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Lai J, Wang Z, Zhou H, Li P, Lu H, Tu T. Low-Intensity Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field Accelerates Osteogenic Transformation of Human Dermal Fibroblasts by Enhancing Cell Pluripotency. Cell Reprogram 2023; 25:300-309. [PMID: 38011697 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2023.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous human fibroblasts have the potential to differentiate into the osteogenic lineage under specific conditions and can be utilized for bone regeneration. However, their efficiency is currently unsatisfactory. Recently, low-intensity nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) stimulation has been demonstrated to enhance cell pluripotency by activating epigenetic regulatory pathways. In this study, human dermal fibroblasts were exposed to different intensities of nsPEF to assess whether these exposures resulted in changes in proliferation rate, calcium salt deposition, and expression of differentiation-related markers in different experimental groups. The results showed a significant increase in cell proliferation, pluripotency, bone marker expression, and osteogenic differentiation efficiency when stimulating cells with 5 kV/cm of nsPEF. However, cell proliferation and differentiation significantly decreased at 25 kV/cm. Additionally, the proliferation and efficiency of osteogenic differentiation were reduced when the nsPEF intensity was increased to 50 kV/cm. Treatment with a 5 kV/cm of nsPEF led to increased and concentrated expression of Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) in the nucleus. These observations suggest that human dermal fibroblasts possess a heightened potential to differentiate into osteogenic cells when activated with nsPEF at 5 kV/cm. Consequently, the nsPEF strengthening strategy shows promise for fibroblast-based tissue-engineered bone repair research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtian Lai
- Plastic & Esthetic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zewei Wang
- Plastic & Esthetic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Plastic & Esthetic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Tu
- Plastic & Esthetic Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Kavaliauskaitė J, Kazlauskaitė A, Lazutka JR, Mozolevskis G, Stirkė A. Pulsed Electric Fields Alter Expression of NF-κB Promoter-Controlled Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010451. [PMID: 35008875 PMCID: PMC8745616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility to artificially adjust and fine-tune gene expression is one of the key milestones in bioengineering, synthetic biology, and advanced medicine. Since the effects of proteins or other transgene products depend on the dosage, controlled gene expression is required for any applications, where even slight fluctuations of the transgene product impact its function or other critical cell parameters. In this context, physical techniques demonstrate optimistic perspectives, and pulsed electric field technology is a potential candidate for a noninvasive, biophysical gene regulator, exploiting an easily adjustable pulse generating device. We exposed mammalian cells, transfected with a NF-κB pathway-controlled transcription system, to a range of microsecond-duration pulsed electric field parameters. To prevent toxicity, we used protocols that would generate relatively mild physical stimulation. The present study, for the first time, proves the principle that microsecond-duration pulsed electric fields can alter single-gene expression in plasmid context in mammalian cells without significant damage to cell integrity or viability. Gene expression might be upregulated or downregulated depending on the cell line and parameters applied. This noninvasive, ligand-, cofactor-, nanoparticle-free approach enables easily controlled direct electrostimulation of the construct carrying the gene of interest; the discovery may contribute towards the path of simplification of the complexity of physical systems in gene regulation and create further synergies between electronics, synthetic biology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Kavaliauskaitė
- Laboratory of Bioelectrics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.K.); (A.K.)
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Auksė Kazlauskaitė
- Laboratory of Bioelectrics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.K.); (A.K.)
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Juozas Rimantas Lazutka
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10222 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Gatis Mozolevskis
- Laboratory of Prototyping of Electronic and Photonic Devices, Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga Str. 8, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Arūnas Stirkė
- Laboratory of Bioelectrics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.K.); (A.K.)
- Laboratory of Prototyping of Electronic and Photonic Devices, Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga Str. 8, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia;
- Correspondence:
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Das B, Shrirao A, Golberg A, Berthiaume F, Schloss R, Yarmush ML. Differential Cell Death and Regrowth of Dermal Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes After Application of Pulsed Electric Fields. Bioelectricity 2020; 2:175-185. [PMID: 34471845 PMCID: PMC8370327 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2020.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: High-powered pulsed electric fields (PEF) may be used for tissue debridement and disinfection, while lower PEF intensities may stimulate beneficial cellular responses for wound healing. We investigated the dual effects of nonuniform PEF on cellular death and stimulation. Methods: Dermal fibroblast or keratinocyte monolayers were exposed to PEF induced by two needle electrodes (2 mm apart). Voltages (100-600 V; 1 Hz; 70 micros pulse width; 90 pulses/cycle) were applied between the two electrodes. Controls consisted of similar monolayers subjected to a scratch mechanical injury. Results: Cell growth and closure of the cell-free gap was faster in PEF-treated cell monolayers versus scratched ones. Media conditioned from cells pre-exposed to PEF, when applied to responder cells, stimulated greater proliferation than media from scratched monolayers. Conclusions: PEF treatment causes the release of soluble factors that promote cell growth, and thus may play a role in the accelerated healing of wounds post PEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodhisatwa Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anil Shrirao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alexander Golberg
- Department of Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Francois Berthiaume
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rene Schloss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Martin L. Yarmush
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Hamada Y, Furumoto Y, Izutani A, Taniuchi S, Miyake M, Oyadomari M, Teranishi K, Shimomura N, Oyadomari S. Nanosecond pulsed electric fields induce the integrated stress response via reactive oxygen species-mediated heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI) activation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229948. [PMID: 32155190 PMCID: PMC7064201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) is one of the most important cytoprotective mechanisms and is integrated by phosphorylation of the α subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α). Four eIF2α kinases, heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI), double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR), PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), and general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2), are activated in response to several stress conditions. We previously reported that nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) are a potential therapeutic tool for ISR activation. In this study, we examined which eIF2α kinase is activated by nsPEF treatment. To assess the responsible eIF2α kinase, we used previously established eIF2α kinase quadruple knockout (4KO) and single eIF2α kinase-rescued 4KO mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells. nsPEFs 70 ns in duration with 30 kV/cm electric fields caused eIF2α phosphorylation in wild-type (WT) MEF cells. On the other hand, nsPEF-induced eIF2α phosphorylation was completely abolished in 4KO MEF cells and was recovered by HRI overexpression. CM-H2DCFDA staining showed that nsPEFs generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), which activated HRI. nsPEF-induced eIF2α phosphorylation was blocked by treatment with the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Our results indicate that the eIF2α kinase HRI is responsible for nsPEF-induced ISR activation and is activated by nsPEF-generated ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Hamada
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute for Genome Research, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuji Furumoto
- Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akira Izutani
- Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shusuke Taniuchi
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute for Genome Research, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masato Miyake
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute for Genome Research, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Miho Oyadomari
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute for Genome Research, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kenji Teranishi
- Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Shimomura
- Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Seiichi Oyadomari
- Division of Molecular Biology, Institute for Genome Research, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Center, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Beebe SJ, Lassiter BP, Guo S. Nanopulse Stimulation (NPS) Induces Tumor Ablation and Immunity in Orthotopic 4T1 Mouse Breast Cancer: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040097. [PMID: 29601471 PMCID: PMC5923352 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanopulse Stimulation (NPS) eliminates mouse and rat tumor types in several different animal models. NPS induces protective, vaccine-like effects after ablation of orthotopic rat N1-S1 hepatocellular carcinoma. Here we review some general concepts of NPS in the context of studies with mouse metastatic 4T1 mammary cancer showing that the postablation, vaccine-like effect is initiated by dynamic, multilayered immune mechanisms. NPS eliminates primary 4T1 tumors by inducing immunogenic, caspase-independent programmed cell death (PCD). With lower electric fields, like those peripheral to the primary treatment zone, NPS can activate dendritic cells (DCs). The activation of DCs by dead/dying cells leads to increases in memory effector and central memory T-lymphocytes in the blood and spleen. NPS also eliminates immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment and blood. Finally, NPS treatment of 4T1 breast cancer exhibits an abscopal effect and largely prevents spontaneous metastases to distant organs. NPS with fast rise–fall times and pulse durations near the plasma membrane charging time constant, which exhibits transient, high-frequency components (1/time = Hz), induce responses from mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and nucleus. Such effects may be responsible for release of danger-associated molecular patterns, including ATP, calreticulin, and high mobility group box 1 (HMBG1) from 4T1-Luc cells to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD). This likely leads to immunity and the vaccine-like response. In this way, NPS acts as a unique onco-immunotherapy providing distinct therapeutic advantages showing possible clinical utility for breast cancers as well as for other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Beebe
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, 4211 Monarch Ways, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA.
| | - Brittany P Lassiter
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, 4211 Monarch Ways, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA.
| | - Siqi Guo
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, 4211 Monarch Ways, Suite 300, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA.
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Xu X, Chen Y, Zhang R, Miao X, Chen X. Activation of Anti-tumor Immune Response by Ablation of HCC with Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2018; 6:85-88. [PMID: 29577034 PMCID: PMC5863003 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2017.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Locoregional therapy is playing an increasingly important role in the non-surgical management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The novel technique of non-thermal electric ablation by nanosecond pulsed electric field has been recognized as a potential locoregional methodology for indicated HCC. This manuscript explores the most recent studies to indicate its unique anti-tumor immune response. The possible immune mechanism, termed as nano-pulse stimulation, was also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiling Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruiqing Zhang
- Hepatobiliary & Hydatid Department, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Centre, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xudong Miao
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence to: Xinhua Chen, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China. Tel: +86-571-87236570, Fax: +86-571-87236466, E-mail:
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Evaluation of the Genetic Response of U937 and Jurkat Cells to 10-Nanosecond Electrical Pulses (nsEP). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154555. [PMID: 27135944 PMCID: PMC4852903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanosecond electrical pulse (nsEP) exposure activates signaling pathways, produces oxidative stress, stimulates hormone secretion, causes cell swelling and induces apoptotic and necrotic death. The underlying biophysical connection(s) between these diverse cellular reactions and nsEP has yet to be elucidated. Using global genetic analysis, we evaluated how two commonly studied cell types, U937 and Jurkat, respond to nsEP exposure. We hypothesized that by studying the genetic response of the cells following exposure, we would gain direct insight into the stresses experienced by the cell and in turn better understand the biophysical interaction taking place during the exposure. Using Ingenuity Systems software, we found genes associated with cell growth, movement and development to be significantly up-regulated in both cell types 4 h post exposure to nsEP. In agreement with our hypothesis, we also found that both cell lines exhibit significant biological changes consistent with mechanical stress induction. These results advance nsEP research by providing strong evidence that the interaction of nsEPs with cells involves mechanical stress.
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Kulbacka J. Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) impact and enhanced Photofrin II® delivery in photodynamic reaction in cancer and normal cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 12:621-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Beebe J S. Mechanisms of Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field (NsPEF)-Induced Cell Death in Cells and Tumors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.15406/jnmr.2015.02.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Beebe SJ. Hepatocellular carcinoma ablation and possible immunity in the age of nanosecond pulsed electric fields. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2015; 2:49-55. [PMID: 27508194 PMCID: PMC4918284 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s83941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Beebe
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) regulate phenotypes of chondrocytes through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5836. [PMID: 25060711 PMCID: PMC5376156 DOI: 10.1038/srep05836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) characterized by high voltage, low energy and non-thermal effects, have been broadly investigated as a potential tumor therapy; however, little is known about their effects on somatic cells. In this current study, we evaluated effects of nsPEFs on the phenotype of chondrocytes (morphology, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, proliferation and gene expression) and explored the mechanisms involved. Our results demonstrated that exposing chondrocytes to nsPEFs led to enhanced proliferation and dedifferentiation, evidenced by the upregulated gene expression of collagen type I (COL I) and downregulated gene expression of Sox9, collagen type II (COL II) and aggrecan (AGG) with activation of the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Inhibition of the wnt/β-catenin pathway partially blocked these effects. Thus we concluded that nsPEFs induce dedifferentiation of chondrocytes partially through transient activation of the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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