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Biocompatibility and Mechanical Stability of Nanopatterned Titanium Films on Stainless Steel Vascular Stents. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094595. [PMID: 35562988 PMCID: PMC9099593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoporous ceramic coatings such as titania are promoted to produce drug-free cardiovascular stents with a low risk of in-stent restenosis (ISR) because of their selectivity towards vascular cell proliferation. The brittle coatings applied on stents are prone to cracking because they are subjected to plastic deformation during implantation. This study aims to overcome this problem by using a unique process without refraining from biocompatibility. Accordingly, a titanium film with 1 µm thickness was deposited on 316 LVM stainless-steel sheets using magnetron sputtering. Then, the samples were anodized to produce nanoporous oxide. The nanoporous oxide was removed by ultrasonication, leaving an approximately 500 nm metallic titanium layer with a nanopatterned surface. XPS studies revealed the presence of a 5 nm-thick TiO2 surface layer with a trace amount of fluorinated titanium on nanopatterned surfaces. Oxygen plasma treatment of the nanopatterned surface produced an additional 5 nm-thick fluoride-free oxide layer. The samples did not exhibit any cracking or spallation during plastic deformation. Cell viability studies showed that nanopatterned surfaces stimulate endothelial cell proliferation while reducing the proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Plasma treatment further accelerated the proliferation of endothelial cells. Activation of blood platelets did not occur on oxygen plasma-treated, fluoride-free nanopatterned surfaces. The presented surface treatment method can also be applied to other stent materials such as CoCr, nitinol, and orthopedic implants.
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Shen Z, Wang S, Shen Z, Tang Y, Xu J, Lin C, Chen X, Huang Q. Deciphering controversial results of cell proliferation on TiO 2 nanotubes using machine learning. Regen Biomater 2021; 8:rbab025. [PMID: 34168893 PMCID: PMC8218935 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of biomedical sciences, contradictory results on the relationships between biological responses and material properties emerge continuously, adding to the challenge of interpreting the incomprehensible interfacial process. In the present paper, we use cell proliferation on titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNTs) as a case study and apply machine learning methodologies to decipher contradictory results in the literature. The gradient boosting decision tree model demonstrates that cell density has a higher impact on cell proliferation than other obtainable experimental features in most publications. Together with the variation of other essential features, the controversy of cell proliferation trends on various TNTs is understandable. By traversing all combinational experimental features and the corresponding forecast using an exhausted grid search strategy, we find that adjusting cell density and sterilization methods can simultaneously induce opposite cell proliferation trends on various TNTs diameter, which is further validated by experiments. This case study reveals that machine learning is a burgeoning tool in deciphering controversial results in biomedical researches, opening up an avenue to explore the structure-property relationships of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziao Shen
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Zengcuoan West Road, Siming District, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Si Wang
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Zengcuoan West Road, Siming District, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhenyu Shen
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Zengcuoan West Road, Siming District, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yufei Tang
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Zengcuoan West Road, Siming District, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Junbin Xu
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Zengcuoan West Road, Siming District, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Changjian Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xun Chen
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.16 Xinsan Road, Hi-tech Industrial Park, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Qiaoling Huang
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Zengcuoan West Road, Siming District, Xiamen 361005, China
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Sarraf M, Nasiri-Tabrizi B, Yeong CH, Madaah Hosseini HR, Saber-Samandari S, Basirun WJ, Tsuzuki T. Mixed oxide nanotubes in nanomedicine: A dead-end or a bridge to the future? CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL 2021; 47:2917-2948. [PMID: 32994658 PMCID: PMC7513735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.09.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine has seen a significant rise in the development of new research tools and clinically functional devices. In this regard, significant advances and new commercial applications are expected in the pharmaceutical and orthopedic industries. For advanced orthopedic implant technologies, appropriate nanoscale surface modifications are highly effective strategies and are widely studied in the literature for improving implant performance. It is well-established that implants with nanotubular surfaces show a drastic improvement in new bone creation and gene expression compared to implants without nanotopography. Nevertheless, the scientific and clinical understanding of mixed oxide nanotubes (MONs) and their potential applications, especially in biomedical applications are still in the early stages of development. This review aims to establish a credible platform for the current and future roles of MONs in nanomedicine, particularly in advanced orthopedic implants. We first introduce the concept of MONs and then discuss the preparation strategies. This is followed by a review of the recent advancement of MONs in biomedical applications, including mineralization abilities, biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, cell culture, and animal testing, as well as clinical possibilities. To conclude, we propose that the combination of nanotubular surface modification with incorporating sensor allows clinicians to precisely record patient data as a critical contributor to evidence-based medicine.
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Key Words
- ALP, Alkaline Phosphatase
- APH, Anodization-Cyclic Precalcification-Heat Treatment
- Ag2O NPs, Silver Oxide Nanoparticles
- AgNPs, Silver Nanoparticles
- Anodization
- BIC, Bone-Implant Contact
- Bioassays
- CAGR, Compound Annual Growth Rate
- CT, Computed Tomography
- DMF, Dimethylformamide
- DMSO, Dimethyl Sulfoxide
- DRI, Drug-Releasing Implants
- E. Coli, Escherichia Coli
- ECs, Endothelial Cells
- EG, Ethylene Glycol
- Electrochemistry
- FA, Formamide
- Fe2+, Ferrous Ion
- Fe3+, Ferric Ion
- Fe3O4, Magnetite
- GEP, Gene Expression Programming
- GO, Graphene Oxide
- HA, Hydroxyapatite
- HObs, Human Osteoblasts
- HfO2 NTs, Hafnium Oxide Nanotubes
- IMCs, Intermetallic Compounds
- LEDs, Light emitting diodes
- MEMS, Microelectromechanical Systems
- MONs, Mixed Oxide Nanotubes
- MOPSO, Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization
- MSCs, Mesenchymal Stem Cells
- Mixed oxide nanotubes
- NMF, N-methylformamide
- Nanomedicine
- OPC1, Osteo-Precursor Cell Line
- PSIs, Patient-Specific Implants
- PVD, Physical Vapor Deposition
- RF, Radio-Frequency
- ROS, Radical Oxygen Species
- S. aureus, Staphylococcus Aureus
- S. epidermidis, Staphylococcus Epidermidis
- SBF, Simulated Body Fluid
- TiO2 NTs, Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes
- V2O5, Vanadium Pentoxide
- VSMCs, Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
- XPS, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
- ZrO2 NTs, Zirconium Dioxide Nanotubes
- hASCs, Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Sarraf
- Centre of Advanced Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9466, Azadi Avenue, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Nasiri-Tabrizi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- New Technologies Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Chai Hong Yeong
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Hamid Reza Madaah Hosseini
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9466, Azadi Avenue, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Wan Jefrey Basirun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Takuya Tsuzuki
- Research School of Electrical Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia
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Bai J, Zuo X, Feng X, Sun Y, Ge Q, Wang X, Gao C. Dynamic Titania Nanotube Surface Achieves UV-Triggered Charge Reversal and Enhances Cell Differentiation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:36939-36948. [PMID: 31513367 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive biomaterials supply a promising solution to adapt to the complex physiological environment for different biomedical applications. In this study, a dynamic UV-triggered pH-responsive biosurface was constructed on titania nanotubes (TNTs) by loading photoacid generators, diphenyliodonium chloride, into the nanotubes, and grafting 2,3-dimethyl maleic anhydride (DMMA)-modified hyperbranched poly(l-lysine) (HBPLL) onto the surface. The local acidity was dramatically enhanced by UV irradiation for only 30 s, leading to the dissociation of DMMA and thereby the transformation of surface chemistry from negatively charged caboxyl groups to positively charged amino groups. The TNTs-HBPLL-DMMA substrate could better promote proliferation and spreading of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) after UV irradiation. The osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs was enhanced because of the charge reversal in combination with the titania-based substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Xingang Zuo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Xue Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Yunfeng Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Qunzi Ge
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
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Wang T, Weng Z, Liu X, Yeung KWK, Pan H, Wu S. Controlled release and biocompatibility of polymer/titania nanotube array system on titanium implants. Bioact Mater 2017; 2:44-50. [PMID: 29744410 PMCID: PMC5935010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infection and tissue inflammation are the major causes of early failure of titanium-based orthopedic implants; thus, surgical implants with tunable drug releasing properties represent an appealing way to address some of these problems of bacterial infection and tissue inflammation in early age of orthopedic implants. In this work, a hybrid surface system composed of biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and titania nanotubes (TNTs) has been successfully constructed on Ti implants with the aim of preventing bacterial infection via long-term drug release. By varying the size of the TNTs and the thickness of the polymer film, the drug release profile can be tuned to achieve the optimal therapeutic action throughout the treatment time. The size of TNTs plays a dominant role in the drug loading dose of TNTs/PLGA hybrid coatings. In this work, TNTs with an average size of 80 nm can achieve the largest loading dose. Depending on the polymer thickness, significant improvement in the drug release characteristics is attained, for instance, reduced burst release (from 84% to 27%) and overall release time extended from 5 to over 40 days. In addition, the PLGA layers may favor the proliferation and osteogenesis of MC3T3-E1 mouse cells at an earlier stage. Therefore, this TNT/PLGA hybrid surface system can be employed as an effective bioplatform for improving both self-antibacterial performance and biocompatibility of Ti-based biomaterials. The TNT/PLGA coatings system is successfully constructed on titanium implants. TNTs with an average size of 80 nm can achieve the largest loading dose of ibuprofen. This system shows reduced burst release (from 84% to 27%). This system can achieve long-term release of drugs over 40 days. The surface system exhibits good biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengyang Weng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangmei Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kelvin W K Yeung
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haobo Pan
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shuilin Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.,Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Imani R, Pazoki M, Zupančič D, Kreft ME, Kralj-Iglič V, Veranič P, Iglič A. Biocompatibility of different nanostructured TiO 2 scaffolds and their potential for urologic applications. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:1439-1447. [PMID: 26497540 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite great efforts in tissue engineering of the ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra, further research is needed in order to improve the patient's quality of life and minimize the economic burden of different lower urinary tract disorders. The nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO2) scaffolds have a wide range of clinical applications and are already widely used in orthopedic or dental medicine. The current study was conducted to synthesize TiO2 nanotubes by the anodization method and TiO2 nanowires and nanospheres by the chemical vapor deposition method. These scaffolds were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. In order to test the urologic applicability of generated TiO2 scaffolds, we seeded the normal porcine urothelial (NPU) cells on TiO2 nanotubes, TiO2 nanowires, TiO2 nanospheres, and on the standard porous membrane. The viability and growth of the cells were monitored everyday, and after 3 weeks of culturing, the analysis with scanning electron microscope (SEM) was performed. Our results showed that the NPU cells were attached on all scaffolds; they were viable and formed a multilayered epithelium, i.e., urothelium. The apical plasma membrane of the majority of superficial NPU cells, grown on all three different TiO2 scaffolds and on the porous membrane, exhibited microvilli; thus, indicating that they were at a similar differentiation stage. The maximal caliper diameter measurements of superficial NPU cells revealed significant alterations, with the largest cells being observed on nanowires and the smallest ones on the porous membrane. Our findings indicate that different nanostructured TiO2 scaffolds, especially nanowires, have a great potential for tissue engineering and should be further investigated for various urologic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Imani
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Meysam Pazoki
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daša Zupančič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Kralj-Iglič
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena 5, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Veranič
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Iglič
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Behjati M, Moradi I, Kazemi M. Application of novel anodized titanium for enhanced recruitment of H9C2 cardiac myoblast. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 18:873-7. [PMID: 26526098 PMCID: PMC4620186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anodized treated titanium surfaces, have been proposed as potential surfaces with better cell attachment capacities. We have investigated the adhesion and proliferation properties of H9C2 cardiac myoblasts on anodized treated titanium surface. MATERIALS AND METHODS Surface topography and anodized tubules were examined by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Control and test substrates were inserted to the bottom of 24-well tissue culture plates. Culture media including H9C2 cells were loaded on the surface of substrate and control wells at the second passage. Evaluation of cell growth, proliferation, viability and surface cytotoxicity was performed using MTT test. After 48 hr, some samples were inspected by SEM. DAPI-staining was used to count attached cells. RESULTS MTT results for cells cultured on anodized titanium and unanodized titanium surfaces was equal to 1.56 and 0.55 fold change compared to tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). The surface had no cytotoxic effects on cells. The average cell attachment to TCPS, unanodized and anodized titanium surface was 2497±40.16, 1250±20.11 and 4859.5±54.173, respectively. Cell adhesion to anodized titanium was showed 1.95 and 3.89 fold increase compared to TCPS and unanodized titanium, respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Anodized titanium surfaces can be potentially applied for enhanced recruitment of H9C2 cells. This unique property makes these inexpensive anodized surfaces as a candidate surface for attachment of cardiac cells and consequently for cardiac regeneration purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Behjati
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Heart failure Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Corresponding author: Mohaddeseh Behjati. Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Tel: +98-311-3359090, 3359191, 3359292; Fax: +98-311-3373435;
| | - Iman Moradi
- Nanotechnology Consultancy and Development Center (NCDC), Padova, Italy
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Alpaslan E, Webster TJ. Nanotechnology and picotechnology to increase tissue growth: a summary of in vivo studies. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9 Suppl 1:7-12. [PMID: 24872699 PMCID: PMC4024972 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s58384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of tissue engineering is to develop functional substitutes for damaged tissues or malfunctioning organs. Since only nanomaterials can mimic the surface properties (ie, roughness) of natural tissues and have tunable properties (such as mechanical, magnetic, electrical, optical, and other properties), they are good candidates for increasing tissue growth, minimizing inflammation, and inhibiting infection. Recently, the use of nanomaterials in various tissue engineering applications has demonstrated improved tissue growth compared to what has been achieved until today with our conventional micron structured materials. This short report paper will summarize some of the more relevant advancements nanomaterials have made in regenerative medicine, specifically improving bone and bladder tissue growth. Moreover, this short report paper will also address the continued potential risks and toxicity concerns, which need to be accurately addressed by the use of nanomaterials. Lastly, this paper will emphasize a new field, picotechnology, in which researchers are altering electron distributions around atoms to promote surface energy to achieve similar increased tissue growth, decreased inflammation, and inhibited infection without potential nanomaterial toxicity concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Alpaslan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA ; Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Mathew D, Bhardwaj G, Wang Q, Sun L, Ercan B, Geetha M, Webster TJ. Decreased Staphylococcus aureus and increased osteoblast density on nanostructured electrophoretic-deposited hydroxyapatite on titanium without the use of pharmaceuticals. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1775-81. [PMID: 24748789 PMCID: PMC3986289 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s55733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma-spray deposition of hydroxyapatite on titanium (Ti) has proven to be a suboptimal solution to improve orthopedic-implant success rates, as demonstrated by the increasing number of orthopedic revision surgeries due to infection, implant loosening, and a myriad of other reasons. This could be in part due to the high heat involved during plasma-spray deposition, which significantly increases hydroxyapatite crystal growth into the nonbiologically inspired micron regime. There has been a push to create nanotopographies on implant surfaces to mimic the physiological nanostructure of native bone and, thus, improve osteoblast (bone-forming cell) functions and inhibit bacteria functions. Among the several techniques that have been adopted to develop nanocoatings, electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is an attractive, versatile, and effective material-processing technique. OBJECTIVE The in vitro study reported here aimed to determine for the first time bacteria responses to hydroxyapatite coated on Ti via EPD. RESULTS There were six and three times more osteoblasts on the electrophoretic-deposited hydroxyapatite on Ti compared with Ti (control) and plasma-spray-deposited hydroxyapatite on Ti after 5 days of culture, respectively. Impressively, there were 2.9 and 31.7 times less Staphylococcus aureus on electrophoretic-deposited hydroxyapatite on Ti compared with Ti (control) and plasma-spray-deposited hydroxyapatite on Ti after 18 hours of culture, respectively. CONCLUSION Compared with uncoated Ti and plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coated on Ti, the results provided significant promise for the use of EPD to improve bone-cell density and be used as an antibacterial coating without resorting to the use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Garima Bhardwaj
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India ; Centre for Biomaterials Science and Technology, School of Mechanical and Building Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Program in Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linlin Sun
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Program in Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Batur Ercan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Program in Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manisavagam Geetha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Program in Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA ; Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, University of King Abdulaziz, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Crear J, Kummer KM, Webster TJ. Decreased cervical cancer cell adhesion on nanotubular titanium for the treatment of cervical cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:995-1001. [PMID: 23493522 PMCID: PMC3593771 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s38500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer can be treated by surgical resection, chemotherapy, and/or radiation. Titanium biomaterials have been suggested as a tool to help in the local delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and/or radiation to cervical cancer sites. However, current titanium medical devices used for treating cervical cancer do not by themselves possess any anticancer properties; such devices act as carriers for pharmaceutical agents or radiation sources and may even allow for the growth of cancer cells. Based on studies, which have demonstrated decreased lung, breast, and bone cancer cell functions on nanostructured compared to nanosmooth polymers, the objective of the present in vitro study was to modify titanium to possess nanotubular surface features and determine cervical cancer cell adhesion after 4 hours. Here, titanium was anodized to possess nanotubular surface features. Results demonstrated the ability to decrease cervical cancer cell adhesion by about a half on nanotubular compared to currently used nanosmooth titanium (without the use of chemotherapeutics or radiation), opening up numerous possibilities for the use of nanotubular titanium in local drug delivery or radiation treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jara Crear
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Aw MS, Khalid KA, Gulati K, Atkins GJ, Pivonka P, Findlay DM, Losic D. Characterization of drug-release kinetics in trabecular bone from titania nanotube implants. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:4883-92. [PMID: 23028217 PMCID: PMC3446838 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s33655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the application of the three-dimensional bone bioreactor for studying drug-release kinetics and distribution of drugs in the ex vivo cancellous bone environment, and to demonstrate the application of nanoengineered titanium (Ti) wires generated with titania nanotube (TNT) arrays as drug-releasing implants for local drug delivery METHODS Nanoengineered Ti wires covered with a layer of TNT arrays implanted in bone were used as a drug-releasing implant. Viable bovine trabecular bone was used as the ex vivo bone substrate embedded with the implants and placed in the bone reactor. A hydrophilic fluorescent dye (rhodamine B) was used as the model drug, loaded inside the TNT-Ti implants, to monitor drug release and transport in trabecular bone. The distribution of released model drug in the bone was monitored throughout the bone structure, and concentration profiles at different vertical (0-5 mm) and horizontal (0-10 mm) distances from the implant surface were obtained at a range of release times from 1 hour to 5 days. RESULTS Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that well-ordered, vertically aligned nanotube arrays were formed on the surface of prepared TNT-Ti wires. Thermogravimetric analysis proved loading of the model drug and fluorescence spectroscopy was used to show drug-release characteristics in-vitro. The drug release from implants inserted into bone ex vivo showed a consistent gradual release of model drug from the TNT-Ti implants, with a characteristic three-dimensional distribution into the surrounding bone, over a period of 5 days. The parameters including the flow rate of bone culture medium, differences in trabecular microarchitecture between bone samples, and mechanical loading were found to have the most significant influence on drug distribution in the bone. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the utility of the Zetos™ system for ex vivo drug-release studies in bone, which can be applied to optimize the delivery of specific therapies and to assist in the design of new drug delivery systems. This method has the potential to provide new knowledge to understand drug distribution in the bone environment and to considerably improve existing technologies for local administration in bone, including solving some critical problems in bone therapy and orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moom Sinn Aw
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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