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Kianamiri S, Dinari A, Sadeghizadeh M, Rezaei M, Daraei B, Bahsoun NEH, Nomani A. Mitochondria-Targeted Polyamidoamine Dendrimer-Curcumin Construct for Hepatocellular Cancer Treatment. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:4483-4498. [PMID: 33205974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial malfunction plays a crucial role in cancer development and progression. Cancer cells show a substantially higher mitochondrial activity and greater mitochondrial transmembrane potential than normal cells. This concept can be exploited for targeting cytotoxic drugs to the mitochondria of cancer cells using mitochondrial-targeting compounds. In this study, a polyamidoamine dendrimer-based mitochondrial delivery system was prepared for curcumin using triphenylphosphonium ligands to improve the anticancer efficacy of the drug in vitro and in vivo. For the in vitro evaluations, various methods, such as viability assay, confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses, were applied. Our findings showed that the targeted-dendrimeric curcumin (TDC) could successfully deliver and colocalize the drug to the mitochondria of the cancer cells, and selectively induce a potent apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M. Moreover, at a low curcumin dose of less than 25 μM, TDC significantly reduced adenosine triphosphate and glutathione, and increased the ROS level of the isolated rat hepatocyte mitochondria. The in vivo studies on the Hepa1-6 tumor-bearing mice also indicated a significant tumor suppression effect and the highest median survival days (Kaplan-Meier survival estimation and log-rank test) after treatment with the TDC construct compared to the free curcumin and untargeted construct. Besides its targeted nature and safety, the expected improved solubility and stability represent the prepared targeted-dendrimeric construct as an up-and-coming candidate for cancer treatment. The results of this study emphasize the promising route of mitochondrial targeting as a practical approach for cancer therapy, which can be achieved by optimizing the delivery method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Kianamiri
- Department of Nano-Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-175, Iran
| | - Ali Dinari
- Department of Nano-Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-175, Iran
| | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Nano-Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-175, Iran.,Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-175, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rezaei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-111, Iran
| | - Bahram Daraei
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6153, Iran
| | - Noor El-Huda Bahsoun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Alireza Nomani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 45139-56184, Iran
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Carbajo-Gordillo AI, Jiménez Blanco JL, Benito JM, Lana H, Marcelo G, Di Giorgio C, Przybylski C, Hinou H, Ceña V, Ortiz Mellet C, Mendicuti F, Tros de Ilarduya C, García Fernández JM. Click Synthesis of Size- and Shape-Tunable Star Polymers with Functional Macrocyclic Cores for Synergistic DNA Complexation and Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:5173-5188. [PMID: 33084317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The architectural perfection and multivalency of dendrimers have made them useful for biodelivery via peripheral functionalization and the adjustment of dendrimer generations. Modulation of the core-forming and internal matrix-forming structures offers virtually unlimited opportunities for further optimization, but only in a few cases this has been made compatible with strict diastereomeric purity over molecularly diverse series, low toxicity, and limited synthetic effort. Fully regular star polymers built on biocompatible macrocyclic platforms, such as hyperbranched cyclodextrins, offer advantages in terms of facile synthesis and flexible compositions, but core elaboration in terms of shape and function becomes problematic. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of star polymers consisting of functional trehalose-based macrocyclic cores (cyclotrehalans, CTs) and aminothiourea dendron arms, which can be efficiently synthesized from sequential click reactions of orthogonal monomers, display no cytotoxicity, and efficiently complex and deliver plasmid DNA in vitro and in vivo. When compared with some commercial cationic dendrimers or polymers, the new CT-scaffolded star polymers show better transfection efficiencies in several cell lines and structure-dependent cell selectivity patterns. Notably, the CT core could be predefined to exert Zn(II) complexing or molecular inclusion capabilities, which has been exploited to synergistically boost cell transfection by orders of magnitude and modulate the organ tropism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Carbajo-Gordillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José L Jiménez Blanco
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Profesor García González 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan M Benito
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Hugo Lana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Marcelo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christophe Di Giorgio
- Institut de Chimie Nice, UMR 7272, Université Côte d'Azur, 28 Avenue de Valrose, F-06108 Nice, France
| | - Cédric Przybylski
- CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Hiroshi Hinou
- Graduate School and Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Biology, Hokkaido University, N21 W11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Valentín Ceña
- Unidad Asociada Neurodeath, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Profesor García González 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Mendicuti
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Conchita Tros de Ilarduya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | - José M García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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3
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Calderan L, Malatesta M. Imaging techniques in nanomedical research. Eur J Histochem 2020; 64. [PMID: 32613820 PMCID: PMC7341075 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2020.3151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
About twenty years ago, nanotechnology began to be applied to biomedical issues giving rise to the research field called nanomedicine. Thus, the study of the interactions between nanomaterials and the biological environment became of primary importance in order to design safe and effective nanoconstructs suitable for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes. Consequently, imaging techniques have increasingly been used in the production, characterisation and preclinical/clinical application of nanomedical tools. This work aims at making an overview of the microscopy and imaging techniques in vivo and in vitro in their application to nanomedical investigation, and to stress their contribution to this developing research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Calderan
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona.
| | - Manuela Malatesta
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona.
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Barar J, Rafi MA, Pourseif MM, Omidi Y. Blood-brain barrier transport machineries and targeted therapy of brain diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6:225-248. [PMID: 28265539 PMCID: PMC5326671 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2016.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
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Introduction: Desired clinical outcome of pharmacotherapy of brain diseases largely depends upon the safe drug delivery into the brain parenchyma. However, due to the robust blockade function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), drug transport into the brain is selectively controlled by the BBB formed by brain capillary endothelial cells and supported by astrocytes and pericytes.
Methods: In the current study, we have reviewed the most recent literature on the subject to provide an insight upon the role and impacts of BBB on brain drug delivery and targeting.
Results: All drugs, either small molecules or macromolecules, designated to treat brain diseases must adequately cross the BBB to provide their therapeutic properties on biological targets within the central nervous system (CNS). However, most of these pharmaceuticals do not sufficiently penetrate into CNS, failing to meet the intended therapeutic outcomes. Most lipophilic drugs capable of penetrating BBB are prone to the efflux functionality of BBB. In contrast, all hydrophilic drugs are facing severe infiltration blockage imposed by the tight cellular junctions of the BBB. Hence, a number of strategies have been devised to improve the efficiency of brain drug delivery and targeted therapy of CNS disorders using multimodal nanosystems (NSs).
Conclusions: In order to improve the therapeutic outcomes of CNS drug transfer and targeted delivery, the discriminatory permeability of BBB needs to be taken under control. The carrier-mediated transport machineries of brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) can be exploited for the discovery, development and delivery of small molecules into the brain. Further, the receptor-mediated transport systems can be recruited for the delivery of macromolecular biologics and multimodal NSs into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaleh Barar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad A Rafi
- Department of Neurology, Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohammad M Pourseif
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Barar J. Bioimpacts of nanoparticle size: why it matters? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 5:113-5. [PMID: 26457247 PMCID: PMC4597157 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2015.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
During the last two decades, applications of nanotechnology are delivered to benefit the human society. The fact is that various nanomaterials are able to be tailor made to achieve desired properties. In biomedical field, nanotechnology has created great excitements to advance both diagnosis and therapy areas – the field so-called nanomedicines in different forms of nanoparticles (NPs) and nanosystems (NSs). It is noteworthy to mention NPs/NSs do not act similarly in the biological milieu, in which their biological behaviors/ impacts varies with size, morphology, and physicochemical characteristics. On the other hand, nanomedicines impacts on biological systems seem to be influenced by its possible interaction(s) with different bioelements of cell membrane, in particular the endocytic pathway(s) by which NPs/NSs can be internalized and localized. This latter phenomenon is influenced by membrane viscoelastic property, polymerization/depolymerization of cytoskeletal system, and the particle specification itself. Among all other properties of NPs/NSs, as shown by various researchers, the size is an important parameter in the fate of the particle. Accordingly, in-depth efforts to unravel the size dependent effects of nanomedicins can provide insights to design and develop more efficacious NSs with greater benefits and lower side effects. This editorial aims to highlight some important aspects of size dependent impacts NPs/NSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaleh Barar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Conti DS, Brewer D, Grashik J, Avasarala S, da Rocha SRP. Poly(amidoamine) dendrimer nanocarriers and their aerosol formulations for siRNA delivery to the lung epithelium. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:1808-22. [PMID: 24811243 PMCID: PMC4051247 DOI: 10.1021/mp4006358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
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Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based
therapies have great promise
in the treatment of a number of prevalent pulmonary disorders including
lung cancer, asthma and cystic fibrosis. However, progress in this
area has been hindered due to the lack of carriers that can efficiently
deliver siRNA to lung epithelial cells, and also due to challenges
in developing oral inhalation (OI) formulations for the regional administration
of siRNA and their carriers to the lungs. In this work we report the
ability of generation four, amine-terminated poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM)
dendrimer (G4NH2)–siRNA complexes (dendriplexes) to silence
the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene on A549 lung alveolar
epithelial cells stably expressing eGFP. We also report the formulation
of the dendriplexes and their aerosol characteristics in propellant-based
portable OI devices. The size and gene silencing ability of the dendriplexes
was seen not to be a strong function of the N/P ratio. Silencing efficiencies
of up to 40% are reported. Stable dispersions of the dendriplexes
encapsulated in mannitol and also in a biodegradable and water-soluble
co-oligomer were prepared in hydrofluoroalkane (HFA)-based pressurized
metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs). Their aerosol characteristics were
very favorable, and conducive to deep lung deposition, with respirable
fractions of up to 77%. Importantly, siRNA formulated as dendriplexes
in pMDIs was shown to keep its integrity after the particle preparation
processes, and also after long-term exposures to HFA. The relevance
of this study stems from the fact that this is the first work to report
the formulation of inhalable siRNA with aerosol properties suitable
to deep lung deposition using pMDIs devices that are the least expensive
and most widely used portable inhalers. This study is relevant because,
also for the first time, it shows that siRNA–G4NH2 dendriplexes
can efficiently target lung alveolar epithelial A549 cells and silence
genes even after siRNA has been exposed to the propellant environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise S Conti
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University , 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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