1
|
Mahmoud AM, Nowell CJ, Feeney O, van 't Hag L, Davis TP, Kempe K. Hydrophobicity Regulates the Cellular Interaction of Cyanine5-Labeled Poly(3-hydroxypropionate)-Based Comb Polymers. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3560-3571. [PMID: 35921528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An in-depth understanding of the effect of physicochemical properties of nanocarriers on their cellular uptake and fate is crucial for the development of novel delivery systems. In this study, well-defined hydrophobic carboxylated poly(3-hydroxypropionate)-based comb polymers were synthesized. Two oligo(3-hydroxypropionate) (HPn) of different degrees of polymerization (DP; 5 and 9) bearing α-vinyl end-groups were obtained by an hydrogen transfer polymerization (HTP)-liquid/liquid extraction strategy. 2-Carboxyethyl acrylate (CEA), representing the DP 1 analogue of HPn, was also included in the study. (Macro)monomers were polymerized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization and fully characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography. All polymers were non-hemolytic and non-cytotoxic against NIH/3T3 cells. Detailed cellular association and uptake studies of Cy5-labeled polymers by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed that the carboxylated water-soluble PCEA, the polymer with the shortest side chain, efficiently targets mitochondria. However, increasing the side-chain DP led to a change in the intracellular fate. P(HP5) was trafficked to both mitochondria and lysosomes, while P(HP9) was exclusively found in lysosomes. Importantly, FLIM-FRET investigation of P(HP5) provided initial insight into the mitochondria subcompartment location of Cy5-labeled carboxylated polymers. Moreover, intracellular uptake mechanism studies were performed. Blocking scavenger receptors by dextran sulfate or cooling cells to 4 °C significantly affected the cell association of hydrophobic carboxylated polymers with an insignificant response to membrane-potential inhibitors. In contrast, water-soluble carboxylated polymers' cellular association was substantially inhibited in cells treated with compounds depleting the mitochondrial potential (ΔΨ). Overall, this study highlights hydrophobicity as a valuable means to tune the cellular interaction of carboxylated polymers and thus will inform the design of future drug carriers based on Cy5-modified carboxylated polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayaat M Mahmoud
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Cameron J Nowell
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Orlagh Feeney
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Leonie van 't Hag
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Kristian Kempe
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng R, Chang ACY, Ni R, Li JCY, Chau Y. mRNA Delivery and Storage by Co-Assembling Nanostructures with Designer Oligopeptides. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3476-3486. [PMID: 35729172 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Broadening the applicable tools for mRNA delivery provides more flexibility in research and those proven effective and safe can potentially be translated for clinical use. We report here a 27-amino acid peptide sequence mimicking the viral capsid protein, termed pepMAX, capable of co-assembling with mRNA into 100-150 nm nanostructures for efficient transfection of multiple cell lines. The mRNA loading and N/P ratio have been systematically optimized for each cell line. In HeLa, HEK293, and SKNMC, the transfection attained (>80%) is comparable with that of commercially available vectors Lipofectamine MessengerMAXTM (LipoMMAX). Confocal microscopy reveals that pepMAX efficiently delivers mRNA into the cytosol and induces efficient protein production. The pepMAX/mRNA co-assemblies retain their transfection efficiency after storage up to one week at room temperature in lyophilized form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruilu Feng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Atta Cheuk Yan Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Rong Ni
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jacky Cheuk Yin Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ying Chau
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mahmoud AM, Morrow JP, Pizzi D, Azizah AM, Davis TP, Tabor RF, Kempe K. Tuning Cellular Interactions of Carboxylic Acid-Side-Chain-Containing Polyacrylates: The Role of Cyanine Dye Label and Side-Chain Type. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3007-3016. [PMID: 32598140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cellular uptake and intracellular targeting to specific organelles are key events in the cellular processing of nanomaterials. Herein, we perform a detailed structure-property relationship study on carboxylic acid-side-chain-bearing polyacrylates to provide design criteria for the manipulation of their cellular interactions. Redox-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RRAFT) polymerization of three tert-butyl-protected N-acylated amino ester-based acrylate monomers of different substitutions and degrees of polymerization (DPs) yielded defined and pH-responsive carboxylic acid-side-chain polymers upon deprotection (N-acetyl, DP 1: P(M1); N-propionyl, DP 1: P(E1), DP 2: P(E2)). Flow cytometry studies revealed time-dependent cell association with P(E2) > P(E1) > P(M1) at any given time point. Importantly, the type of cyanine dye used for labeling was found to significantly influence the cellular processing of the polymers. Changing the dye from Cy5 to its sulfonated version sulfoCy5 resulted in a much lower cellular association. Moreover, Cy5-labeled polymers were targeted to mitochondria, while sulfoCy5 modification caused a significant change in the cellular fate of polymers toward lysosome trafficking. This study highlights the importance of selecting a suitable dye but also demonstrates the possibilities for the rational design of organelle-specific targeting of carboxylated polyacrylates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayaat M Mahmoud
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Joshua P Morrow
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - David Pizzi
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ailsa M Azizah
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rico F Tabor
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Kristian Kempe
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, and Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.,Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mahmoud AM, de Jongh PAJM, Briere S, Chen M, Nowell CJ, Johnston APR, Davis TP, Haddleton DM, Kempe K. Carboxylated Cy5-Labeled Comb Polymers Passively Diffuse the Cell Membrane and Target Mitochondria. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:31302-31310. [PMID: 31369228 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A detailed understanding of the cellular uptake and trafficking of nanomaterials is essential for the design of "smart" intracellular drug delivery vehicles. Typically, cellular interactions can be tailored by endowing materials with specific properties, for example, through the introduction of charges or targeting groups. In this study, water-soluble carboxylated N-acylated poly(amino ester)-based comb polymers of different degree of polymerization and side-chain modification were synthesized via a combination of spontaneous zwitterionic copolymerization and redox-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization and fully characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography. The comb polymers showed no cell toxicity against NIH/3T3 and N27 cell lines nor hemolysis. Detailed cellular association and uptake studies by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed that the carboxylated polymers were capable of passively diffusing cell membranes and targeting mitochondria. The interplay of pendant carboxylic acids of the comb polymers and the Cy5-label was identified as major driving force for this behavior, which was demonstrated to be applicable in NIH/3T3 and N27 cell lines. Blocking of the carboxylic acids through modification with 2-methoxyethylamine and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) or replacement of the dye label with a different dye (e.g., fluorescein) resulted in an alteration of the cellular uptake mechanism toward endocytosis as demonstrated by CLSM. In contrast, partial modification of the carboxylic acid groups allowed to retain the cellular interaction, hence, rendering these comb polymers a highly functional mitochondria targeted carrier platform for future drug delivery applications and imaging purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David M Haddleton
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhan Y, Ma W, Zhang Y, Mao C, Shao X, Xie X, Wang F, Liu X, Li Q, Lin Y. DNA-Based Nanomedicine with Targeting and Enhancement of Therapeutic Efficacy of Breast Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:15354-15365. [PMID: 30924334 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a DNA tetrahedron has been reported to be a novel nanomedicine and promising drug vector because of its compactness, biocompatibility, biosafety, and editability. Here, we modified the DNA tetrahedron with a DNA aptamer (AS1411) as a DNA-based delivery system, which could bind to nucleolin for its cancer cell selectivity. Nucleolin is a specific biomarker protein overexpressed on membranes of malignant cancer cells and its deregulation is implicated in cell proliferation. The antimetabolite drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is an extensively used anticancer agent; however, its major limitation is the lack of target specificity. Cyanine 5 (Cy5), a fluorescent probe, can be used to label DNA tetrahedron and enhance photostability with minimal effects on its basic functions. In this study, we additionally attached 5-FU to the DNA-based delivery system as a new tumor-targeting nanomedicine (AS1411-T-5-FU) to enhance the therapeutic efficacy and targeting of breast cancer. We examined the difference of the cellular uptake of AS1411-T-5-FU between breast cancer cells and normal breast cells and concluded that AS1411-T-5-FU had a better targeting ability to kill breast cancer cells than 5-FU. We further evaluated the expressions of cell apoptosis-related proteins and genes, which are associated with the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Ultimately, our results suggest the potential of DNA tetrahedron in cancer therapies, and we develop a novel approach to endow 5-FU with targeting property.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoru Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Xueping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Xiaoguo Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610041 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xia S, Yan L, Xu W, Agrawal AS, Algaissi A, Tseng CTK, Wang Q, Du L, Tan W, Wilson IA, Jiang S, Yang B, Lu L. A pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor targeting the HR1 domain of human coronavirus spike. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav4580. [PMID: 30989115 PMCID: PMC6457931 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav4580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Continuously emerging highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) remain a major threat to human health, as illustrated in past SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV outbreaks. The development of a drug with broad-spectrum HCoV inhibitory activity would address this urgent unmet medical need. Although previous studies have suggested that the HR1 of HCoV spike (S) protein is an important target site for inhibition against specific HCoVs, whether this conserved region could serve as a target for the development of broad-spectrum pan-CoV inhibitor remains controversial. Here, we found that peptide OC43-HR2P, derived from the HR2 domain of HCoV-OC43, exhibited broad fusion inhibitory activity against multiple HCoVs. EK1, the optimized form of OC43-HR2P, showed substantially improved pan-CoV fusion inhibitory activity and pharmaceutical properties. Crystal structures indicated that EK1 can form a stable six-helix bundle structure with both short α-HCoV and long β-HCoV HR1s, further supporting the role of HR1 region as a viable pan-CoV target site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xia
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Anurodh Shankar Agrawal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Abdullah Algaissi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chien-Te K. Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lanying Du
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wenjie Tan
- MOH Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, BCC206, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Corresponding author. (I.A.W.); (S.J.); (B.Y.); (L.L.)
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Corresponding author. (I.A.W.); (S.J.); (B.Y.); (L.L.)
| | - Bei Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Corresponding author. (I.A.W.); (S.J.); (B.Y.); (L.L.)
| | - Lu Lu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Corresponding author. (I.A.W.); (S.J.); (B.Y.); (L.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Morsbach S, Gonella G, Mailänder V, Wegner S, Wu S, Weidner T, Berger R, Koynov K, Vollmer D, Encinas N, Kuan SL, Bereau T, Kremer K, Weil T, Bonn M, Butt HJ, Landfester K. Engineering Proteins at Interfaces: From Complementary Characterization to Material Surfaces with Designed Functions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12626-12648. [PMID: 29663610 PMCID: PMC6391961 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Once materials come into contact with a biological fluid containing proteins, proteins are generally—whether desired or not—attracted by the material's surface and adsorb onto it. The aim of this Review is to give an overview of the most commonly used characterization methods employed to gain a better understanding of the adsorption processes on either planar or curved surfaces. We continue to illustrate the benefit of combining different methods to different surface geometries of the material. The thus obtained insight ideally paves the way for engineering functional materials that interact with proteins in a predetermined manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Morsbach
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Grazia Gonella
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Seraphine Wegner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Si Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Weidner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rüdiger Berger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Doris Vollmer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Noemí Encinas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Seah Ling Kuan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tristan Bereau
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kurt Kremer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
He Z, Zhang W, Mao S, Li N, Li H, Lin JM. Shear Stress-Enhanced Internalization of Cell Membrane Proteins Indicated by a Hairpin-Type DNA Probe. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5540-5545. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wanling Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sifeng Mao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Nan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haifang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sulheim E, Baghirov H, von Haartman E, Bøe A, Åslund AKO, Mørch Y, Davies CDL. Cellular uptake and intracellular degradation of poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2016; 14:1. [PMID: 26743777 PMCID: PMC4705582 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-015-0156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) (PACA) nanoparticles have shown promise as drug carriers both to solid tumors and across the blood–brain barrier. Efficient drug delivery requires both high cellular uptake of the nanoparticles and release of the drug from the nanoparticles. Release of hydrophobic drugs from PACA nanoparticles is primarily governed by nanoparticle degradation, and this process has been poorly studied at the cellular level. Here we use the hydrophobic model drug Nile Red 668 (NR668) to investigate intracellular degradation of PACA nanoparticles by measuring changes in NR668 fluorescence emission and lifetime, as the spectral properties of NR668 depend on the hydrophobicity of the dye environment. We also assess the potential of poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) (PBCA) and poly(octyl cyanoacrylate) (POCA) nanoparticles for intracellular drug delivery in the prostate cancer cell line PC3 and rat brain endothelial cell line RBE4 and the role of endocytosis pathways in PACA nanoparticle uptake in those cell lines. Results Fluorescence lifetime imaging, emission spectra analysis and Förster resonance energy transfer indicated that the intracellular degradation was in line with the degradation found by direct methods such as gas chromatography and scanning electron microscopy, showing that PBCA has a faster degradation rate compared to POCA. The combined P(BCA/OCA) nanoparticles had an intermediate degradation rate. The uptake of POCA and PBCA nanoparticles was much higher in RBE4 than in PC3 cells. Endocytosis inhibition studies showed that both clathrin- and caveolin-mediated endocytosis were involved in PACA nanoparticle uptake, and that the former played a predominant role, particularly in PC3 cells. Conclusions In the present study, we used three different optical techniques to show that within a 24-hour period PBCA nanoparticles degraded significantly inside cells, releasing their payload into the cytosol, while POCA nanoparticles remained intact. This indicates that it is possible to tune the intracellular drug release rate by choosing appropriate monomers from the PACA family or by using hybrid PACA nanoparticles containing different monomers. In addition, we showed that the uptake of PACA nanoparticles depends not only on the monomer material, but also on the cell type, and that different cell lines can use different internalization pathways. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-015-0156-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Einar Sulheim
- Department of Physics, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Habib Baghirov
- Department of Physics, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Eva von Haartman
- Department of Physics, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway. .,Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| | - Andreas Bøe
- Department of Physics, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Andreas K O Åslund
- Department of Physics, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Yrr Mørch
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Catharina de Lange Davies
- Department of Physics, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|