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Elakkiya K, Bargavi P, Balakumar S. 3D interconnected porous PMMA scaffold integrating with advanced nanostructured CaP-based biomaterials for rapid bone repair and regeneration. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 147:106106. [PMID: 37708780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive scaffolds with polymer and nanostructured bioactive glass-based composites are promising materials for regenerative applications in consequence of close mimics of natural bone composition. Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a highly preferred thermoplastic polymer for orthopedic applications as it has good biocompatibility. Different kinds of bioactive, biodegradable as well as biocompatible biomaterial composites such as Bioglass (BG), Hydroxyapatite (Hap), and Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) can be integrated with PMMA, so as to augment the bioactivity, porosity as well as regeneration of hard tissues in human body. Among the bioactive glass, 60S BG (Bioactive glass with 60 percentage of Silica without Sodium ions) is better materials among aforementioned systems owning to mechanical stability as well as controlled bioactive material. In this work, the fabrication of PMMA-CaP (calcium phosphate)-based scaffolds were carried out by Thermal Induced Phase Separation method (TIPS). X-ray diffractogram analysis (XRD) is used to examine the physiochemical properties of the scaffolds that evidently reveal the presence of calcium phosphate besides calcium phosphate silicate phases. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) studies obviously exhibited the microstructure of the scaffolds as well as their interconnected porous morphology. The PMMA/60S BG/TCP (C50) scaffold has the maximum pore size, measuring 77 ± 23 μm, while the average pore size ranges from 50 ± 20 to 80 ± 23 μm. By performing a liquid displacement method, the C50 scaffold is found to have the largest porosity of 50%, high hydrophilicity of 118.16°, and a compression test reveals the scaffolds to have a maximum compressive strength of 0.16 MPa. The emergence of bone-like apatite on the scaffold surface after 1st and 21st days of SBF immersion is further supported by in vitro bioactivity studies. Cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility analyses undoubtedly confirmed the biocompatibility behavior of PMMA-based bioactive scaffolds. Nano-CT investigation demonstrates that PMMA-CaP scaffolds provide more or less alike morphologies of composites that resemble the natural bone. Therefore, this combination of scaffolds could be considered as potential biomaterials for bone regeneration application. This detailed study promisingly demonstrates the eminence of the unique scaffolds in the direction of regenerative medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Elakkiya
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Chennai 600025, India
| | - P Bargavi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
| | - S Balakumar
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Chennai 600025, India.
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2
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Larissa P, Gambrill B, de Carvalho RDP, Picolo MZD, Cavalli V, Boaro LCC, Prokopovich P, Cogo-Müller K. Development, characterization and antimicrobial activity of multilayer silica nanoparticles with chlorhexidine incorporated into dental composites. Dent Mater 2023; 39:469-477. [PMID: 36934036 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study a dentistry nanocomposite with prolonged antibacterial activity using silica nanoparticles (SNPs) loaded with chlorhexidine (CHX) was developed. METHODS SNPs were coated with the Layer-by-Layer technique. Dental composites were prepared with organic matrix of BisGMA/TEGDMA and SNPs with or without CHX (0, 10, 20 or 30% w/w). The physicochemical properties of the developed material were evaluated and agar diffusion method was used to test the antibacterial. In addition, the biofilm inhibitory activity of the composites was evaluated against S. mutans. RESULTS SNPs were rounded with diameters about 50 nm, the organic load increased with increasing deposited layers. Material samples with SNPs loaded with CHX (CHX-SNPs) showed the highest values of post-gel volumetric shrinkage, that ranged from 0.3% to 0.81%. Samples containing CHX-SNPs 30% w/w showed the highest values of flexural strength and modulus of elasticity. Only samples containing SNPs-CHX showed growth inhibition against S. mutans, S. mitis and S. gordonii in a concentration-dependent manner. The composites with CHX-SNPs reduced the biofilm formation of S. mutans biofilm at 24 h and 72 h. SIGNIFICANCE The nanoparticle studied acted as fillers and did not interfere with the evaluated physicochemical properties while providing antimicrobial activity against streptococci. Therefore, this initial study is a step forward to the synthesis of experimental composites with improved performance using CHX-SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavanello Larissa
- Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Benjamin Gambrill
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Vanessa Cavalli
- Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Polina Prokopovich
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| | - Karina Cogo-Müller
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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3
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Huo J, Chen C, Gao D, Yang L, Qu R, Jiang H, Chen X, Guo Y, Zhu S, Ou D, Zhao L. Ultrasound-Guided Capsular Thyroid Injection Therapy With Dexamethasone and Lidocaine Mixture for Subacute Thyroiditis: A Single-Center Study. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2023; 42:613-621. [PMID: 36056908 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a self-limiting, inflammatory thyroid disease possibly caused by viral infection. In recent years, the incidence of SAT is increasing, especially during the pandemic of the COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and recovery time of capsular thyroid injection therapy under ultrasound guidance for SAT. METHODS A total of 73 patients with SAT were divided into two groups. Patients in group A (n = 48) received an ultrasound-guided capsular injection consisting of dexamethasone (DEX) and lidocaine in the thyroid lesion area, while patients in group B (n = 25) received oral prednisolone (PSL). The two groups were compared for pain relief and treatment duration, the recovery time of thyroid function, recurrence rates, hypothyroidism incidence, and drug-related side effects. RESULTS The follow-up time was 1 year. In group A, the duration of pain relief, treatment, and recovery time of thyroid function were significantly shorter than that in group B (P < .05), and no statistically significant differences in recurrence rate or incidence of hypothyroidism were observed (P > .05). Weight gain was significantly higher in group A at the end of treatment (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Compared with oral PSL treatment, ultrasound-guided local injection of DEX and lidocaine into the capsular thyroid is a safe and effective procedure that can significantly reduce the treatment time of SAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Huo
- Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Dan Gao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Rui Qu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Hang Jiang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Youming Guo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Shuanghong Zhu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Dong Ou
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Lijin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Wu YL, Zhang CH, Teng Y, Pan Y, Liu NC, Liu PX, Zhu X, Su XL, Lin J. Propionate and butyrate attenuate macrophage pyroptosis and osteoclastogenesis induced by CoCrMo alloy particles. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:46. [PMID: 35996168 PMCID: PMC9396885 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wear particles-induced osteolysis is a major long-term complication after total joint arthroplasty. Up to now, there is no effective treatment for wear particles-induced osteolysis except for the revision surgery, which is a heavy psychological and economic burden to patients. A metabolite of gut microbiota, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), has been reported to be beneficial for many chronic inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of SCFAs on osteolysis. METHODS A model of inflammatory osteolysis was established by applying CoCrMo alloy particles to mouse calvarium. After two weeks of intervention, the anti-inflammatory effects of SCFAs on wear particle-induced osteolysis were evaluated by Micro-CT analysis and immunohistochemistry staining. In vitro study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) primed bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and Tohoku Hospital Pediatrics-1 (THP-1) macrophages were stimulated with CoCrMo particles to activate inflammasome in the presence of acetate (C2), propionate (C3), and butyrate (C4). Western blotting, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunofluorescence were used to detect the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. The effects of SCFAs on osteoclasts were evaluate by qRT-PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Additionally, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, agonists of GPR41, GPR43, and GPR109A were applied to confirm the underlying mechanism of SCFAs on the inflammasome activation of macrophages and osteoclastogenesis. RESULTS C3 and C4 but not C2 could alleviate wear particles-induced osteolysis with fewer bone erosion pits (P < 0.001), higher level of bone volume to tissue volume (BV/TV, P < 0.001), bone mineral density (BMD, P < 0.001), and a lower total porosity (P < 0.001). C3 and C4 prevented CoCrMo alloy particles-induced ASC speck formation and nucleation-induced oligomerization, suppressing the cleavage of caspase-1 (P < 0.05) and IL-1β (P < 0.05) stimulated by CoCrMo alloy particles. C3 and C4 also inhibited the generation of Gasdermin D-N-terminal fragment (GSDMD-NT) to regulate pyroptosis. Besides, C3 and C4 have a negative impact on osteoclast differentiation (P < 0.05) and its function (P < 0.05), affecting the podosome arrangement and morphologically normal podosome belts formation. CONCLUSION Our work showed that C3 and C4 are qualified candidates for the treatment of wear particle-induced osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Lin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Centre of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215001, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen-Hui Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Centre of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Teng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Nai-Cheng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pei-Xin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Lin Su
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Centre of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215001, Jiangsu, China.
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Su N, Villicana C, Yang F. Immunomodulatory strategies for bone regeneration: A review from the perspective of disease types. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121604. [PMID: 35667249 PMCID: PMC9881498 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering strategies for treating bone loss to date have largely focused on targeting stem cells or vascularization. Immune cells, including macrophages and T cells, can also indirectly enhance bone healing via cytokine secretion to interact with other bone niche cells. Bone niche cues and local immune environment vary depending on anatomical location, size of defects and disease types. As such, it is critical to evaluate the role of the immune system in the context of specific bone niche and different disease types. This review focuses on immunomodulation research for bone applications using biomaterials and cell-based strategies, with a unique perspective from different disease types. We first reviewed applications for prolonging orthopaedic implant lifetime and enhancing fracture healing, two clinical challenges where immunomodulatory strategies were initially developed for orthopedic applications. We then reviewed recent research progress in harnessing immunomodulatory strategies for regenerating critical-sized, long bone or cranial bone defects, and treating osteolytic bone diseases. Remaining gaps in knowledge, future directions and opportunities were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Cassandra Villicana
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,: Corresponding Author Fan Yang, Ph D, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, 240 Pasteur Dr, Palo Alto, CA 94304, Biomedical Innovation Building, 1st floor, Room 1200, , Phone: (650) 646-8558
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6
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pH-Sensitive mesoporous bisphosphonate-based TiO2 nanoparticles utilized for controlled drug delivery of dexamethasone. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Cho KW, Sunwoo SH, Hong YJ, Koo JH, Kim JH, Baik S, Hyeon T, Kim DH. Soft Bioelectronics Based on Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2021; 122:5068-5143. [PMID: 34962131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanostructured materials and unconventional device designs have transformed the bioelectronics from a rigid and bulky form into a soft and ultrathin form and brought enormous advantages to the bioelectronics. For example, mechanical deformability of the soft bioelectronics and thus its conformal contact onto soft curved organs such as brain, heart, and skin have allowed researchers to measure high-quality biosignals, deliver real-time feedback treatments, and lower long-term side-effects in vivo. Here, we review various materials, fabrication methods, and device strategies for flexible and stretchable electronics, especially focusing on soft biointegrated electronics using nanomaterials and their composites. First, we summarize top-down material processing and bottom-up synthesis methods of various nanomaterials. Next, we discuss state-of-the-art technologies for intrinsically stretchable nanocomposites composed of nanostructured materials incorporated in elastomers or hydrogels. We also briefly discuss unconventional device design strategies for soft bioelectronics. Then individual device components for soft bioelectronics, such as biosensing, data storage, display, therapeutic stimulation, and power supply devices, are introduced. Afterward, representative application examples of the soft bioelectronics are described. A brief summary with a discussion on remaining challenges concludes the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Won Cho
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Joseph Hong
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hoon Koo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Baik
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Al Thaher Y, Alotaibi HF, Yang L, Prokopovich P. PMMA bone cement containing long releasing silica-based chlorhexidine nanocarriers. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257947. [PMID: 34587194 PMCID: PMC8480893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prosthetic joint infections (PJI) are still an extremely concerning eventuality after joint replacement surgery; growing antibiotic resistance is also limiting the prophylactic and treatment options. Chlorhexidine (a widely used topical non-antibiotic antimicrobial compound) coatings on silica nanoparticles capable of prolonged drug release have been successfully developed and characterised. Such nanocarriers were incorporated into commercial formulation PMMA bone cement (Cemex), without adversely affecting the mechanical performance. Moreover, the bone cement containing the developed nanocarriers showed superior antimicrobial activity against different bacterial species encountered in PJI, including clinical isolates already resistant to gentamicin. Cytocompatibility tests also showed non inferior performance of the bone cements containing chlorhexidine releasing silica nanocarriers to the equivalent commercial formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Al Thaher
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Hadil Faris Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy College, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lirong Yang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Polina Prokopovich
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Perni S, Preedy EC, Prokopovich P. Amplify antimicrobial photo dynamic therapy efficacy with poly-beta-amino esters (PBAEs). Sci Rep 2021; 11:7275. [PMID: 33790379 PMCID: PMC8012660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86773-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-activated antimicrobial agents (photosensitisers) are promising alternatives to antibiotics for the treatment of skin infections and wounds through antimicrobial photo dynamic therapy (aPDT); utilisation of this technique is still restricted by general low efficacy requiring long exposure time (in the order of tens of minutes) that make the treatment very resource intensive. We report for the first time the possibility of harvesting the cell penetrating properties of poly-beta-amino esters (PBAEs) in combination with toluidine blue O (TBO) to shorten aPDT exposure time. Candidates capable of inactivation rates 30 times quicker than pure TBO were discovered and further improvements through PBAE backbone optimisation could be foreseen. Efficacy of the complexes was PBAE-dependent on a combination of TBO uptake and a newly discovered and unexpected role of PBAEs on reactive species production. Chemometric approach of partial least square regression was employed to assess the critical PBAE properties involved in this newly observed phenomenon in order to elicit a possible mechanism. The superior antimicrobial performance of this new approach benefits from the use of well established, low-cost and safe dye (TBO) coupled with inexpensive, widely tested and biodegradable polymers also known to be safe. Moreover, no adverse cytotoxic effects of the PBAEs adjuvated TBO delivery have been observed on a skin cells in vitro model demonstrating the safety profile of this new technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Perni
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Emily C Preedy
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Polina Prokopovich
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK.
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10
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Barrak FN, Li S, Muntane AM, Jones JR. Particle release from implantoplasty of dental implants and impact on cells. Int J Implant Dent 2020; 6:50. [PMID: 32918144 PMCID: PMC7486360 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-020-00247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With increasing numbers of dental implants placed annually, complications such as peri-implantitis and the subsequent periprosthetic osteolysis are becoming a major concern. Implantoplasty, a commonly used treatment of peri-implantitis, aims to remove plaque from exposed implants and reduce future microbial adhesion and colonisation by mechanically modifying the implant surface topography, delaying re-infection/colonisation of the site. This in vitro study aims to investigate the release of particles from dental implants and their effects on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), following an in vitro mock implantoplasty procedure with a diamond burr. Materials and methods Commercially available implants made from grade 4 (commercially pure, CP) titanium (G4) and grade 5 Ti-6Al-4 V titanium (G5) alloy implants were investigated. Implant particle compositions were quantified by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) following acid digestion. HGFs were cultured in presence of implant particles, and viability was determined using a metabolic activity assay. Results Microparticles and nanoparticles were released from both G4 and G5 implants following the mock implantoplasty procedure. A small amount of vanadium ions were released from G5 particles following immersion in both simulated body fluid and cell culture medium, resulting in significantly reduced viability of HGFs after 10 days of culture. Conclusion There is a need for careful evaluation of the materials used in dental implants and the potential risks of the individual constituents of any alloy. The potential cytotoxicity of G5 titanium alloy particles should be considered when choosing a device for dental implants. Additionally, regardless of implant material, the implantoplasty procedure can release nanometre-sized particles, the full systemic effect of which is not fully understood. As such, authors do not recommend implantoplasty for the treatment of peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi N Barrak
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Siwei Li
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Albert M Muntane
- School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Julian R Jones
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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11
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Long acting anti-infection constructs on titanium. J Control Release 2020; 326:91-105. [PMID: 32580044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Peri-prosthetic joint infections (PJI) are a serious adverse event following joint replacement surgeries; antibiotics are usually added to bone cement to prevent infection offset. For uncemented prosthesis, alternative antimicrobial approaches are necessary in order to prevent PJI; however, despite elution of drug from the surface of the device being shown one of the most promising approach, no effective antimicrobial eluting uncemented device is currently available on the market. Consequently, there is a clinical need for non-antibiotic antimicrobial uncemented prosthesis as these devices present numerous benefits, particularly for young patients, over cemented artificial joints. Moreover, non-antibiotic approaches are driven by the need to address the growing threat posed by antibiotic resistance. We developed a multilayers functional coating on titanium surfaces releasing chlorhexidine, a well-known antimicrobial agent used in mouthwash products and antiseptic creams, embedding the drug between alginate and poly-beta-amino-esters. Chlorhexidine release was sustained for almost 2 months and the material efficacy and safety was proven both in vitro and in vivo. The coatings did not negatively impact osteoblast and fibroblast cells growth and were capable of reducing bacterial load and accelerating wound healing in an excisional wound model. As PJI can develop weeks and months after the initial surgery, these materials could provide a viable solution to prevent infections after arthroplasty in uncemented prosthetic devices and, simultaneously, help the fight against antibiotic resistance.
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12
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Impaired Autophagy in the Fibroblasts by Titanium Particles Increased the Release of CX3CL1 and Promoted the Chemotactic Migration of Monocytes. Inflammation 2019; 43:673-685. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Alotaibi HF, Perni S, Prokopovich P. Nanoparticle-based model of anti-inflammatory drug releasing LbL coatings for uncemented prosthesis aseptic loosening prevention. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:7309-7322. [PMID: 31571855 PMCID: PMC6750844 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s217112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The only treatment for aseptic loosening is the replacement of the prosthesis through revision surgery. A preventive approach, achieved through anti-inflammatory drugs released from the device, has shown to be a viable strategy; however, the performance of these devices is not yet satisfactory thus further improvements are necessary. Methods We used titanium nanoparticles as a model for implant surfaces and developed a coating containing dexamethasone (DEX) using layer-by-layer deposition. Results The amount of deposited drug depended on the number of layers and the release was sustained for months. The efficiency of the released DEX in reducing inflammation markers (tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-6) produced by human monocytes and macrophages was similar to the pure drug at the same concentration without negative impacts on the viability and morphology of these cells. Conclusion These coatings were not inferior to medical grade titanium (the standard material used in uncemented devices) regarding their ability to sustain osteoblasts and fibroblasts growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Perni
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Polina Prokopovich
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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