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Effect of Cooling and Annealing Conditions on the Microstructure, Mechanical and Superelastic Behavior of a Rotary Forged Ti-18Zr-15Nb (at. %) Bar Stock for Spinal Implants. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040259. [PMID: 36412899 PMCID: PMC9680316 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the microstructure, phase state, texture, superelastic and mechanical properties of a Ti-18Zr-15Nb (at. %) shape memory alloy subjected to a combined thermomechanical treatment, including hot rotary forging with either air cooling or water quenching and post-deformation annealing are studied. It was revealed that the main structural component of the deformed and annealed alloy is BCC β-phase. With an increase in the forging temperature from 600 to 700 °C, the average grain size increases from 5.4 to 17.8 µm for the air-cooled specimens and from 3.4 to 14.7 µm for the water-quenched specimens. Annealing at 525 °C after forging at 700 °C with water quenching leads to the formation of a mixed statically and dynamically polygonized substructure of β-phase. In this state, the alloy demonstrates the best combination of functional properties in this study: a Young's modulus of ~33 GPa, an ultimate tensile strength of ~600 MPa and a superelastic recovery strain of ~3.4%.
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Jannasch M, Gaetzner S, Weigel T, Walles H, Schmitz T, Hansmann J. A comparative multi-parametric in vitro model identifies the power of test conditions to predict the fibrotic tendency of a biomaterial. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1689. [PMID: 28490729 PMCID: PMC5431855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01584-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite growing effort to advance materials towards a low fibrotic progression, all implants elicit adverse tissue responses. Pre-clinical biomaterial assessment relies on animals testing, which can be complemented by in vitro tests to address the Russell and Burch’s 3R aspect of reducing animal burden. However, a poor correlation between in vitro and in vivo biomaterial assessments confirms a need for suitable in vitro biomaterial tests. The aim of the study was to identify a test setting, which is predictive and might be time- and cost-efficient. We demonstrated how sensitive in vitro biomaterial assessment based on human primary macrophages depends on test conditions. Moreover, possible clinical scenarios such as lipopolysaccharide contamination, contact to autologous blood plasma, and presence of IL-4 in an immune niche influence the outcome of a biomaterial ranking. Nevertheless, by using glass, titanium, polytetrafluorethylene, silicone, and polyethylene representing a specific material-induced fibrotic response and by comparison to literature data, we were able to identify a test condition that provides a high correlation to state-of-the-art in vivo studies. Most important, biomaterial ranking obtained under native plasma test conditions showed a high predictive accuracy compared to in vivo assessments, strengthening a biomimetic three-dimensional in vitro test platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Jannasch
- University Hospital Wuerzburg, Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), Roentgenring 11, 97070, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Gaetzner
- University Hospital Wuerzburg, Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), Roentgenring 11, 97070, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Weigel
- University Hospital Wuerzburg, Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), Roentgenring 11, 97070, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Walles
- University Hospital Wuerzburg, Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), Roentgenring 11, 97070, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Translational Center Wuerzburg Regenerative Therapies in Oncology and Musculoskeletal Disease, 97070, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmitz
- University Hospital Wuerzburg, Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), Roentgenring 11, 97070, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Hansmann
- University Hospital Wuerzburg, Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), Roentgenring 11, 97070, Wuerzburg, Germany. .,Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Translational Center Wuerzburg Regenerative Therapies in Oncology and Musculoskeletal Disease, 97070, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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