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Liu Q, Liu C, Lei B. siRNA Mediated Downregulation of RhoA Expression Reduces Oxidative Induced Apoptosis in Retinal Ganglion Cells. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:630-636. [PMID: 37171014 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230511095628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness. Apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is an important mechanism of glaucomatous optic injury. Rho kinase expression is significantly increased in apoptotic RGCs. This study aimed to investigate the role of RhoA, a Rho GTPase, on the survival of RGCs and further to explore its potential therapeutic applications. METHODS RGCs were treated with siRhoA for 24 hours in vitro. Knockdown of RhoA was confirmed with quantitative RT-PCR. Oxidative stress was induced by treating the RGCs with 200 μM of H2O2 for 1 hour, and apoptosis of RGCs was quantified with TUNEL assay in situ, and with flow cytometry. The mRNA expression levels of RhoA, Nogo receptor, caspase 3 and Bcl-2 were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR, and the protein levels of RhoA, ROCK1, ROCK2, Nogo receptor, caspase 3 and Bcl-2 were evaluated by Western blot. We found siRhoA treatment efficiently downregulated the expression of RhoA in RGCs and protected against H2O2-induced injury in RGCs in vitro. Apoptosis of RGC cells under oxidative stress was quantified in situ using TUNEL assay and confirmed with flow cytometry (FCM). RESULTS With the knockdown of RhoA, the expression of ROCK1, ROCK2, Nogo Receptor, Casepase-3 were decreased, while the expression of Bcl-2 was increased in both mRNA and protein level. Our data indicated that siRhoA prevented H2O2-induced apoptosis in RGC cells by modulating the RhoA/ROCK pathway. CONCLUSION The results suggested that siRhoA may exert potentially effective neuroprotection for RGCs by reducing injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Changgeng Liu
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital and Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
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Gupta B, Sharma PK, Malviya R. Carbon Nanotubes for Targeted Therapy: Safety, Efficacy, Feasibility and Regulatory Aspects. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:81-99. [PMID: 38185892 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128282085231226065407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
It is crucial that novel and efficient drug delivery techniques be created in order to improve the pharmacological profiles of a wide variety of classes of medicinal compounds. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have recently come to the forefront as an innovative and very effective technique for transporting and translocating medicinal compounds. CNTs were suggested and aggressively researched as multifunctional novel transporters designed for targeted pharmaceutical distribution and used in diagnosis. CNTs can act as vectors for direct administration of pharmaceuticals, particularly chemotherapeutic medications. Multi-walled CNTs make up the great majority of CNT transporters, and these CNTs were used in techniques to target cancerous cells. It is possible to employ Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to transport bioactive peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, and medicines by functionalizing them with these substances. Due to their low toxicity and absence of immunogenicity, carbon nanotubes are not immunogenic. Ammonium-functionalized carbon nanotubes are also attractive vectors for gene-encoding nucleic acids. CNTs that have been coupled with antigenic peptides have the potential to be developed into a novel and efficient approach for the use of synthetic vaccines. CNTs bring up an enormous number of new avenues for future medicine development depending on targets within cells, which have until now been difficult to access. This review focuses on the numerous applications of various CNT types used as medicine transport systems and on the utilization of CNTs for therapeutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Habib S, Singh M. Carbon-based Nanomaterials for delivery of small RNA molecules: a focus on potential cancer treatment applications. Pharm Nanotechnol 2022; 10:PNT-EPUB-124198. [PMID: 35670355 DOI: 10.2174/2211738510666220606102906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleic acid-mediated therapy holds immense potential in the treatment of recalcitrant human diseases such as cancer. This is underscored by advances in understanding the mechanisms of gene regulation. In particular, the endogenous protective mechanism of gene silencing known as RNA interference (RNAi) has been extensively exploited. METHODS We review here the developments from 2011 to 2021, in the use of nanographene oxide, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, carbon nanohorns, carbon nanodots and nanodiamonds for the delivery of therapeutic small RNA molecules. RESULTS Appropriately designed effector molecules such as small interfering RNA (siRNA), can, in theory, silence the expression of any disease-causing gene. Alternatively, siRNA can be generated in vivo through the introduction of plasmid-based short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression vectors. Other small RNAs such as micro RNA (miRNA) also function in post-transcriptional gene regulation and are aberrantly expressed under disease conditions. The miRNA-based therapy involves either restoration of miRNA function through the introduction of miRNA mimics; or the inhibition of miRNA function by delivering anti-miRNA oligomers. However, the large size, hydrophilicity, negative charge and nuclease-sensitivity of nucleic acids necessitate an appropriate carrier for their introduction as medicine into cells. CONCLUSION While numerous organic and inorganic materials have been investigated for this purpose, the perfect carrier agent remains elusive. In recent years, carbon-based nanomaterials have received widespread attention in biotechnology due to their tunable surface characteristics, mechanical, electrical, optical and chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saffiya Habib
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Moganavelli Singh
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, South Africa
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Guzmán-Mendoza JJ, Chávez-Flores D, Montes-Fonseca SL, González-Horta C, Orrantia-Borunda E, Sánchez-Ramírez B. A Novel Method for Carbon Nanotube Functionalization Using Immobilized Candida antarctica Lipase. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1465. [PMID: 35564174 PMCID: PMC9105613 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been proposed as nanovehicles for drug or antigen delivery since they can be functionalized with different biomolecules. For this purpose, different types of molecules have been chemically bonded to CNTs; however, this method has low efficiency and generates solvent waste. Candida antarctica lipase is an enzyme that, in an organic solvent, can bind a carboxylic to a hydroxyl group by esterase activity. The objective of this work was to functionalize purified CNTs with insulin as a protein model using an immobilized lipase of Candida antarctica to develop a sustainable functionalization method with high protein attachment. The functionalized CNTs were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The enzymatic functionalization of insulin on the surface of the CNTs was found to have an efficiency of 21%, which is higher in conversion and greener than previously reported by the diimide-activated amidation method. These results suggest that enzymatic esterification is a convenient and efficient method for CNT functionalization with proteins. Moreover, this functionalization method can be used to enhance the cellular-specific release of proteins by lysosomal esterases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Jesús Guzmán-Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario s/n Campus II, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; (J.J.G.-M.); (D.C.-F.); (C.G.-H.)
| | - David Chávez-Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario s/n Campus II, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; (J.J.G.-M.); (D.C.-F.); (C.G.-H.)
| | - Silvia Lorena Montes-Fonseca
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Heroico Colegio Militar 4700, Col. Nombre de Dios, Chihuahua 31300, Mexico;
| | - Carmen González-Horta
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario s/n Campus II, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; (J.J.G.-M.); (D.C.-F.); (C.G.-H.)
| | - Erasmo Orrantia-Borunda
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV), Miguel de Cervantes 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico;
| | - Blanca Sánchez-Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario s/n Campus II, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; (J.J.G.-M.); (D.C.-F.); (C.G.-H.)
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Rahamathulla M, Bhosale RR, Osmani RAM, Mahima KC, Johnson AP, Hani U, Ghazwani M, Begum MY, Alshehri S, Ghoneim MM, Shakeel F, Gangadharappa HV. Carbon Nanotubes: Current Perspectives on Diverse Applications in Targeted Drug Delivery and Therapies. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6707. [PMID: 34772234 PMCID: PMC8588285 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Current discoveries as well as research findings on various types of carbon nanostructures have inspired research into their utilization in a number of fields. These carbon nanostructures offer uses in pharmacy, medicine and different therapies. One such unique carbon nanostructure includes carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which are one-dimensional allotropes of carbon nanostructure that can have a length-to-diameter ratio greater than 1,000,000. After their discovery, CNTs have drawn extensive research attention due to their excellent material properties. Their physical, chemical and electronic properties are excellent and their composites provide great possibilities for enormous nanometer applications. The current study provides a systematic review based on prior literature review and data gathered from various sources. The various research studies from many research labs and organizations were systematically retrieved, collected, compiled and written. The entire collection and compilation of this review concluded the use of CNT approaches and their efficacy and safety for the treatment of various diseases such as brain tumors or cancer via nanotechnology-based drug delivery, phototherapy, gene therapy, antiviral therapy, antifungal therapy, antibacterial therapy and other biomedical applications. The current review covers diverse applications of CNTs in designing a range of targeted drug delivery systems and application for various therapies. It concludes with a discussion on how CNTs based medicines can expand in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Rahamathulla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.); (U.H.); (M.G.); (M.Y.B.)
| | - Rohit R. Bhosale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Krishna Institute of Pharmacy, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences “Deemed To Be University”, Karad 415539, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Riyaz A. M. Osmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (R.A.M.O.); (K.C.M.); (A.P.J.)
| | - Kasturi C. Mahima
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (R.A.M.O.); (K.C.M.); (A.P.J.)
| | - Asha P. Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (R.A.M.O.); (K.C.M.); (A.P.J.)
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.); (U.H.); (M.G.); (M.Y.B.)
| | - Mohammed Ghazwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.); (U.H.); (M.G.); (M.Y.B.)
| | - Mohammed Y. Begum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (M.R.); (U.H.); (M.G.); (M.Y.B.)
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (F.S.)
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (F.S.)
| | - Hosahalli V. Gangadharappa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (R.A.M.O.); (K.C.M.); (A.P.J.)
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6
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Sohail M, Guo W, Li Z, Xu H, Zhao F, Chen D, Fu F. Nanocarrier-based Drug Delivery System for Cancer Therapeutics: A Review of the Last Decade. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3753-3772. [PMID: 33019919 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201005111722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, due to the shortcomings of conventional chemotherapy, such as poor bioavailability, low treatment index, and unclear side effects, the focus of cancer research has shifted to new nanocarriers of chemotherapeutic drugs. By using biodegradable materials, nanocarriers generally have the advantages of good biocompatibility, low side effects, targeting, controlled release profile, and improved efficacy. More to the point, nanocarrier based anti-cancer drug delivery systems clearly show the potential to overcome the problems associated with conventional chemotherapy. In order to promote the in-depth research and development in this field, we herein summarized and analyzed various nanocarrier based drug delivery systems for cancer therapy, including the concepts, types, characteristics, and preparation methods. The active and passive targeting mechanisms of cancer therapy were also included, along with a brief introduction of the research progress of nanocarriers used for anti-cancer drug delivery in the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Wenna Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Daquan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Fenghua Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Yantai University, Yantai, China
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7
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Zare H, Ahmadi S, Ghasemi A, Ghanbari M, Rabiee N, Bagherzadeh M, Karimi M, Webster TJ, Hamblin MR, Mostafavi E. Carbon Nanotubes: Smart Drug/Gene Delivery Carriers. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:1681-1706. [PMID: 33688185 PMCID: PMC7936533 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s299448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (such as their high surface to volume ratios, enhanced conductivity and strength, biocompatibility, ease of functionalization, optical properties, etc.) have led to their consideration to serve as novel drug and gene delivery carriers. CNTs are effectively taken up by many different cell types through several mechanisms. CNTs have acted as carriers of anticancer molecules (including docetaxel (DTX), doxorubicin (DOX), methotrexate (MTX), paclitaxel (PTX), and gemcitabine (GEM)), anti-inflammatory drugs, osteogenic dexamethasone (DEX) steroids, etc. In addition, the unique optical properties of CNTs have led to their use in a number of platforms for improved photo-therapy. Further, the easy surface functionalization of CNTs has prompted their use to deliver different genes, such as plasmid DNA (PDNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), and small interfering RNA (siRNA) as gene delivery vectors for various diseases such as cancers. However, despite all of these promises, the most important continuous concerns raised by scientists reside in CNT nanotoxicology and the environmental effects of CNTs, mostly because of their non-biodegradable state. Despite a lack of widespread FDA approval, CNTs have been studied for decades and plenty of in vivo and in vitro reports have been published, which are reviewed here. Lastly, this review covers the future research necessary for the field of CNT medicine to grow even further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Zare
- Advances Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Science and Engineering Department, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ghasemi
- Department of Engineering, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Ghanbari
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, MA, Iran
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, MA, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, MA, Iran
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Singh A, Hua Hsu M, Gupta N, Khanra P, Kumar P, Prakash Verma V, Kapoor M. Derivatized Carbon Nanotubes for Gene Therapy in Mammalian and Plant Cells. Chempluschem 2021; 85:466-475. [PMID: 32159284 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The concept of gene vectors for therapeutic applications has been known for several years, but it is far from revealing its actual potential. With the advent of hollow cylindrical carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), researchers have invented several new tools to deliver genes at the required site of action in mammalian and plant cells. The ease of diversified functionalization has allowed CNTs to be by far the most adaptable non-viral vector for gene therapy. This Minireview addresses the dexterity with which CNTs undergo surface modifications and their applications as a potent vector in gene therapy of humans and plants. Specifically, we will discuss the new tools that scientific communities have invented to achieve gene therapy using plasmid DNA, RNA silencing, suicide gene therapy, and plant genetic engineering. Additionally, we will shed some light on the mechanism of gene transportation using carbon nanotubes in cancer cells and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhish Singh
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Ming Hua Hsu
- National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 500, R.O.C. Taiwan
| | - Neeraj Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Shoolni University, Solon, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Partha Khanra
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Ved Prakash Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Newai-Jodhpuriya Road, Vanasthali, 304022, India
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
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The role of single- and multi-walled carbon nanotube in breast cancer treatment. Ther Deliv 2020; 11:653-672. [DOI: 10.4155/tde-2020-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have been conducted to design new strategies for breast cancer treatment. Past studies have shown a wide range of carbon-nanomaterials properties, such as single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this regard, the current study aims to review the role of both SWCNTs and MWCNTs in breast cancer treatment and diagnosis. For reaching this goal, we reviewed the literature by using various searching engines such as Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and MEDLINE. This comprehensive review showed that CNTs could dramatically improve breast cancer treatment and could be used as a novel modality to increase diagnostic accuracy; however, no clinical studies have been conducted based on CNTs. In addition, the literature review demonstrates a lack of enough studies to evaluate the side effects of using CNTs.
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10
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Far-red light-mediated programmable anti-cancer gene delivery in cooperation with photodynamic therapy. Biomaterials 2018; 171:72-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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