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Jivago JLPR, Brito JLM, Capistrano G, Vinícius-Araújo M, Lima Verde E, Bakuzis AF, Souza PEN, Azevedo RB, Lucci CM. New Prospects in Neutering Male Animals Using Magnetic Nanoparticle Hyperthermia. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091465. [PMID: 34575541 PMCID: PMC8467495 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling populations of free-roaming dogs and cats poses a huge challenge worldwide. Non-surgical neutering strategies for male animals have been long pursued, but the implementation of the procedures developed has remained limited to date. As submitting the testes to high temperatures impairs spermatogenesis, the present study investigated localized application of magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia (MNH) to the testicles as a potential non-surgical sterilization method for animals. An intratesticular injection of a magnetic fluid composed of manganese-ferrite nanoparticles functionalized with citrate was administered followed by testicle exposure to an alternate magnetic field to generate localized heat. Testicular MNH was highly effective, causing progressive seminiferous tubule degeneration followed by substitution of the parenchyma with stromal tissue and gonadal atrophy, suggesting an irreversible process with few side effects to general animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luiz P. R. Jivago
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (J.L.P.R.J.); (J.L.M.B.)
| | - Juliana Lis Mendes Brito
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (J.L.P.R.J.); (J.L.M.B.)
| | - Gustavo Capistrano
- Institute of Physics and CNanoMed, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74884-092, GO, Brazil; (G.C.); (M.V.-A.); (A.F.B.)
| | - Marcus Vinícius-Araújo
- Institute of Physics and CNanoMed, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74884-092, GO, Brazil; (G.C.); (M.V.-A.); (A.F.B.)
| | - Ediron Lima Verde
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Pontal do Araguaia 78060-900, MT, Brazil;
| | - Andris Figueiroa Bakuzis
- Institute of Physics and CNanoMed, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74884-092, GO, Brazil; (G.C.); (M.V.-A.); (A.F.B.)
| | - Paulo E. N. Souza
- Laboratory of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil;
| | - Ricardo Bentes Azevedo
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil;
| | - Carolina Madeira Lucci
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (J.L.P.R.J.); (J.L.M.B.)
- Correspondence:
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2
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Mohamed MA, Mohamed AEMA, Abd-Elsalam KA. Magnetic Nanoparticles in Plant Protection: Promises and Risks. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE LIFE SCIENCES 2019:225-246. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16439-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Mourdikoudis S, Pallares RM, Thanh NTK. Characterization techniques for nanoparticles: comparison and complementarity upon studying nanoparticle properties. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:12871-12934. [PMID: 29926865 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02278j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 574] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructures have attracted huge interest as a rapidly growing class of materials for many applications. Several techniques have been used to characterize the size, crystal structure, elemental composition and a variety of other physical properties of nanoparticles. In several cases, there are physical properties that can be evaluated by more than one technique. Different strengths and limitations of each technique complicate the choice of the most suitable method, while often a combinatorial characterization approach is needed. In addition, given that the significance of nanoparticles in basic research and applications is constantly increasing, it is necessary that researchers from separate fields overcome the challenges in the reproducible and reliable characterization of nanomaterials, after their synthesis and further process (e.g. annealing) stages. The principal objective of this review is to summarize the present knowledge on the use, advances, advantages and weaknesses of a large number of experimental techniques that are available for the characterization of nanoparticles. Different characterization techniques are classified according to the concept/group of the technique used, the information they can provide, or the materials that they are destined for. We describe the main characteristics of the techniques and their operation principles and we give various examples of their use, presenting them in a comparative mode, when possible, in relation to the property studied in each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Mourdikoudis
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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4
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Real-time liver uptake and biodistribution of magnetic nanoparticles determined by AC biosusceptometry. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:1519-1529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Próspero AG, Quini CC, Bakuzis AF, Fidelis-de-Oliveira P, Moretto GM, Mello FPF, Calabresi MFF, Matos RVR, Zandoná EA, Zufelato N, Oliveira RB, Miranda JRA. Real-time in vivo monitoring of magnetic nanoparticles in the bloodstream by AC biosusceptometry. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:22. [PMID: 28327191 PMCID: PMC5361818 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We introduce and demonstrate that the AC biosusceptometry (ACB) technique enables real-time monitoring of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in the bloodstream. We present an ACB system as a simple, portable, versatile, non-invasive, and accessible tool to study pharmacokinetic parameters of MNPs, such as circulation time, in real time. We synthesized and monitored manganese doped iron oxide nanoparticles in the bloodstream of Wistar rats using two different injection protocols. Aiming towards a translational approach, we also simultaneously evaluated cardiovascular parameters, including mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and episodes of arrhythmia in order to secure the well-being of all animals. Results We found that serial injections increased the circulation time compared with single injections. Immediately after each injection, we observed a transitory drop in arterial pressure, a small drop in heart rate, and no episodes of arrhythmia. Although some cardiovascular effects were observed, they were transitory and easily recovered in both protocols. Conclusions These results indicate that the ACB system may be a valuable tool for in vivo, real-time MNP monitoring that allows associations with other techniques, such as pulsatile arterial pressure and electrocardiogram recordings, helping ensuring the protocol safety, which is a fundamental step towards clinical applications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-017-0257-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- André G Próspero
- Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio C Quini
- Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andris F Bakuzis
- Physics Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. .,Instituto de Física-Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Gustavo M Moretto
- Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio P F Mello
- Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos F F Calabresi
- Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo V R Matos
- Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ednaldo A Zandoná
- Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nícholas Zufelato
- Physics Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ricardo B Oliveira
- Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, São Paulo University, Ribeirão Prêto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José R A Miranda
- Biosciences Institute of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are extremely lethal and still poorly treated primary brain tumors, characterized by the presence of highly tumorigenic cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulations, considered responsible for tumor relapse. In order to successfully eradicate GBM growth and recurrence, new anti-cancer strategies selectively targeting CSCs should be designed. CSCs might be eradicated by targeting some of their cell surface markers and transporters, inducing their differentiation, impacting their hyper-glycolytic metabolism, inhibiting CSC-related signaling pathways and/or by targeting their microenvironmental niche. In this regard, phytocompounds such as curcumin, isothiocyanates, resveratrol and epigallocatechin-3-gallate have been shown to prevent or reverse cancer-related epigenetic dysfunctions, reducing tumorigenesis, preventing metastasis and/or increasing chemotherapy and radiotherapy efficacy. However, the actual bioavailability and metabolic processing of phytocompounds is generally unknown, and the presence of the blood brain barrier often represents a limitation to glioma treatments. Nowadays, nanoparticles (NPs) can be loaded with therapeutic compounds such as phytochemicals, improving their bioavailability and their targeted delivery within the GBM tumor bulk. Moreover, NPs can be designed to increase their tropism and specificity toward CSCs by conjugating their surface with antibodies specific for CSC antigens, with ligands or with glucose analogues. Here we discuss the use of phytochemicals as anti-glioma agents and the applicability of phytochemical-loaded NPs as drug delivery systems to target GBM. Additionally, we provide some examples on how NPs can be specifically formulated to improve CSC targeting.
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in vivo EFFECTS OF RARE-EARTH BASED NANOPARTICLES ON OXIDATIVE BALANCE IN RATS. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2016. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech9.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Arami H, Khandhar A, Liggitt D, Krishnan KM. In vivo delivery, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:8576-607. [PMID: 26390044 PMCID: PMC4648695 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00541h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been extensively used during the last two decades, either as effective bio-imaging contrast agents or as carriers of biomolecules such as drugs, nucleic acids and peptides for controlled delivery to specific organs and tissues. Most of these novel applications require elaborate tuning of the physiochemical and surface properties of the IONPs. As new IONPs designs are envisioned, synergistic consideration of the body's innate biological barriers against the administered nanoparticles and the short and long-term side effects of the IONPs become even more essential. There are several important criteria (e.g. size and size-distribution, charge, coating molecules, and plasma protein adsorption) that can be effectively tuned to control the in vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the IONPs. This paper reviews these crucial parameters, in light of biological barriers in the body, and the latest IONPs design strategies used to overcome them. A careful review of the long-term biodistribution and side effects of the IONPs in relation to nanoparticle design is also given. While the discussions presented in this review are specific to IONPs, some of the information can be readily applied to other nanoparticle systems, such as gold, silver, silica, calcium phosphates and various polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Arami
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195
| | - Amit Khandhar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195
| | - Denny Liggitt
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, 98195
| | - Kannan M. Krishnan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195
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9
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Hurley KR, Ring HL, Kang H, Klein ND, Haynes CL. Characterization of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Biological Matrices. Anal Chem 2015; 87:11611-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katie R. Hurley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Hattie L. Ring
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Center
for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, 2021 Sixth
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Hyunho Kang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Nathan D. Klein
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christy L. Haynes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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11
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Gutiérrez L, Romero S, da Silva GB, Costo R, Vargas MD, Ronconi CM, Serna CJ, Veintemillas-Verdaguer S, del Puerto Morales M. Degradation of magnetic nanoparticles mimicking lysosomal conditions followed by AC susceptibility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 60:417-25. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2015-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA deeper knowledge on the effects of the degradation of magnetic nanoparticles on their magnetic properties is required to develop tools for the identification and quantification of magnetic nanoparticles in biological media by magnetic means.Citric acid and phosphonoacetic acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles have been degraded in a medium that mimics lysosomal conditions. Magnetic measurements and transmission electron microscopy have been used to follow up the degradation process.Particle size is reduced significantly in 24 h at pH 4.5 and body temperature. These transformations affect the magnetic properties of the compounds. A reduction of the interparticle interactions is observed just 4 h after the beginning of the degradation process. A strong paramagnetic contribution coming from the degradation products appears with time.A model for the
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12
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Mojica Pisciotti ML, Lima E, Vasquez Mansilla M, Tognoli VE, Troiani HE, Pasa AA, Creczynski-Pasa TB, Silva AH, Gurman P, Colombo L, Goya GF, Lamagna A, Zysler RD. In vitro and in vivo experiments with iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with DEXTRAN or polyethylene glycol for medical applications: magnetic targeting. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 102:860-8. [PMID: 24458920 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In this research work, DEXTRAN- and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated iron-oxide superparamagnetic nanoparticles were synthetized and their cytotoxicity and biodistribution assessed. Well-crystalline hydrophobic Fe3 O4 SPIONs were formed by a thermal decomposition process with d = 18 nm and σ = 2 nm; finally, the character of SPIONs was changed to hydrophilic by a post-synthesis procedure with the functionalization of the SPIONs with PEG or DEXTRAN. The nanoparticles present high saturation magnetization and superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature, and the hydrodynamic diameters of DEXTRAN- and PEG-coated SPIONs were measured as 170 and 120 nm, respectively. PEG- and DEXTRAN-coated SPIONs have a Specific Power Absorption SPA of 320 and 400 W/g, respectively, in an ac magnetic field with amplitude of 13 kA/m and frequency of 256 kHz. In vitro studies using VERO and MDCK cell lineages were performed to study the cytotoxicity and cell uptake of the SPIONs. For both cell lineages, PEG- and DEXTRAN-coated nanoparticles presented high cell viability for concentrations as high as 200 μg/mL. In vivo studies were conducted using BALB/c mice inoculating the SPIONs intravenously and exposing them to the presence of an external magnet located over the tumour. It was observed that the amount of PEG-coated SPIONs in the tumor increased by up to 160% when using the external permanent magnetic as opposed to those animals that were not exposed to the external magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Mojica Pisciotti
- Div. Resonancias Magnéticas, Centro Atómico Bariloche/CONICET, S. C. Bariloche, 8400, Argentina
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13
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Gutiérrez L, Morales MP, Lázaro FJ. Prospects for magnetic nanoparticles in systemic administration: synthesis and quantitative detection. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:4456-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54763a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Methods for the quantitative determination of magnetic nanoparticles in biological matrices, in the frame of biomedical applications, are required to evaluate the particles biodistribution after systemic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Gutiérrez
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioinspired Materials
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM)/CSIC
- Cantoblanco, Spain
| | - M. P. Morales
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioinspired Materials
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM)/CSIC
- Cantoblanco, Spain
| | - F. J. Lázaro
- Department of Materials and Fluids Science and Technology
- Universidad de Zaragoza
- 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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Minard KR, Littke MH, Wang W, Xiong Y, Teeguarden JG, Thrall BD. Magnetic particle detection (MPD) for in-vitro dosimetry. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 43:88-93. [PMID: 23287653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In-vitro tests intended for evaluating the potential health effects of magnetic nanoparticles generally require an accurate measure of cell dose to promote the consistent use and interpretation of biological response. Here, a simple low-cost inductive sensor is developed for quickly determining the total mass of magnetic nanoparticles that is bound to the plasma membrane and internalized by cultured cells. Sensor operation exploits an oscillating magnetic field (f0=250kHz) together with the nonlinear response of particle magnetization to generate a harmonic signal (f3=750kHz) that varies linearly with particulate mass (R(2)>0.999) and is sufficiently sensitive for detecting ∼100ng of carboxyl-coated iron-oxide nanoparticles in under a second. When exploited for measuring receptor-mediated nanoparticle uptake in RAW 264.7 macrophages, results show that the achieved dosimetric performance is comparable with relatively expensive analytical techniques that are much more time-consuming and labor-intensive to perform. The described sensing is therefore potentially better suited for low-cost in-vitro assays that require fast and quantitative magnetic particle detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Minard
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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15
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Biodistribution of ultra small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in BALB mice. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-012-2173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Chen Y, Kosmas P. Detection and localization of tissue malignancy using contrast-enhanced microwave imaging: exploring information theoretic criteria. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2011; 59:766-76. [PMID: 22167557 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2011.2179035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We present a new approach to the problem of detecting cancerous tissues at low-to-medium signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) in an interference-prone biological medium, where the dielectric properties of the surrounding heterogeneous healthy tissues are comparable to those of the tumors. Suppose that microwave contrast agents, such as microbubbles or nanocomposites, are selectively delivered to the cancer site via systemic administration, and the difference between the backscatter responses (differential signal) before and after the administration of contrast medium to the tissue anomalies can be extracted. We can then formulate the problem from the perspective of signal model selection. Subsequently, two information theoretic criteria (ITC), namely the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and the minimum description length (MDL), are applied as a blind method to reliably detect the malignant tumor and estimate its location using ITC-oriented strategies. Finally, numerical examples based on a 2-D canonical biological phantom, which synthesizes an interference-prone microwave imaging scenario, are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed ITC-based algorithms. The dielectric properties of the phantom are varied to investigate diagnostics of three types of dysplastic tissues: liver, lung, and breast cancers. We also use a 3-D anatomically realistic breast model as a testbed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Bellizzi G, Bucci OM, Catapano I. Microwave cancer imaging exploiting magnetic nanoparticles as contrast agent. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2011; 58:2528-36. [PMID: 21642036 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2011.2158544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a microwave technique for breast cancer imaging is presented. The approach is based on the use of magnetic nanoparticles as contrast agent to induce a nonnull magnetic contrast selectively localized within the tumor. This allows us to face cancer imaging as the reconstruction of a magnetic contrast from the corresponding scattered field. To extract, from the measured data the contribution due to the magnetic contrast, i.e., the signal meaningful for cancer imaging, the approach exploits the possibility of modulating the magnetic response of magnetic nanoparticles by means of a polarizing magnetic field. The achievable reconstruction capabilities and the robustness against uncertainties on the electric features of the surrounding electric scenario are assessed by means of numerical examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Bellizzi
- Department of Biomedical, Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80125, Italy.
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