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Curtis KL, Lipner SR. Vitamins for the Management of Nail Disease: A Literature Review. Skin Appendage Disord 2024; 10:104-122. [PMID: 38572190 PMCID: PMC10987071 DOI: 10.1159/000534972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamins have gained popularity among physicians and patients for purported benefits to hair, skin, and nail health. Safe and efficacious therapies for nail disorders, many of which are chronic conditions, are needed. Summary We conducted a literature review of studies assessing the efficacy of oral, topical, and intralesional vitamin/vitamin derivatives for the treatment of nail disorders, including yellow nail syndrome, brittle nail syndrome, onychomycosis, habit-tic nail deformity, periungual/subungual verruca, and nail psoriasis. Forty-nine articles were reviewed. There is good evidence to support the use of topical tazarotene and vitamin D analogs for nail psoriasis treatment. We found overall limited evidence for treatment of other nail disorders with vitamin/vitamin derivatives, and further research is needed to support their use. Key Messages Besides topical tazarotene and vitamin D analogs for nail psoriasis treatment, there is limited evidence for treatment of nail disorders with topical, oral, and intralesional vitamin/vitamin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shari R. Lipner
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Ahmed TA, Ali EMM, Omar AM, Almehmady AM, El‐Say KM. Enhancing Ezetimibe Anticancer Activity Through Development of Drug Nano-Micelles Formulations: A Promising Strategy Supported by Molecular Docking. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:6689-6703. [PMID: 38026536 PMCID: PMC10657552 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s438704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ezetimibe, initially recognized as a cholesterol-lowering agent, has recently attracted attention due to its potential anticancer properties. We aimed to explore an innovative approach of enhancing the drug anticancer activity through the development of drug nano-formulations. Materials and Methods Fifteen different nano-micelles formulations were prepared utilizing D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) and pluronic F127. The prepared formulations were characterized for size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency (EE). The formulations were morphologically characterized using light and transmission electron microscopies and the drug-binding mode with the active site was investigated using the molecular docking. Cell viability against MCF-7 and T47D was studied. Apoptosis and cell cycle were assessed. Results The prepared formulations were in the nano-size range (34.01 ± 2.00-278.34 ± 9.11 nm), zeta potential values were very close to zero, and the TPGS-based micelles formulations showed the highest ezetimibe EE (94.03 ± 1.71%). Morphological study illustrated a well-defined, spherical nanoparticles with a uniform size distribution. Molecular docking demonstrated good interaction of ezetimibe with Interleukin-1 Beta Convertase through multiple hydrogen bonding, covalent bond, and hydrophobic interaction. TPGS-based nano-micelle formulation (F5) demonstrated the lowest IC50 against MCF-7 (4.51 µg/mL) and T47D (8.22 µg/mL) cancer cells. When T47D cells were treated with IC50 concentrations of F5, it exhibited significant inhibition with late apoptosis (43.9%), a response comparable to T47D cells treated with an IC50 dose of ezetimibe. Cell cycle analysis revealed that both ezetimibe and F5-treated T47D cells exhibited an increase in the subG1 phase, indicating reduced DNA content and cell death. Conclusion These findings suggest that F5 could serve as a proficient drug delivery system in augmenting the cytotoxic activity of ezetimibe against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab M M Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelsattar M Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Alshaimaa M Almehmady
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M El‐Say
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Leong MY, Kong YL, Burgess K, Wong WF, Sethi G, Looi CY. Recent Development of Nanomaterials for Transdermal Drug Delivery. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041124. [PMID: 37189742 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano-engineered medical products first appeared in the last decade. The current research in this area focuses on developing safe drugs with minimal adverse effects associated with the pharmacologically active cargo. Transdermal drug delivery, an alternative to oral administration, offers patient convenience, avoids first-pass hepatic metabolism, provides local targeting, and reduces effective drug toxicities. Nanomaterials provide alternatives to conventional transdermal drug delivery including patches, gels, sprays, and lotions, but it is crucial to understand the transport mechanisms involved. This article reviews the recent research trends in transdermal drug delivery and emphasizes the mechanisms and nano-formulations currently in vogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moong Yan Leong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Yeo Lee Kong
- Department of Engineering and Applied Science, America Degree Program, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
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Optimized D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate/phospholipid self-assembled mixed micelles: A promising lipid-based nanoplatform for augmenting the antifungal activity of fluconazole. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2022; 72:547-560. [PMID: 36651360 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2022-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Fluconazole (FLZ) is the most widely used antifungal agent for treating cutaneous candidiasis. Although oral FLZ has been proved to be effective, the incidence of side effects necessitates the development of an effective formulation that could surpass the pitfalls associated with systemic availability. Accordingly, this research aimed at developing a self-assembled mixed micelles topical delivery system to enhance the topical delivery of the drug. Self-assembled mixed micelles were developed using D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate and phospholipids and optimized using Box-Behnken design. The optimized formulation with minimized size was then tested in vivo for the antifungal activity against C. albicans in immunocompromised mice. Treatment with the optimized formulation led to decreased peripheral erythema as well as lesions due to fungal infection in comparison to raw FLZ loaded gel. Therefore, the developed formulation was found to be a promising vehicle for the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis.
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Spanlastics as a Potential Platform for Enhancing the Brain Delivery of Flibanserin: In Vitro Response-Surface Optimization and In Vivo Pharmacokinetics Assessment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122627. [PMID: 36559120 PMCID: PMC9786754 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Flibanserin was licensed by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an oral non-hormonal therapy for pre-menopausal women with inhibited sexual desire disorder. However, it suffers from susceptibility to first-pass metabolism in the liver, low aqueous solubility, and degradation in the acidic stomach environment. Such hurdles result in a limited oral bioavailability of 33%. Thus, the aim of the study was to utilize the principles of nanotechnology and the benefits of an intranasal route of administration to develop a formulation that could bypass these drawbacks. A response-surface randomized D-optimal strategy was used for the formulation of flibanserin spanlastics (SPLs) with reduced size and increased absolute zeta potential. Two numerical factors were studied, namely the Span 60: edge activator ratio (w/w) and sonication time (min), in addition to one categorical factor that deals with the type of edge activator. Particle size (nm) and zeta potential (mV) were studied as responses. A mathematical optimization method was implemented for predicting the optimized levels of the variables. The optimized formulation was prepared using a Span: sodium deoxycholate ratio of 8:2 w/w; a sonication time of 5 min showed particle sizes of 129.70 nm and a zeta potential of -33.17 mV. Further in vivo assessment following intranasal administration in rats showed boosted plasma and brain levels, with 2.11- and 2.23-fold increases (respectively) compared to raw FLB. The aforementioned results imply that the proposed spanlastics could be regarded as efficient drug carriers for the trans-nasal delivery of drugs to the brain.
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Hybrid nanoparticulate system of Fluvastatin loaded phospholipid, alpha lipoic acid and melittin for the management of colon cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19446. [PMID: 36376469 PMCID: PMC9663543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, Fluvastatin (FLV) is used for reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol as well as to prevent cardiovascular problems. FLV showed cell line cytotoxicity and antitumor effect. Melittin (MEL) exhibits antineoplastic activity and is known to be promising as a therapeutic option for cancer patients. The aim of this work was to investigate the combination of FLV with MEL loaded hybrid formula of phospholipid (PL) with alpha lipoic acid (ALA) nanoparticles to maximize anticancer tendencies. This study examines the optimization of the prepared formulation in order to minimize nanoparticles size and maximize zeta potential to potentiate cytotoxic potentialities in colon cancer cells (Caco2), cell viability, cell cycle analysis and annexin V were tested. In addition to biological markers as P53, Bax, bcl2 and Caspase 3 evaluation The combination involving FLV PL ALA MEL showed enhanced cytotoxic potentiality (IC50 = 9.242 ± 0.35 µg/mL), about twofold lower, compared to the raw FLV (IC50 = 21.74 ± 0.82 µg/mL). According to studies analyzing cell cycle, optimized FLV PL ALA MEL was found to inhibit Caco2 colon cancer cells more significantly than other therapeutic treatments, wherein a higher number of cells were found to accumulate over G2/M and pre-G1 phases, whereas G0/G1/S phases witnessed the accumulation of a lower number of cells. The optimized formulation may pave the way for a novel and more efficacious treatment for colon cancer.
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Alghaith AF, Mahrous GM, Shazly GA, Zidan DEZ, Alhamed AS, Alqinyah M, Almutairi MM, Syed SA. The Optimization and Evaluation of Flibanserin Fast-Dissolving Oral Films. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204298. [PMID: 36297875 PMCID: PMC9609929 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Flibanserin (FLB) is a drug used for female hypotensive sexual desire disorder approved by the FDA in August 2015. FLB exhibits extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism and low aqueous solubility, hence poor oral bioavailability. In this study, beta hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin-FLB inclusion complexes were incorporated into orally fast dissolving films. This dosage form was expected to improve FLB aqueous solubility, which would give fast onset of action and decrease presystemic metabolism, hence improving oral bioavailability. The inclusion complex at a ratio of 1:1 was prepared by the kneading method. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD) were used to confirm complex formation. The Box–Behnken design (15 different formulae of FLB fast-dissolving oral films (FLBFDOFs) were utilized for the optimization of the prepared films. The Expert Design 11 program was utilized to examine the effects of three selected factors, polymer concentration (X1), plasticizer concentration (X2), and disintegrant concentration (X3) on four responses: disintegration time (DT), initial dissolution rate (IDR), dissolution efficiency (DE), and film quality (QF). Numerical optimization was performed by minimizing disintegration time (Y1), while maximizing the initial drug dissolution rate (Y2), dissolution efficiency (Y3), and the quality factor (Y4). The statistical analysis showed that X1 has a significant positive effect on the disintegration time and a significant negative effect on IDR. While X2 and X3 produced a nonsignificant negative effect on IDR. Dissolution efficiency was maximized at the middle concentration of both X2 and X3. The best film quality was observed at the middle concentration of both X1 and X2. In addition, increasing X3 leads to an improvement in film quality. The optimized film cast from an aqueous solution contains hydroxypropyl cellulose (2%) as a hydrophilic film-forming agent and propylene glycol (0.8%) as a plasticizer and cross povidone (0.2%) as a disintegrant. The prepared film released 98% of FLB after 10 min and showed good physical and mechanical properties. The optimized formula showed a disintegration time of 30 s, IDR of 16.6% per minute, DE15 of 77.7%, and QF of 90%. This dosage form is expected to partially avoid the pre-systemic metabolism with a fast onset of action, hence improving its bioavailability that favors an advantage over conventional dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel F. Alghaith
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal M. Mahrous
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Gamal A. Shazly
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diaa Eldin Z. Zidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S. Alhamed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alqinyah
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Almutairi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed A. Syed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Niu J, Yuan M, Zhang Z, Wang L, Fan Y, Liu X, Liu X, Ya H, Zhang Y, Xu Y. Hyaluronic Acid Micelles for Promoting the Skin Permeation and Deposition of Curcumin. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4009-4022. [PMID: 36105622 PMCID: PMC9464638 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s372711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The poor skin permeation and deposition of topical therapeutic drugs is a major issue in topical drug delivery, improving this issue is conducive to improving the topical therapeutic effect of drugs. Methods In this study, octadecylamine modified hyaluronic acid (OHA) copolymer was synthesized by amide reaction technique to prepare curcumin (CUR)-loaded micelles (CUR-M) for topical transdermal administration. CUR-M was successfully prepared by dialysis, and the formulation was evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, surface morphology, entrapment effciency (EE%), drug loading (DL), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the in vitro drug release. Additionally, in vitro skin permeation and retention, in vivo topical analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, and skin irritation were assessed. Results The mean drug loading (DL), drug entrapment efficiency (EE), hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of CUR-M were 8.26%, 90.86%, 165.64 nm and −26.85 mV, respectively. CUR-M was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), it was found that there was an interaction between CUR and OHA, and CUR existed in CUR-M in an amorphous form. CUR-M exhibited sustained release in 48 h and good stability at 4 °C for 21days. CUR-M could significantly increase the skin penetration and retention of CUR and had better analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in vivo when compared with CUR solution. Hematoxylin-eosin staining results revealed that the transdermal penetration mechanism of CUR-M might be related to the hydration of stratum corneum by HA. In addition, CUR-M showed no skin irritation to mouse skin. Conclusion CUR-M might be a promising and safe drug delivery system for the treatment of topical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxiu Niu
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaowei Zhang
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Liye Wang
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Fan
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghui Liu
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianming Liu
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyuan Ya
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Yansong Zhang
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xu
- College of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, People's Republic of China
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Optimized Apamin-Mediated Nano-Lipidic Carrier Potentially Enhances the Cytotoxicity of Ellagic Acid against Human Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169440. [PMID: 36012704 PMCID: PMC9408819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ellagic acid has recently attracted increasing attention regarding its role in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Surface functionalized nanocarriers have been recently studied for enhancing cancer cells’ penetration and achieving better tumor-targeted delivery of active ingredients. Therefore, the present work aimed at investigating the potential of APA-functionalized emulsomes (EGA-EML-APA) for enhancing cytototoxic activity of EGA against human breast cancer cells. Phospholipon® 90 G: cholesterol molar ratio (PC: CH; X1, mole/mole), Phospholipon® 90 G: Tristearin weight ratio (PC: TS; X2, w/w) and apamin molar concentration (APA conc.; X3, mM) were considered as independent variables, while vesicle size (VS, Y1, nm) and zeta potential (ZP, Y2, mV) were studied as responses. The optimized formulation with minimized vs. and maximized absolute ZP was predicted successfully utilizing a numerical technique. EGA-EML-APA exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect with an IC50 value of 5.472 ± 0.21 µg/mL compared to the obtained value from the free drug 9.09 ± 0.34 µg/mL. Cell cycle profile showed that the optimized formulation arrested MCF-7 cells at G2/M and S phases. In addition, it showed a significant apoptotic activity against MCF-7 cells by upregulating the expression of p53, bax and casp3 and downregulating bcl2. Furthermore, NF-κB activity was abolished while the expression of TNfα was increased confirming the significant apoptotic effect of EGA-EML-APA. In conclusion, apamin-functionalized emulsomes have been successfully proposed as a potential anti-breast cancer formulation.
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Zein-Stabilized Nanospheres as Nanocarriers for Boosting the Aphrodisiac Activity of Icariin: Response Surface Optimization and In Vivo Assessment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061279. [PMID: 35745852 PMCID: PMC9227839 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Icariin (ICA), a main active compound of the Epimedium genus, is used as an aphrodisiac in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Despite its therapeutic efficacy, ICA displays reduced oral absorption, and therefore, low bioavailability hindered its clinical application. Implementing nanotechnology in the field of formulation has been a focus to improve the efficacy of ICA. In this regard, polymeric nanoparticles find a potential application as drug delivery systems. A nanosphere formula was designed, aiming to improve the drug’s efficacy. The proposed ICA nanosphere formula (tocozeinolate) was optimized using D-optimal response surface design. The concentrations of ICA (X1), D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS, X2), zein (X3), and sodium deoxycholate (SDC, X4) expressed as percentages were investigated as quantitative independent variables. As per the experimental design, 23 formulations were developed, which were investigated for particle size (PS, nm), zeta potential (ZP, mV), and entrapment efficiency (EE, %) as response parameters. Numerical optimization and desirability approach were employed to predict the optimized variable levels that, upon combination, could result in minimized size and maximized zeta potential and ICA entrapment. The optimized ICA–tocozeinolate nanospheres showed a particle size of 224.45 nm, zeta potential of 0.961 mV, and drug entrapment of 65.29% that coincide well with the predicted values. The optimized ICA–tocozeinolate nanospheres were evaluated for sexual behavior in Wistar male rats compared to raw ICA at equivalent doses (20 mg/kg). In vivo assessment results showed significant sexual behavior enhancement by the optimized formulation, as evidenced by decreased average time of both mount latency (ML) and ejaculation latency (EL) to almost half those of raw ICA. Additionally, intromission latency (IL) time was reduced by 41% compared to the raw ICA. These results highlighted the potential of the proposed ICA–tocozeinolate nanospheres as a promising platform for improving the delivery and efficacy of therapeutic agents.
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Badr-Eldin SM, Aldawsari HM, Alhakamy NA, Fahmy UA, Ahmed OAA, Neamatallah T, Tima S, Almaghrabi RH, Alkudsi FM, Alamoudi AA, Alzahrani AA, Kotta S, Al-hejaili OD. Merging Experimental Design and Nanotechnology for the Development of Optimized Simvastatin Spanlastics: A Promising Combined Strategy for Augmenting the Suppression of Various Human Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1024. [PMID: 35631609 PMCID: PMC9143367 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simvastatin (SMV) is an antihyperlipidemic agent that has been investigated as a possible anti-cancer agent. An obstacle to malignant tumor therapy using drugs is the delivery of adequate levels to the cancer cells while minimizing side effects following their systemic administration. To circumvent this challenge, the researchers directed towards the field of nanotechnology to benefit from the nano-size of the formulation in passively targeting the tumor cells. Thus, our study aimed at investigating the potential of a combined mixture-process variable design for optimization of SMV spanlastics (SMV-SPNs) with minimized particle size and maximized zeta potential to enhance the anticancer activity of the drug. The study investigated the effects of Span® 20 and Tween® 80 as mixture components and sonication time as a process variable on particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential as responses. SPNs were prepared using an ethanol injection method. Combining the predicted optimized variables' levels is supposed to achieve the set goals with a desirability of 0.821. The optimized spanlastics exhibited a measured globule size of 128.50 nm, PDI of 0.329, and ZP of -29.11 mV. The percentage relative error between predicted responses and the observed ones were less than 5% for the three responses, indicating the optimization technique credibility. A significant improvement in the cytotoxicity of the optimized formulation against three different cancerous cell lines was observed in comparison with SMV. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of MCF-7, HCT-116, and HEPG2 were found to be 0.89, 0.39, and 0.06 μM at 24 h incubation. The enhanced cytotoxicity could be assigned to the possible improved permeation and preferential build-up within the cancerous cells by virtue of the minimized size. These findings imply that SMV-SPNs could be an ideal strategy to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.); (R.H.A.); (F.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.K.); (O.D.A.-h.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hibah M. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.); (R.H.A.); (F.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.K.); (O.D.A.-h.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.); (R.H.A.); (F.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.K.); (O.D.A.-h.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Usama A. Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.); (R.H.A.); (F.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.K.); (O.D.A.-h.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A. A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.); (R.H.A.); (F.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.K.); (O.D.A.-h.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thikryat Neamatallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Singkome Tima
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Raghad H. Almaghrabi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.); (R.H.A.); (F.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.K.); (O.D.A.-h.)
| | - Fayda M. Alkudsi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.); (R.H.A.); (F.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.K.); (O.D.A.-h.)
| | - Asmaa A. Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.); (R.H.A.); (F.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.K.); (O.D.A.-h.)
| | - Amjad A. Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.); (R.H.A.); (F.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.K.); (O.D.A.-h.)
| | - Sabna Kotta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.); (R.H.A.); (F.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.K.); (O.D.A.-h.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar D. Al-hejaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.M.A.); (N.A.A.); (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.); (R.H.A.); (F.M.A.); (A.A.A.); (A.A.A.); (S.K.); (O.D.A.-h.)
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Ma J, Wang Y, Lu R. Mechanism and Application of Chitosan and Its Derivatives in Promoting Permeation in Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040459. [PMID: 35455456 PMCID: PMC9033127 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms and applications of chitosan and its derivatives in transdermal drug delivery to promote drug permeation were reviewed in this paper. Specifically, we summarized the permeation-promoting mechanisms of chitosan and several of its derivatives, including changing the structure of stratum corneum proteins, acting on the tight junction of granular layers, affecting intercellular lipids, and increasing the water content of stratum corneum. These mechanisms are the reason why chitosan and its derivatives can increase the transdermal permeation of drugs. In addition, various transdermal preparations containing chitosan and its derivatives were summarized, and their respective advantages were expounded, including nanoparticles, emulsions, transdermal microneedles, nanocapsules, transdermal patches, transdermal membranes, hydrogels, liposomes, and nano-stents. The purpose of this review is to provide a theoretical basis for the further and wider application of chitosan in transdermal drug delivery systems. In the future, research results of chitosan and its derivatives in transdermal drug delivery need more support from in vivo experiments, as well as good correlation between in vitro and in vivo experiments. In conclusion, the excellent permeability-promoting property, good biocompatibility, and biodegradability of chitosan and its derivatives make them ideal materials for local transdermal drug delivery.
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13
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Optimization and performance studies of NFDK membrane for ionic separation from aqueous solutions. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Al-hejaili OD, Alamoudi AA, Ahmed OAA, El-Say KM. Transdermal Film Loaded with Avanafil Ultra-deformable Nanovesicles to Enhance its Percutaneous Absorption and Bioavailability. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:46. [PMID: 34984577 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro dissolution of Avanafil (AVA) is the rate-limiting step for its bioavailability. Also, it undergoes the first-pass metabolism, and its absorption is altered significantly in the presence of food. So, our study aimed to overcome the previous hurdles and improve the AVA bioavailability by its incorporation in the ultra-deformable nanovesicles, transfersomes (TRF), then loading these nanovesicles in transdermal films. The AVA-loaded TRF formulation was optimized using Draper-Lin small composite design (D-LSCD). The optimized AVA-loaded TRF was evaluated for quality attributes and assessed for skin permeation using a fluorescence laser microscope and for pharmacokinetic parameters after topical application on the rats. The optimized AVA-loaded TRF showed a vesicle size of 97.75 nm, a zeta potential of -28.83 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 95.14% with good deformability and release profile. The intense discoloration in the deep skin layers of the rats indicated the permeation efficiency of AVA-loaded TRF films. The pharmacokinetic parameters specified the augmented absorption extent with Cmax of 254.66 ± 8.02 ng/mlversus 70.33 ± 3.05 ng/ml which reflected on the AUC0-inf that has a value of 2050.45 ± 159.14 ng/ml h versus 497.34 ± 102.61 ng/ml h for the optimized AVA-loaded TRF film and raw AVA-loaded film, respectively. These promising results wide open the field for broader clinical application of this alternative delivery pathway for superior bioavailability, efficacy, and patient compliance and satisfaction.
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Statistical optimization of nanostructured gels for enhancement of vinpocetine transnasal and transdermal permeation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Alhakamy NA, Ahmed OA, Fahmy UA, Asfour HZ, Alghaith AF, Mahdi WA, Alshehri S, Md S. Development, Optimization and Evaluation of 2-Methoxy-Estradiol Loaded Nanocarrier for Prostate Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:682337. [PMID: 34335251 PMCID: PMC8322574 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.682337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of antineoplastic agents possessing a selective target to the nucleus of the cancer cells could be enhanced through novel formulation approaches. Thus, toward the improvement of the anticancer potential of 2-methoxy estradiol (2 ME) on prostate cancer, the drug was entrapped into the hydrophobic micelles core formulated with Phospholipon 90G and d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS). Optimization of the formulation was done by Box-Behnken statistical design using Statgraphics software to standardize percentages of TPGS and phospholipid to obtain the smallest particle size. The optimized formulation was found to be spherical with nanometer size of 152 ± 5.2 nm, and low PDI (0.234). The entrapment efficiency of the micelles was 88.67 ± 3.21% with >93% release of 2 ME within 24 h. There was a 16-fold increase in apoptosis and an 8-fold increase in necrosis of the PC-3 cells when incubated with 2 ME micellar delivery compared to control cells (2.8 ± 0.2%). This increased apoptosis was further correlated with increased BAX expression (11.6 ± 0.7) and decreased BCL-2 expression (0.29 ± 0.05) in 2 ME micelles treated cells when compared to the control group. Further, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (∼50-fold) by the drug-loaded micelles and free drug compared to control cells was found to be due to the generation of ROS. Findings on cell cycle analysis revealed the significant arrest of the G2-M phase of the PC-3 cells when incubated with the optimized formulation. Simultaneously, a significantly increased number of cells in pre-G1 revealed the maximum apoptotic potential of the drug when delivered via micellar formulation. Finally, upregulation of caspase-9, p53, and NO, with downregulation of TNF-α, NF-κβ, and inflammatory mediators of the PC-3 cells established the superiority of the micellar approach against prostate cancer. In summary, the acquired results highlighted the potentiality of the 2 ME-micellar delivery tool for controlling the growth of prostate cancer cells for improved efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil A Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Usama A Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Z Asfour
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel F Alghaith
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael A Mahdi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Alhakamy NA, Al-Rabia MW, Md S, Sirwi A, Khayat SS, AlOtaibi SS, Hakami RA, Al Sadoun H, Eldakhakhny BM, Abdulaal WH, Aldawsari HM, Badr-Eldin SM, Elfaky MA. Development and Optimization of Luliconazole Spanlastics to Augment the Antifungal Activity against Candida albicans. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:977. [PMID: 34203359 PMCID: PMC8309172 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Luliconazole is a new topical imidazole antifungal drug for the treatment of skin infections. It has low solubility and poor skin penetration which limits its therapeutic applications. In order to improve its therapeutic efficacy, spanlastics nanoformulation was developed and optimized using a combined mixture-process variable design (CMPV). The optimized formulation was converted into a hydrogel formula to enhance skin penetration and increase the efficacy in experimental cutaneous Candida albicans infections in Swiss mice wounds. The optimized formulation was generated at percentages of Span and Tween of 48% and 52%, respectively, and a sonication time of 6.6 min. The software predicted that the proposed formulation would achieve a particle size of 50 nm with a desirability of 0.997. The entrapment of luliconazole within the spanlastics carrier showed significant (p < 0.0001) antifungal efficacy in the immunocompromised Candida-infected Swiss mice without causing any irritation, when compared to the luliconazole treated groups. The microscopic observation showed almost complete removal of the fungal colonies on the skin of the infected animals (0.2 ± 0.05 log CFU), whereas the control animals had 0.2 ± 0.05 log CFU. Therefore, luliconazole spanlastics could be an effective formulation with improved topical delivery for antifungal activity against C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.); (S.S.K.); (S.S.A.); (R.A.H.); (H.M.A.)
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed W. Al-Rabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Universit, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.); (S.S.K.); (S.S.A.); (R.A.H.); (H.M.A.)
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Sirwi
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative, Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (M.A.E.)
| | - Selwan Saud Khayat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.); (S.S.K.); (S.S.A.); (R.A.H.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Sahar Saad AlOtaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.); (S.S.K.); (S.S.A.); (R.A.H.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Raghad Abkar Hakami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.); (S.S.K.); (S.S.A.); (R.A.H.); (H.M.A.)
| | - Hadeel Al Sadoun
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Basmah Medhat Eldakhakhny
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Wesam H. Abdulaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hibah M. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.); (S.S.K.); (S.S.A.); (R.A.H.); (H.M.A.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (S.M.); (S.S.K.); (S.S.A.); (R.A.H.); (H.M.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. Elfaky
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative, Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (M.A.E.)
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Koshak AE, Algandaby MM, Mujallid MI, Abdel-Naim AB, Alhakamy NA, Fahmy UA, Alfarsi A, Badr-Eldin SM, Neamatallah T, Nasrullah MZ, M Abdallah H, Esmat A. Wound Healing Activity of Opuntia ficus-indica Fixed Oil Formulated in a Self-Nanoemulsifying Formulation. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3889-3905. [PMID: 34135583 PMCID: PMC8200171 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s299696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Delayed wound healing represents a common health hazard. Traditional herbal products have been often utilized to promote wound contraction. The current study aimed at assessing the wound healing activity of Opuntia ficus-indica seed oil (OFI) and its self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (OFI-SNEDDS) formula in a rat model of full-thickness skin excision. METHODS Based on droplet size, an optimized OFI-SNEDDS formula was prepared and used for subsequent evaluation. Wound healing activity of OFI and OFI-SNEDDS was studied in vivo. RESULTS The optimized OFI-SNEDDS formula droplet size was 50.02 nm. The formula exhibited superior healing activities as compared to regular OFI seed oil-treated rats at day 14 of wounding. This effect was further confirmed by histopathological examinations of H&E and Masson's Trichrome-stained skin sections. Moreover, OFI-SNEDDS showed the highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities as compared to OFI seed oil-treated animals. Both OFI and OFI-SNEDDS significantly enhanced hydroxyproline skin content and upregulated Col1A1 mRNA expression, accompanied by enhanced expression of transforming factor-beta (TGF-β). Further, OFI-SNEDDS improved angiogenesis as evidenced by increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). CONCLUSION OFI possesses wound healing properties that are enhanced by self-emulsification of the oil into nano-droplets. The observed activity can be attributed, at least partly, to its anti-inflammatory, pro-collagen and angiogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman E Koshak
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mardi M Algandaby
- Medicinal Plants Research Group, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad I Mujallid
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf B Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil A Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Usama A Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Alfarsi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M Badr-Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Thikryat Neamatallah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Z Nasrullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam M Abdallah
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Esmat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Alamoudi AA, Ahmed OAA, El-Say KM. Investigating the Potential of Transdermal Delivery of Avanafil Using Vitamin E-TPGS Based Mixed Micelles Loaded Films. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050739. [PMID: 34067893 PMCID: PMC8155967 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To avoid the first-pass metabolism of avanafil (AVA) and its altered absorption in the presence of food after oral administration, this study aimed to investigate the potential of TPGS-based mixed micelle (MM)-loaded film for transdermal delivery and the enhancement of bioavailability. A Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the permeation behavior of AVA from the transdermal film across the skin. The variables were the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) of the surfactant (X1), the concentration of mixed micelles (MMs) in the film (X2), and the concentration of the permeation enhancer (X3). The initial permeation of AVA after 1 h (Y1), and the cumulative permeation of AVA after 24 h (Y2) were the dependent variables. Ex vivo studies were carried out on freshly isolated rat skin to investigate the drug's permeation potential and results were visualized using a fluorescence laser microscope. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic behavior after a single application on male Wistar rats, in comparison with films loaded with raw AVA, was evaluated. The results showed that the optimum factor levels were 9.4% for the HLB of the surfactant used, and 5.12% MMs and 2.99% penetration enhancer in the film. Imaging with a fluorescence laser microscope indicated the ability of the optimized film to deliver the payload to deeper skin layers. Furthermore, optimized AVA-loaded TPGS-micelles film showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the Cmax of AVA and the area under the AVA plasma curve (approximately three-fold). The optimized AVA-loaded TPGS-MM film thus represents a successful delivery system for enhancing the bioavailability of AVA.
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Alhakamy NA, Caruso G, Al-Rabia MW, Badr-Eldin SM, Aldawsari HM, Asfour HZ, Alshehri S, Alzaharani SH, Alhamdan MM, Rizg WY, Allam AN. Piceatannol-Loaded Bilosome-Stabilized Zein Protein Exhibits Enhanced Cytostatic and Apoptotic Activities in Lung Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050638. [PMID: 33947103 PMCID: PMC8146359 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Piceatannol (PIC) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic stilbene, and it has pleiotropic pharmacological properties. Moreover, PIC has cytotoxic actions among various cancer cells. In this work, preparations of PIC-loaded bilosome-zein (PIC-BZ) were designed, formulated, and characterized, and the optimized PIC-BZ cytotoxic activities, measured as half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), against lung cancer cell line was investigated. Box-Behnken design was utilized in order to examine the effect of preparation factors on drug entrapment and particle size. PIC-BZ showed a spherical shape after optimization, and its particle size was determined as 157.45 ± 1.62 nm. Moreover, the efficiency of drug entrapment was found as 93.14 ± 2.15%. The cytotoxic activity evaluation revealed that the adjusted formulation, which is PIC-BZ formula, showed a substantially smaller IC50 versus A549 cells. Cell cycle analysis showed accumulation of cells in the G2-M phase. Moreover, it showed in the sub-G1 phase, a rise of cell fraction suggestion apoptotic improving activity. Increased early and late phases of apoptosis were demonstrated by staining of cells with annexin V. Furthermore, the cellular caspase-3 protein expression was significantly raised by PIC-BZ. In addition, the wound healing experiment confirmed the results. To conclude, compared to pure PIC, PIC-BZ demonstrated a higher cell death-inducing activity against A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (W.Y.R.)
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Mohammed W. Al-Rabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.W.A.-R.); (H.Z.A.)
| | - Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (W.Y.R.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.M.B.-E.); (A.N.A.); Tel.: +966-598181986 (S.M.B.-E.); +2-100-542-2491 (A.N.A.)
| | - Hibah M. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (W.Y.R.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Z. Asfour
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.W.A.-R.); (H.Z.A.)
| | - Samah Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sami H. Alzaharani
- Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.A.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Meshari M. Alhamdan
- Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.H.A.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Waleed Y. Rizg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (W.Y.R.)
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed N. Allam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.M.B.-E.); (A.N.A.); Tel.: +966-598181986 (S.M.B.-E.); +2-100-542-2491 (A.N.A.)
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Optimized semisolid self-nanoemulsifying system based on glyceryl behenate: A potential nanoplatform for enhancing antitumor activity of raloxifene hydrochloride in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Int J Pharm 2021; 600:120493. [PMID: 33744452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Raloxifene hydrochloride (RLX) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used for treatment and protection against postmenopausal osteoporosis. The drug has been used for protection against breast cancer and more recently, for management of the disease by virtue of its estrogen antagonist action. However, the drug has reduced bioavailability related to low water solubility and first pass metabolism. To surmount these pitfalls, this study aimed at developing and optimizing RLX-loaded semisolid self-nanoemulsifying system (SSNES) with minimized globule size to improve the drug solubility, tumor penetration, and consequently antitumor activity. A simplex lattice mixture design was employed for the formulation and optimization of SSNESs. The mixture components, namely, Compritol® 888 ATO, Tween 20, and polyethylene glycol 200 exhibited significant effect on globule size at P < 0.05. The optimized formulation with globule size of 109.19 ± 2.11 nm showed acceptable thermodynamic stability under stress conditions. Anti-cancer efficacy of the obtained formulation was evaluated in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. MTT viability assay revealed that RLX-loaded SSNES notably inhibited MCF-7 cell proliferation. Flow cytometry and dual staining with annexin V-FITC/PI were used to assay this anti-proliferative effect and induction of apoptosis, respectively. Cells treated with RLX-loaded SSNES showed significant arrest at G2/M phase associated with significant increase in early/late-stages of apoptotic and necrotic cells. The results exhibited that RLX-loaded SSNES induces apoptosis via the activation of caspase-3 and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Accordingly, the proposed SSNES could be regarded as a promising platform for enhancing RLX antitumor activity against breast cancer.
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Development and In Vitro Evaluation of 2-Methoxyestradiol Loaded Polymeric Micelles for Enhancing Anticancer Activities in Prostate Cancer. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13060884. [PMID: 33805675 PMCID: PMC7998642 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to formulate and optimize 2ME-loaded PMs (2ME-PMs) for enhancing the anticancer activity of 2ME in prostate cancer (PC). The 2ME-PMs were formulated using PEG-PLGA (PL), Tween 80 (TW80), and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA). The optimization was carried out using a Box-Behnken design with the PL, TW80, and ALA as the independent variables and particle size (PS) as the response. The formulation was optimized for the lowest possible PS, and the software suggested optimum formula with 100.282 mg, 2%, and 40 mg for PL, TW80, and ALA, respectively. The optimized PMs had spherical morphology with PS of 65.36 ± 2.2 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.273 ± 0.03, and entrapment efficiency of 65.23 ± 3.5%. The in vitro drug release was 76.3 ± 3.2% after 24 h. The cell line studies using PC-3 cells showed IC50 values of 18.75 and 54.41 µmol for 2ME-PM and 2ME, respectively. The estimation of tumor biomarkers was also carried out. The tumor biomarkers caspase-9 (17.38 ± 1.42 ng/mL), tumor protein P53 (p53) (1050.0 ± 40.9 pg/mL), nitric oxide (NO) (0.693 ± 0.03 pg/mL), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (25.84 ± 2.23 pg/mL), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) (0.719 ± 0.07 pg/mL), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (2.53 ± 0.16 folds), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (3.04 ± 0.5 folds) were determined for 2ME-PMs and the results showed that these values changed significantly compared to those of 2ME. Overall, the results showed that the formulation of 2ME to 2ME-PMs enhances the anticancer effect. The exploration of the combined advantages of PEG, PLGA, ALA, and PMs in cancer therapy and the delivery of 2ME is the major importance of this research work. PEG reduces the elimination of 2ME, PLGA enhances 2ME loading, ALA has an inherent apoptotic effect, and PMs can efficiently target tumor cells.
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Ahmed OAA, El-Bassossy HM, El-Sayed HM, El-Hay SSA. Rp-HPLC Determination of Quercetin in a Novel D-α-Tocopherol Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate Based SNEDDS Formulation: Pharmacokinetics in Rat Plasma. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051435. [PMID: 33800848 PMCID: PMC7961457 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its proven efficacy in diverse metabolic disorders, quercetin (QU) for clinical use is still limited because of its low bioavailability. D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) is approved as a safe pharmaceutical adjuvant with marked antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In the current study, several QU-loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) were investigated to improve QU bioavailability. A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed, for the first time, as a simple and sensitive technique for pharmacokinetic studies of QU in the presence of TPGS SNEDDS formula in rat plasma. The analyses were performed on a Xterra C18 column (4.6 × 100 mm, 5 µm) and UV detection at 280 nm. The analytes were separated by a gradient system of methanol and phosphate buffer of pH 3. The developed RP-HPLC method showed low limit of detection (LODs) of 7.65 and 22.09 ng/mL and LOQs of 23.19 and 66.96 ng/mL for QU and TPGS, respectively, which allowed their determination in real rat plasma samples. The method was linear over a wide range, (30-10,000) and (100-10,000) ng/mL for QU and TPGS, respectively. The selected SNEDDS formula, containing 50% w/w TPGS, 30% polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG 200), and 20% w/w pumpkin seed oil (PSO), showed a globule size of 320 nm and -28.6 mV zeta potential. Results of the pharmacokinetic studies showed 149.8% improvement in bioavailability of QU in SNEDDS relative to its suspension. The developed HPLC method proved to be simple and sensitive for QU and TPGS simultaneous determination in rat plasma after oral administration of the new SNEDDS formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A. A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Hany M. El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Heba M. El-Sayed
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (H.M.E.-S.); (S.S.A.E.-H.)
| | - Soad S. Abd El-Hay
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (H.M.E.-S.); (S.S.A.E.-H.)
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25
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Chondroitin sulphate and α-tocopheryl succinate tethered multiwalled carbon nanotubes for dual-action therapy of triple-negative breast cancer. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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26
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Ahmed OAA, Badr-Eldin SM. Biodegradable self-assembled nanoparticles of PEG-PLGA amphiphilic diblock copolymer as a promising stealth system for augmented vinpocetine brain delivery. Int J Pharm 2020; 588:119778. [PMID: 32805381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vinpocetine (VNP), a semisynthetic drug, is utilized for the treatment of cerebrovascular and memory disorders. This work aimed at formulation of biodegradable VNP long-circulating nanoparticles utilizing Polyethylene glycol methyl ether-block-poly lactide-co-glycolide (PEG-PLGA) copolymer to surmount the drug drawbacks including low oral bioavailability and short elimination half-life. VNP nanoparticles were formulated using nanoprecipitation technique. A 24 factorial design was applied to assess the impact of formulation and process variables on the nanoparticles' characteristics. Statistical analysis revealed that nanoparticles size (Y1) significantly increased with increasing PEG-PLGA amount (X1), poly-vinyl alcohol concentration (X2), and PLGA content (X4), while decreased with increasing sonication time (X3). Furthermore, the entrapment efficiency (Y2) was positively affected by both PEG-PLGA amount and PLGA content, while negatively affected by poly-vinyl alcohol concentration. The optimized formulation prepared using 200 mg of PEG-PLGA polymer (PEG: PLGA 2000: 4,500), 0.5% polyvinyl alcohol with sonication time of 60 s achieved spherical shape with particle size of 43 nm and drug entrapment of 82%. A significant bioavailability enhancement of VNP with marked prolongation of the in vivo systemic exposure of the drug and increased brain levels has also been achieved following intraperitoneal administration in Wistar rats. Thus, the optimized formulation could be regarded as a promising stealth nanocarrier that could surmount the drug pitfalls and enhance its brain delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M Badr-Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Basahih TS, Alamoudi AA, El-Say KM, Alhakamy NA, Ahmed OAA. Improved Transmucosal Delivery of Glimepiride via Unidirectional Release Buccal Film Loaded With Vitamin E TPGS-Based Nanocarrier. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820945164. [PMID: 32782450 PMCID: PMC7401050 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820945164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glimepiride (GMD) is a hypoglycemic agent that has variation in bioavailability for its unexpected absorption. Glimepiride was formulated in a buccal film loaded with a nanobased formulation to enhance its absorption via buccal mucosa. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and d-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate-based micelles enhance GMD solubility and improve its permeation through the buccal mucosa. The formulation variables were optimized using a Box-Behnken design. These factors, such as the percent of micelles relative to NLC (X1), the percent of Carbopol (X2), and the percent of permeation enhancer (X3), were investigated for their effect on the initial release (Y1) and the cumulative release after 6 hours (Y2). The optimum levels for X1, X2, and X3 were 100%, 0.05%, and 1.8%, respectively. The optimized formulation revealed that the permeation of GMD from the film was in favor of micelles. This optimized film was then coated with ethyl cellulose to direct the release only through the buccal mucosa. The optimized unidirectional GMD transmucosal film showed a release of 93.9% of GMD content at 6 hours compared to 60.41% of GMD release from the raw GMD film. This finding confirmed the suitability of transmucosal delivery of GMD via the buccal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani S. Basahih
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M. El-Say
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A. A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Osama A. A. Ahmed, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Fahmy UA, Badr-Eldin SM, Ahmed OAA, Aldawsari HM, Tima S, Asfour HZ, Al-Rabia MW, Negm AA, Sultan MH, Madkhali OAA, Alhakamy NA. Intranasal Niosomal In Situ Gel as a Promising Approach for Enhancing Flibanserin Bioavailability and Brain Delivery: In Vitro Optimization and Ex Vivo/ In Vivo Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E485. [PMID: 32471119 PMCID: PMC7356232 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Flibanserin (FLB) is a multifunctional serotonergic agent that was recently approved by the FDA for the oral treatment of premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. FLB is a centrally acting drug that has a low oral bioavailability of 33% owing to its exposure to the hepatic first-pass effect, as well as its pH-dependent solubility, which could be an obstacle hindering the drug dissolution and absorption via mucosal barriers. Thus, this work aimed at overcoming the aforementioned drawbacks and promoting the nose-to-brain delivery of FLB via the formulation of an intra-nasal in situ niosomal gel. The Box-Behnken design was employed to study the impact of Span® 85 concentration (X1), hydration time (X2), and pH of the hydrating buffer (X3) on the vesicle size and drug entrapment. The optimized formulation exhibited a spherical shape with a vesicular size of 46.35 nm and entrapment efficiency of 92.48%. The optimized FLB niosomes integrated into gellan gum-based in situ gel exhibited enhanced ex vivo permeation and improved plasma and brain concentrations after nasal administration in rats compared to raw FLB. These findings highlight the capability of the proposed intra-nasal FLB niosomal in situ gel to boost the drug bioavailability and to promote its direct delivery to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama A. Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (N.A.A.)
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (N.A.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Osama A. A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (N.A.A.)
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hibah M. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (N.A.A.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Singkome Tima
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Hani Z. Asfour
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.Z.A.); (M.W.A.-R.)
| | - Mohammed W. Al-Rabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.Z.A.); (M.W.A.-R.)
| | - Aya A. Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44518, Egypt;
| | - Muhammad H. Sultan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.S.); (O.A.A.M.)
| | - Osama A. A. Madkhali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.S.); (O.A.A.M.)
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (U.A.F.); (O.A.A.A.); (H.M.A.); (N.A.A.)
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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29
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Zhao YC, Zheng HL, Wang XR, Zheng XL, Chen Y, Fei WD, Zheng YQ, Wang WX, Zheng CH. Enhanced Percutaneous Delivery of Methotrexate Using Micelles Prepared with Novel Cationic Amphipathic Material. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:3539-3550. [PMID: 32547012 PMCID: PMC7245457 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s251431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methotrexate (MTX) is an antiproliferative drug widely used to treat inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases. The application of percutaneous administration is hindered due to its poor transdermal penetration. To reduce side effects and enhanced percutaneous delivery of MTX, novel methotrexate (MTX)-loaded micelles prepared with a amphiphilic cationic material, N,N-dimethyl-(N',N'-di-stearoyl-1-ethyl)1,3-diaminopropane (DMSAP), was designed. MATERIALS AND METHODS DMSAP was synthesized via three steps using simple chemical agents. H nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy were used to confirm the successful synthesis of DMSAP. A safe and non-toxic phosphatidylcholine, soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC), was added to DMSAP at different ratios to form P/D-micelles. Then, MTX-entrapped micelles (M/P/D-micelles) were prepared by electrostatic adsorption. The physicochemical properties and blood stability of micelles were examined thoroughly. In addition, the transdermal potential of the micelles was evaluated by permeation experiments. RESULTS In aqueous environments, DMSAP conjugates could self-assemble spontaneously into micelles with a low critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 0.056 mg/mL. Stable, spherical MTX-entrapped micelles (M/P/D-micelles) with a size of 100-120 nm and high zeta potential of +36.26 mV were prepared. In vitro permeation studies showed that M/P/D-micelles exhibited superior skin permeability and deposition of MTX in the epidermis and dermis compared with that of free MTX. CONCLUSION These special novel cationic M/P/D-micelles can enhance the permeability of MTX and are expected to be a promising percutaneous delivery system for therapy skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chun Zhao
- Pharmacy Department, Zhejiang University, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Li Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Rong Wang
- Pharmacy Department, Zhejiang University, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zheng
- Pharmacy Department, Zhejiang University, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- Pharmacy Department, Zhejiang University, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Dong Fei
- Pharmacy Department, Zhejiang University, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Quan Zheng
- Pharmacy Department, Zhejiang University, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cai-Hong Zheng
- Pharmacy Department, Zhejiang University, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Alessandrini A, Starace M, Bruni F, Piraccini BM. An Open Study to Evaluate Effectiveness and Tolerability of a Nail Oil Composed of Vitamin E and Essential Oils in Mild to Moderate Distal Subungual Onychomycosis. Skin Appendage Disord 2020; 6:14-18. [PMID: 32021856 PMCID: PMC6995982 DOI: 10.1159/000503305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Onychomycosis is the most common nail disease and can affect both fingernails and toenails. When possible, topical treatment is generally preferred both by patients and physicians because it is associated with lower risk of systemic side effects and drug interactions than oral antifungals, avoiding laboratory monitoring. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, and patient's compliance of a new topical antifungal containing vitamin E and essential oils of lime, oregano, and tea tree. PATIENTS AND METHODS We enrolled 20 patients with mild-moderate distal subungual onychomycosis due to dermatophytes or non-dermatophyte molds. The product was applied once daily on the periungual tissues and on the nail plate for 6 months. Follow-up without therapy continued for another 6 months in order to evaluate the product's effect maintenance. Periodic evaluation of treatment efficacy was performed by standardized photography and mycological examination (KOH + culture) of the target nail at baseline (T0), after 3 months (T1) and 6 months (T2) of therapy, and after 6 months of follow-up (T3). RESULTS At the end of the 12-month study, the majority of patients achieved a complete cure of onychomycosis (78.5%). All patients were very satisfied by the treatment. No side effects were recorded. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study indicate that this new topical antifungal containing vitamin E and essential oils of lime, oregano, and tea tree is an effective and safe option for topical therapy of onychomycosis. This topical antifungal nail oil restructures the nail appearance, improving patient's adherence to therapy and reducing the risk of relapses, maintaining results over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Alessandrini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Alhakamy NA, Fahmy UA, Ahmed OAA. Vitamin E TPGS based transferosomes augmented TAT as a promising delivery system for improved transdermal delivery of raloxifene. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226639. [PMID: 31881053 PMCID: PMC6934291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Raloxifene is commonly used for breast cancer protection. The low bioavailability of raloxifene (2%) is the result of its low solubility and intestinal glucuronidation. The nano-lipid carriers are characterized by small particle size, biocompatibility, and sustainable properties that improve cellular uptake of the loaded drug. The aim of this study was the improvement of raloxifene bioavailability by enhancing its solubility and cellular penetration through formulation of D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate based transferosomes and augmenting their effect with the cationic cell-penetrating peptide transactivator of transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus. Particle size, zeta potential, and transmission electron microscope investigation of the formed nanocarriers were carried out. Ex vivo raloxifene permeation through rat skin and cell viability studies was investigated. The results of D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate- transactivator of transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus transferosomes showed an average vesicle size of 96.05 nm with positively charged vesicles 39.4 mV of zeta potential value. The results revealed significant (p < 0.05) enhancement of raloxifene permeation from raloxifene transferosomes- loaded film when compared with raw raloxifene film. IC50 results showed significant improvement of formulated raloxifene cytotoxicity by 1.42-fold in comparison with raw raloxifene against MCF-7 cell lines. The developed raloxifene-transferosomes are considered promising nano-lipid carriers for the enhancement delivery of raloxifene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Usama A. Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A. A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Alhakamy NA, Fahmy UA, Ahmed OAA, Almohammadi EA, Alotaibi SA, Aljohani RA, Alharbi WS, Alfaleh MA, Alfaifi MY. Development of an optimized febuxostat self-nanoemulsified loaded transdermal film: in-vitro, ex-vivo and in-vivo evaluation. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 25:326-331. [PMID: 31794286 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1700520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Febuxostat (FBX) is used to treat gout and chronic hyperuricemia. However, its bioavailability is moderate (49%) as a result of low solubility and first-pass metabolism. Therefore, the aim of our study is to improve FBX bioavailability by enhancement its solubility using self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) technique in the form of transdermal film to avoid hepatic metabolism. To accomplish this goal, Eight SNEDDS formulae were prepared according to a three-factor, two-level D-Optimal mixture design to evaluate the effect of different ratios of the Lemon oil (X1), the surfactant Tween-20 (X2), and the co-surfactant PEG-400 (X3) on the globule size in order to reach smallest globular size. Results revealed that SNEDDS globule size ranged from 177 to 454 nm. The optimized formula consisted of 20% oil, 40% surfactant and 40% co-surfactant. Diffusion study showed improved enhancement in skin permeation that was confirmed by imaging using fluorescence microscope. In vivo plasma data showed significant (p < 0.05) difference in FBX plasma levels and pharmacokinetic parameters when compared with raw FBX loaded film. In conclusion, FBX-SNEDDS loaded transdermal film could be a successful way to improve solubility and skin permeability that would lead to improvement in patient's compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil A Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Usama A Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics & Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Enas A Almohammadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad A Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad A Aljohani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed S Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Alfaleh
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y Alfaifi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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El-Say KM, Ahmed OA, Mohamed AI, Safo MK, Omar AM. Zein-alpha lipoic acid-loaded nanoparticles to enhance the oral bioavailability of dapoxetine: optimization and clinical pharmacokinetic evaluation. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:7461-7473. [PMID: 31686817 PMCID: PMC6752166 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s224611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common type of male sexual disorder with important psychological consequences. Dapoxetine (DPX), a recently approved drug for the treatment of PE, suffers from low bioavailability with large variability that ranges from 15–76% (mean 42%) after oral administration. The objective of this study is to optimize the parameters for the preparation of DPX-Zein-alpha lipoic acid (ALA) nanoparticles (NPs) to improve the bioavailability of DPX and consequently decrease therapeutic dose and adverse effect, leading to patient satisfaction and compliance. Methods We investigated the effect of ALA concentration, PVA concentration and stirring rate on nanoparticle size (Y1), zeta potential (Y2), initial DPX release (Y3) and cumulative DPX release (Y4). In addition, in vivo pharmacokinetic study was performed for the optimized DPX formulation on human healthy volunteers compared with marketed DPX tablet. Results The optimized DPX-loaded NPs showed Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 of 159.24 nm, 19.14 mV, 25.31% and 95.9 %, respectively. A single oral dose of 30 mg of optimized DPX-loaded NPs to human volunteers resulted in 2-fold improvement of AUC (1376.145±339.592 vs 709.178±146.307 in DPX), 4-fold increase in tmax (2.5±0.314 vs 0.583±0.144), prolongation of MRT (7.637±1.373 compared to 6.031±1.826 h), but with reduction in t1/2 (5.283±1.077 vs 8.452±2.813). Conclusion The clinical findings suggest 194% enhancement of relative bioavailability of the optimized DPX-loaded NPs, potentially leading to a decrease in therapeutic dose and associated side effects in the treatment of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M El-Say
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Osama Aa Ahmed
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Amir I Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Military Medical Academy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Martin K Safo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and the Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Abdelsattar M Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
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Radwan MF, Moselhy MAE, Fahmy UA, Aljaeid BM. Novel Combination of Alprostadil-D-tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol Succinate for Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction. INT J PHARMACOL 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.738.744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ahmed TA, El-Say KM, Ahmed OA, Aljaeid BM. Superiority of TPGS-loaded micelles in the brain delivery of vinpocetine via administration of thermosensitive intranasal gel. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5555-5567. [PMID: 31413562 PMCID: PMC6662514 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s213086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vinpocetine (VPN) is a synthetic derivative of the Vinca minor alkaloids. The drug is characterized by a short half-life, limited water solubility and high hepatic first-pass effect. The objective was to develop different lipid-based nanocarriers (NCs) loaded into a thermosensitive in situ gelling (ISG) system to improve VPN bioavailability and brain targeting via intranasal (IN) delivery. Methods: Different lipid-based NCs were developed and characterized for vesicle size, zeta potential, VPN entrapment efficiency (EE) and morphological characterization using transmission electron microscope (TEM). The prepared NCs were loaded into ISG formulations and characterized for their mucoadhesive properties. Ex-vivo permeation and histological study of the nasal mucosa were conducted. Pharmacokinetic and brain tissue distribution were investigated and compared to a marketed VPN product following administration of a single dose to rats. Results: VPN-D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) micelles nano-formulation showed the smallest particle size, highest EE among the studied NCs. TEM images revealed an almost spherical shape for all the prepared NCs. Among the NCs studied, VPN-loaded TPGS micelles demonstrated the highest percent cumulative VPN ex vivo permeation. All the prepared ISG formulations revealed the presence of mucoadhesive properties and showed no signs of inflammation or necrosis upon histological examination. Rats administered IN VPN-loaded TPGS-micelles ISG showed superior VPN concentration in the brain tissue and significant high relative bioavailability when compared to that received raw VPN-loaded ISG and marketed drug oral tablets. VPN-D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) micelles nano-formulation showed the smallest particle size, highest EE among the studied NCs. TEM images revealed an almost spherical shape for all the prepared NCs. Among the NCs studied, VPN-loaded TPGS micelles demonstrated the highest percent cumulative VPN ex vivo permeation. All the prepared ISG formulations revealed the presence of mucoadhesive properties and showed no signs of inflammation or necrosis upon histological examination. Rats administered IN VPN-loaded TPGS-micelles ISG showed superior VPN concentration in the brain tissue and significant high relative bioavailability when compared to that received raw VPN-loaded ISG and marketed drug oral tablets. Conclusion: VPN-loaded TPGS-micelles ISG formulation is a successful brain drug delivery system with enhanced bioavailability for drugs with poor bioavailability and those that are frequently administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Khalid M El-Say
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Osama Aa Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Bader M Aljaeid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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