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Fayez N, Ibrahim MK, Farrag HA, Mohamed MAEH, Tablawy SYE. Synergistic effect of doxycycline and aqueous extract of irradiated khella on structure of nanobacteria isolated from kidney stones: In vitro and in vivo studies. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:1275-1294. [PMID: 37795914 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Kidney stones have been associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney diseases, end-stage renal failure. This study is devoted to isolate nanobacteria from patients with active urolithiasis and investigate the in vitro and in vivo antinanobacterial activity of some antibiotics alone or in combination with extracts of irradiated herbs from certain medicinal plants. Nanobacteria were detected using scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, protein electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and DNA profile. The antimicrobial susceptibility of some biofilm-producing nanobacterial isolates was evaluated. The effect of medicinal plant extracts on growth was tested. A combination treatment between the most potent extracts and antibiotics was tested on biofilm production, protein profile, release of 260 nm absorbing material, protein content, and ultrastructure of the strongest biofilm producers. In vivo study of nanobacteria and its treatment by the most potent agents was evaluated on male rats. Renal function was measured in serum; histological examination and oxidative stress parameters were determined in kidney tissues. Results showed that streptomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline, and water extracts of irradiated khella at 6 kGy had antinanobacterial activity. Meanwhile, the synergistic effect of the aqueous extract of irradiated Khella and doxycycline showed higher inhibition activity on microbial growth and biofilm production. They affected dramatically the strength of its cell membrane and subsequently its ultrastructure. Moreover, these results are confirmed by ameliorations in renal function and histological alterations. It could be concluded that the combination of DO and an aqueous extract of irradiated khella has an antinephrotoxic effect against nanobacteria-induced renal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Fayez
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, Atomic Energy Authority, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Hala Abdullah Farrag
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, Atomic Energy Authority, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Abd El Hameed Mohamed
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, Atomic Energy Authority, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Seham Yousef El Tablawy
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, Atomic Energy Authority, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Cairo, Egypt
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GENÇ S, ÖZKAN Y, KÜKRER S, ŞİRİNOĞLU H, MİHMANLI V. Preterm placental calcification: maternal calcium, magnesium, 25(OH)D levels and adverse obstetric outcomes in low-risk pregnant women. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.1065286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Qin W, Wang CY, Ma YX, Shen MJ, Li J, Jiao K, Tay FR, Niu LN. Microbe-Mediated Extracellular and Intracellular Mineralization: Environmental, Industrial, and Biotechnological Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907833. [PMID: 32270552 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbe-mediated mineralization is ubiquitous in nature, involving bacteria, fungi, viruses, and algae. These mineralization processes comprise calcification, silicification, and iron mineralization. The mechanisms for mineral formation include extracellular and intracellular biomineralization. The mineral precipitating capability of microbes is often harnessed for green synthesis of metal nanoparticles, which are relatively less toxic compared with those synthesized through physical or chemical methods. Microbe-mediated mineralization has important applications ranging from pollutant removal and nonreactive carriers, to other industrial and biomedical applications. Herein, the different types of microbe-mediated biomineralization that occur in nature, their mechanisms, as well as their applications are elucidated to create a backdrop for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min-Juan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Franklin R Tay
- College of Graduate Studies, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Li-Na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
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Zeng J, Marcus A, Buhtoiarova T, Mittal K. Distribution and potential significance of intravillous and intrafibrinous particulate microcalcification. Placenta 2017; 50:94-98. [PMID: 28161068 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Radiologic studies indicate that placental calcifications seen at 28-32 weeks' gestation are associated with adverse fetal outcome. One type of placental calcification is typically located at the basement membrane of chorionic villi. It has a fine particulate appearance and can only be seen microscopically. We have designated these calcifications as Intravillous and Intrafibrinous Particulate MicroCalcification (IPMC). In this study we examined the distribution and potential significance of IPMC. Placentas from 14 groups of fetal and maternal outcomes are examined histologically for IPMC. These groups were preterm birth, post term birth, intrauterine fetal demise, fetuses with non-reassuring heart rates, intrauterine growth restriction, fetal anomalies, mothers with gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, placental abruption, pre-eclampsia and placentas of normal spontaneous vaginal births and placentas with chorioamnionitis, chronic villitis and infarcts. We observed fine dust-like particulates deposited in continuous and discrete patches. The particulates were predominantly located in the basement membranes of fibrotic chorionic villi and in perivillous fibrin. Compared to placentas without adverse outcomes, a higher incidence of IPMC was seen in intrauterine fetal demise cases and in cases with infarcts which suggests that hypoxia played a role in the etiology of IPMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Zeng
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, 10016 New York, NY, USA.
| | - Alan Marcus
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, 10016 New York, NY, USA
| | - Tatiana Buhtoiarova
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, 10016 New York, NY, USA
| | - Khushbakhat Mittal
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, 10016 New York, NY, USA
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Apoptosis-mediated endothelial toxicity but not direct calcification or functional changes in anti-calcification proteins defines pathogenic effects of calcium phosphate bions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27255. [PMID: 27251104 PMCID: PMC4890115 DOI: 10.1038/srep27255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphate bions (CPB) are biomimetic mineralo-organic nanoparticles which represent a physiological mechanism regulating the function, transport and disposal of calcium and phosphorus in the human body. We hypothesised that CPB may be pathogenic entities and even a cause of cardiovascular calcification. Here we revealed that CPB isolated from calcified atherosclerotic plaques and artificially synthesised CPB are morphologically and chemically indistinguishable entities. Their formation is accelerated along with the increase in calcium salts-phosphates/serum concentration ratio. Experiments in vitro and in vivo showed that pathogenic effects of CPB are defined by apoptosis-mediated endothelial toxicity but not by direct tissue calcification or functional changes in anti-calcification proteins. Since the factors underlying the formation of CPB and their pathogenic mechanism closely resemble those responsible for atherosclerosis development, further research in this direction may help us to uncover triggers of this disease.
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Abrol N, Panda A, Kekre NS, Devasia A. Nanobacteria in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis: Myth or reality? Indian J Urol 2015; 31:3-7. [PMID: 25624568 PMCID: PMC4300568 DOI: 10.4103/0970-1591.134235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Stone formation in the urinary tract is a common phenomenon with associated morbidity. The exact physicochemical factors responsible for stone formation are not clearly known. Over the past decade considerable interest has been generated in defining the role of nanobacteria in urinary stone formation. A review of the available literature has been carried out to give insights into their nature and outline their role in stone formation. The two aspects of nanobacteria that need to be considered include its biological nature and the other merely as mineralo-protein complexes. Though the current literature favors the concept of mineralo-protein particles, further research is needed to clearly define their nature. Whether living or nonliving, these apatite forming nanoparticles appear to play role in kidney stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Abrol
- Department of Urology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arabind Panda
- Department of Urology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nitin S Kekre
- Department of Urology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Antony Devasia
- Department of Urology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhang M, Yang J, Shu J, Fu C, Liu S, Xu G, Zhang D. Cytotoxicity induced by nanobacteria and nanohydroxyapatites in human choriocarcinoma cells. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:616. [PMID: 25411570 PMCID: PMC4236216 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We explored the cytotoxic effects of nanobacteria (NB) and nanohydroxyapatites (nHAPs) against human choriocarcinoma cells (JAR) and the mechanisms of action underlying their cytotoxicity. JAR cells were co-cultured with NB and nHAPs for 48 h, and ultrastructural changes were more readily induced by NB than nHAPs. Autophagy in the plasma of JAR cells were observed in the NB group. The rate of apoptosis induced by NB was higher than that for nHAPs. The expression of Bax and FasR proteins in the NB group was stronger than that for the nHAP group. NB probably resulted in autophagic formation. Apoptosis was possibly activated via FasL binding to the FasR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Zhang
- Molecular Medicine and Tumor Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinmei Yang
- Molecular Medicine and Tumor Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Shu
- Molecular Medicine and Tumor Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changhong Fu
- The First People’s Hospital of Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Liu
- Molecular Medicine and Tumor Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Xu
- Electron Microscopy Group, Department of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dechun Zhang
- Molecular Medicine and Tumor Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People’s Republic of China
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Comparison of polymerase chain reaction and immunologic methods for the detection of nanobacterial infection in type-III prostatitis. Urology 2014; 84:731.e9-13. [PMID: 25168570 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunologic methods for the detection of nanobacteria (NB) in the expressed prostatic secretions (EPSs) of patients with type-III prostatitis. METHODS In total, 150 patients with type-III prostatitis for whom conventional clinical treatment had failed were selected from September 2009 to April 2010. The EPS of each patient was divided into 3 parts, which were used for PCR analysis, indirect immunofluorescence staining (IIFS), and culture and subsequent indirect immunofluorescence staining (CIIFS). RESULTS PCR analysis has a higher sensitivity than IIFS for the detection of NB in EPSs. Of 83 CIIFS-positive EPS samples, 79 (95.2%) were positive by PCR. Of 67 EPS samples that were negative by CIIFS, 60 (89.6%) were negative by PCR. The sensitivity of PCR for the detection of NB compared with the CIIFS method was 95.2%, with a specificity of 89.6%. The positive predictive value was 91.9%, and the negative predictive value was 93.8%. A comparative evaluation showed no statistically significant difference between PCR and CIIFS in the detection of NB in EPSs. A strong agreement in the positive and the negative results obtained by PCR and CIIFS for NB detection was found for all EPS samples. CONCLUSION PCR analysis has a higher sensitivity than IIFS for NB detection in type-III prostatitis. PCR can detect nanobacterial infection in type-III prostatitis equally well as CIIFS and offers significant advantages for the rapid, simple, and economical detection of nanobacterial infection in type-III prostatitis.
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Kutikhin AG, Yuzhalin AE, Borisov VV, Velikanova EA, Frolov AV, Sakharova VM, Brusina EB, Golovkin AS. Calcifying nanoparticles: one face of distinct entities? Front Microbiol 2014; 5:214. [PMID: 24904533 PMCID: PMC4033009 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anton G Kutikhin
- Division of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases under the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Kemerovo, Russia ; Department of Epidemiology, Kemerovo State Medical Academy Kemerovo, Russia ; Central Research Laboratory, Kemerovo State Medical Academy Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Arseniy E Yuzhalin
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
| | - Vadim V Borisov
- Division of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases under the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Elena A Velikanova
- Division of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases under the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Alexey V Frolov
- Division of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases under the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Vera M Sakharova
- Division of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases under the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Elena B Brusina
- Division of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases under the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Kemerovo, Russia ; Department of Epidemiology, Kemerovo State Medical Academy Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Alexey S Golovkin
- Division of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases under the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Kemerovo, Russia
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Zhang MJ, Liu SN, Xu G, Guo YN, Fu JN, Zhang DC. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induced by nanobacteria in human breast cancer cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 9:265-71. [PMID: 24403832 PMCID: PMC3883551 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s54906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The existing evidence that nanobacteria (NB) are closely associated with human disease is overwhelming. However, their potential toxicity against cancer cells has not yet been reported. The objective of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of NB and nanohydroxyapatites (nHAPs) against human breast cancer cells and to elucidate the mechanisms of action underlying their cytotoxicity. Methodology/principal findings NB were isolated from calcified placental tissue, and nHAPs were artificially synthesized. The viability of the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line was tested by using the Kit-8 cell counting kit assay. Apoptosis was examined by transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry. The endocytosis of NB and nHAPs by MDA-MB-231 cells was initially confirmed by microscopy. Although both NB and nHAPs significantly decreased MDA-MB-231 cell viability and increased the population of apoptotic cells, NB were more potent than nHAPs. After 72 hours, NB also caused ultrastructural changes typical of apoptosis, such as chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation, nuclear dissolution, mitochondrial swelling, and the formation of apoptotic bodies. Conclusion/significance In MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, NB and nHAPs exerted cytotoxic effects that were associated with the induction of apoptosis. The effects exerted by NB were more potent than those induced by nHAPs. NB cytotoxicity probably emerged from toxic metabolites or protein components, rather than merely the hydroxyapatite shells. NB divided during culturing, and similar to cells undergoing binary fission, many NB particles were observed in culture by transmission electron microscopy, suggesting they are live microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-jun Zhang
- Molecular Medicine and Tumor Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-nan Liu
- Molecular Medicine and Tumor Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Xu
- Electron Microscopy Group, Department of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-nan Guo
- Molecular Medicine and Tumor Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-nan Fu
- First People's Hospital of Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - De-chun Zhang
- Molecular Medicine and Tumor Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
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Schwartsburd PM, Agababov R, Vainshtein M. Gender difference in calcification diseases: is it the result of gender-specific ways of nano-bacterial expansion? Med Hypotheses 2013; 81:911-2. [PMID: 24018282 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gender difference has been reported for frequency of the calcification diseases in urogenital system: according to published statistics data, they are more numerous in males. We suggest that the male increasing is due to nanobacterial infections and ways of their dissemination. There are specific gender-dependent ways for these infections which bring infection to the different target organs, namely: urinary tract, kidney, prostate in men and placenta in women. Identification of the suggested microbial pathogens and investigation of sex-determined pathways for the dissemination are the following steps to get ascertaining events of gender reasons for different calcification diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Schwartsburd
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russ. Acad. Sci., Pushchino, Russia.
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Kumon H, Matsuura E, Nagaoka N, Yamamoto T, Uehara S, Araki M, Matsunami Y, Kobayashi K, Matsumoto A. Ectopic calcification: importance of common nanoparticle scaffolds containing oxidized acidic lipids. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 10:441-50. [PMID: 24028895 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The term nanobacteria, sometimes referred to as nanobacteria-like particles (NLPs), is presently recognized as a misnomer for inert calcified nanoparticles. However, misinterpretation of its propagation as a living organism still continues. Ultrastructural and elemental analyses, combining immuno-electron microscopy with an original NLP isolate (P-17) derived from urinary stones, and an IgM monoclonal antibody (CL-15) raised against P-17 have now revealed that, oxidized lipids with acidified functional groups were key elements in NLP propagation. Lamellar structures composed of acidic/oxidized lipids provided structural scaffolds for carbonate apatite crystals. During in vitro culture, lipid peroxidation induced by γ-irradiation of FBS was a major cause of accelerated NLP propagation. In pathological tissue samples from hyperlipidemic atherosclerosis-prone mice, CL-15 co-localized with fatty plaques, macrophage infiltrates and osteocalcin staining of aortic valve lesions. These observations indicate that naturally occurring NLP composed of mineralo-oxidized lipids complexes are generated as by-products rather than etiological agents of chronic inflammation. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR The term "nanobacteria-like particles (NLPs)" is presently recognized as a misnomer for inert calcified nanoparticles as opposed to living organisms. This study convincingly demonstrates that naturally occurring NLPs composed of mineralo-oxidized lipid complexes are generated as by-products rather than etiological agents of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Kumon
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Eiji Matsuura
- Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagaoka
- Department of Oral Morphology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshio Yamamoto
- Department of Oral Morphology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinya Uehara
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Motoo Araki
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yukana Matsunami
- Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kobayashi
- Department of Cell Chemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akira Matsumoto
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Tsurumoto T, Saiki K, Okamoto K, Imamura T, Maeda J, Manabe Y, Wakebe T. Periarticular osteophytes as an appendicular joint stress marker (JSM): analysis in a contemporary Japanese skeletal collection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57049. [PMID: 23437307 PMCID: PMC3577756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility that periarticular osteophytes plays a role as a appendicular joint stress marker (JSM) which reflects the biomechanical stresses on individuals and populations. Methods A total of 366 contemporary Japanese skeletons (231 males, 135 females) were examined closely to evaluate the periarticular osteophytes of six major joints, the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle and osteophyte scores (OS) were determined using an original grading system. These scores were aggregated and analyzed statistically from some viewpoints. Results All of the OS for the respective joints were correlated logarithmically with the age-at-death of the individuals. For 70 individuals, in whom both sides of all six joints were evaluated without missing values, the age-standardized OS were calculated. A right side dominancy was recognized in the joints of the upper extremities, shoulder and wrist joints, and the bilateral correlations were large in the three joints on the lower extremity. For the shoulder joint and the hip joint, it was inferred by some distinctions that systemic factors were relatively large. All of these six joints could be assorted by the extent of systemic and local factors on osteophytes formation. Moreover, when the age-standardized OS of all the joints was summed up, some individuals had significantly high total scores, and others had significantly low total scores; namely, all of the individuals varied greatly in their systemic predisposition for osteophytes formation. Conclusions This study demonstrated the significance of periarticular osteophytes; the evaluating system for OS could be used to detect differences among joints and individuals. Periarticular osteophytes could be applied as an appendicular joint stress marker (JSM); by applying OS evaluating system for skeletal populations, intra-skeletal and inter-skeletal variations in biomechanical stresses throughout the lives could be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Tsurumoto
- Department of Macroscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq A Shiekh
- Correspondence: Farooq A Shiekh, URMITE, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France, Tel +33 4 91 32 44 80, Fax +33 4 91 38 77 72, Email
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