a 10 s breath-hold for three groups: healthy never-smoking subjects (n = 17), asymptomatic (active and former) smokers (n = 15) and subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 16). Measurements were made at 1300 mL and 1800 mL volumetric lung depth. Each subject also underwent conventional lung function tests, including post bronchodilator FEV1, VC, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, DL,CO. Patients with previously diagnosed respiratory disease underwent a CT-scan of the lungs. Particle lung deposition fraction, was compared between the groups and with conventional lung function tests. Results We found that the deposition fraction was significantly lower for subjects with emphysema compared to the other subjects (p = 0.001–0.01), but no significant differences were found between healthy never-smokers and smokers. Furthermore, the particle deposition correlated with pulmonary function tests, FEV1%Pred (p < 0.05), FEV1/VC%Pred (p < 0.01) and DL,CO (p < 0.0005) when all subjects were included. Furthermore, for subjects with emphysema, deposition fraction correlated strongly with DL,CO (Pearson’s r = 0.80–0.85, p < 0.002) while this correlation was not found within the other groups. Conclusions Lower deposition fraction was observed for emphysematous subjects and this can be explained by enlarged distal airspaces in the lungs. As expected, deposition increases for smaller particles and deeper inhalation. The observed results have implications for exposure assessment of air pollution and dosimetry of aerosol-based drug delivery of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas K F Jakobsson
- Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - H Laura Aaltonen
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hanna Nicklasson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anders Gudmundsson
- Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Rissler
- Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Wollmer
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jakob Löndahl
- Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Abstract
Aerosols are dynamic systems, responding to variations in the surrounding environmental conditions by changing in size, composition and phase. Although, widely used in inhalation therapies, details of the processes occurring on aerosol generation and during inhalation have received little attention. Instead, research has focused on improvements to the formulation of the drug prior to aerosolization and the resulting clinical efficacy of the treatment. Here, we highlight the processes that occur during aerosol generation and inhalation, affecting aerosol disposition when deposited and, potentially, impacting total and regional doses. In particular, we examine the response of aerosol particles to the humid environment of the respiratory tract, considering both the capacity of particles to grow by absorbing moisture and the timescale for condensation to occur. [Formula: see text].
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Aaltonen HL, Kindvall SS, Jakobsson JK, Löndahl J, Olsson LE, Diaz S, Zackrisson S, Wollmer P. Airspace Dimension Assessment with nanoparticles reflects lung density as quantified by MRI. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2989-2995. [PMID: 29861632 PMCID: PMC5968779 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s160331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Airspace Dimension Assessment with inhaled nanoparticles is a novel method to determine distal airway morphology. This is the first empirical study using Airspace Dimension Assessment with nanoparticles (AiDA) to estimate distal airspace radius. The technology is relatively simple and potentially accessible in clinical outpatient settings. Method Nineteen never-smoking volunteers performed nanoparticle inhalation tests at multiple breath-hold times, and the difference in nanoparticle concentration of inhaled and exhaled gas was measured. An exponential decay curve was fitted to the concentration of recovered nanoparticles, and airspace dimensions were assessed from the half-life of the decay. Pulmonary tissue density was measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results The distal airspace radius measured by AiDA correlated with lung tissue density as measured by MRI (ρ = −0.584; p = 0.0086). The linear intercept of the logarithm of the exponential decay curve correlated with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (ρ = 0.549; p = 0.0149). Conclusion The AiDA method shows potential to be developed into a tool to assess conditions involving changes in distal airways, eg, emphysema. The intercept may reflect airway properties; this finding should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Laura Aaltonen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Simon S Kindvall
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Jakob Löndahl
- Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars E Olsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sandra Diaz
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sophia Zackrisson
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Per Wollmer
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Aaltonen HL, Jakobsson JK, Diaz S, Zackrisson S, Piitulainen E, Löndahl J, Wollmer P. Deposition of inhaled nanoparticles is reduced in subjects with COPD and correlates with the extent of emphysema: proof of concept for a novel diagnostic technique. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2018; 38:1008-1014. [PMID: 29635884 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often based on spirometry, which is not sensitive to early emphysema. We have recently described a method for assessing distal airspace dimensions by measuring recovery of nanoparticles in exhaled air after a single-breath inhalation followed by breath-hold. Recovery refers to the non-deposited particle fraction. The aim of this study was to explore differences in the recovery of exhaled nanoparticles in subjects with COPD and never-smoking controls. A secondary aim was to determine whether recovery correlates with the extent of emphysema. METHOD A total of 19 patients with COPD and 19 controls underwent three repeats of single-breath nanoparticle inhalation followed by breath-hold. Particle concentrations in the inhaled aerosol, and in an alveolar sample exhaled after breath-hold, were measured to obtain recovery. FINDINGS The patients with COPD had a significantly higher mean recovery than controls, 0·128 ± 0·063 versus 0·074 ± 0·058; P = 0·010. Also, recovery correlated significantly with computed tomography (CT) densitometry variables (P<0·01) and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DL,CO ; P = 0·002). INTERPRETATION Higher recovery for emphysema patients, relative to controls, is explained by larger diffusion distances in enlarged distal airspaces. The nanoparticle inhalation method shows potential to be developed towards a tool to diagnose emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Aaltonen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J K Jakobsson
- Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - S Diaz
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - S Zackrisson
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - E Piitulainen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Löndahl
- Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - P Wollmer
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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15
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New perspectives in nanotherapeutics for chronic respiratory diseases. Biophys Rev 2017; 9:793-803. [PMID: 28914424 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), hundreds of millions of people of all ages and in all countries suffer from chronic respiratory diseases, with particular negative consequences such as poor health-related quality of life, impaired work productivity, and limitations in the activities of daily living. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, occupational lung diseases (such as silicosis), cystic fibrosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension are the most common of these diseases, and none of them are curable with current therapies. The advent of nanotechnology holds great therapeutic promise for respiratory conditions, because non-viral vectors are able to overcome the mucus and lung remodeling barriers, increasing pharmacologic and therapeutic potency. It has been demonstrated that the extent of pulmonary nanoparticle uptake depends not only on the physical and chemical features of nanoparticles themselves, but also on the health status of the organism; thus, the huge diversity in nanotechnology could revolutionize medicine, but safety assessment is a challenging task. Within this context, the present review discusses some of the major new perspectives in nanotherapeutics for lung disease and highlights some of the most recent studies in the field.
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Jakobsson JKF, Hedlund J, Kumlin J, Wollmer P, Löndahl J. A new method for measuring lung deposition efficiency of airborne nanoparticles in a single breath. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36147. [PMID: 27819335 PMCID: PMC5098138 DOI: 10.1038/srep36147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of respiratory tract deposition of nanoparticles is a key link to understanding their health impacts. An instrument was developed to measure respiratory tract deposition of nanoparticles in a single breath. Monodisperse nanoparticles are generated, inhaled and sampled from a determined volumetric lung depth after a controlled residence time in the lung. The instrument was characterized for sensitivity to inter-subject variability, particle size (22, 50, 75 and 100 nm) and breath-holding time (3–20 s) in a group of seven healthy subjects. The measured particle recovery had an inter-subject variability 26–50 times larger than the measurement uncertainty and the results for various particle sizes and breath-holding times were in accordance with the theory for Brownian diffusion and values calculated from the Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry model. The recovery was found to be determined by residence time and particle size, while respiratory flow-rate had minor importance in the studied range 1–10 L/s. The instrument will be used to investigate deposition of nanoparticles in patients with respiratory disease. The fast and precise measurement allows for both diagnostic applications, where the disease may be identified based on particle recovery, and for studies with controlled delivery of aerosol-based nanomedicine to specific regions of the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas K F Jakobsson
- Div. of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology (EAT), Dep. of Design Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.,NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Hedlund
- Div. of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology (EAT), Dep. of Design Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - John Kumlin
- Div. of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology (EAT), Dep. of Design Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Wollmer
- Dept. of Translational Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 00, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jakob Löndahl
- Div. of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology (EAT), Dep. of Design Sciences, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.,NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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