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Limninart N, Harvey JA, Schultz KJ, Mills AM, Noland MMB, Schroen AT, Rochman CM. "What Do You Mean It's Not Cancer?" A Review of Autoimmune and Systemic Inflammatory Diseases Involving the Breast. JOURNAL OF BREAST IMAGING 2021; 3:612-625. [PMID: 38424941 DOI: 10.1093/jbi/wbab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune and systemic inflammatory diseases represent a heterogeneous group of immune-mediated conditions with a wide range of clinical presentations and various affected organs. Autoimmune diseases can present in the breast as localized disease or as part of systemic involvement. Although breast involvement is uncommon, the spectrum of imaging findings can include breast masses, axillary adenopathy, calcifications, and skin changes, the appearance of which can mimic breast cancer. Common etiologies include diabetic mastopathy, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, sarcoidosis, and Immunoglobulin-G4 related mastopathy. This educational review will present multimodality imaging findings of breast manifestations of systemic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and coexisting complications. It will also review how these disorders may affect breast cancer risk and breast cancer treatment options, including radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narisara Limninart
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Department of Radiology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jennifer A Harvey
- University of Rochester, Department of Medicine Imaging Sciences, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Katherine J Schultz
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Anne M Mills
- University of Virginia, Department of Pathology, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Anneke T Schroen
- University of Virginia, Department of Surgery, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Carrie M Rochman
- University of Virginia, Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Todorov TI, de Bakker E, Smith D, Langenberg LC, Murakata LA, Kramer MHH, Centeno JA, Nanayakkara PWB. A Case of Silicone and Sarcoid Granulomas in a Patient with "Highly Cohesive" Silicone Breast Implants: A Histopathologic and Laser Raman Microprobe Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4526. [PMID: 33923240 PMCID: PMC8123188 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Foreign body giant cell (FBGC) reaction to silicone material in the lymph nodes of patients with silicone breast implants has been documented in the literature, with a number of case reports dating back to 1978. Many of these case reports describe histologic features of silicone lymphadenopathy in regional lymph nodes from patients with multiple sets of different types of implants, including single lumen smooth surface gel, single lumen textured surface gel, single lumen with polyethylene terephthalate patch, single lumen with polyurethane coating, and double lumen smooth surface. Only one other case report described a patient with highly-cohesive breast implants and silicone granulomas of the skin. In this article, we describe a patient with a clinical presentation of systemic sarcoidosis following highly cohesive breast implant placement. Histopathologic analysis and Confocal Laser Raman Microprobe (CLRM) examination were used to confirm the presence of silicone in the axillary lymph node and capsular tissues. This is the first report where chemical spectroscopic mapping has been used to establish and identify the coexistence of Schaumann bodies, consisting of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate minerals, together with silicone implant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todor I. Todorov
- Department of Environmental and Infectious Disease Sciences, Division of Biophysical Toxicology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC 20306, USA; (T.I.T.); (L.A.M.); (J.A.C.)
| | - Erik de Bakker
- Department of Plastic Surgery, VU University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diane Smith
- Henry Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA;
| | - Lisette C. Langenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Linda A. Murakata
- Department of Environmental and Infectious Disease Sciences, Division of Biophysical Toxicology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC 20306, USA; (T.I.T.); (L.A.M.); (J.A.C.)
| | - Mark H. H. Kramer
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Jose A. Centeno
- Department of Environmental and Infectious Disease Sciences, Division of Biophysical Toxicology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC 20306, USA; (T.I.T.); (L.A.M.); (J.A.C.)
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Geffroy D. La peau des seins, première frontière anatomique. IMAGERIE DE LA FEMME 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.femme.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Margolies LR. Mammography, Breast Density, and Major Adverse Cardiac Events: Potential Buy-One-Get-One-Free Lifesaving Bonus Finding. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 14:439-441. [PMID: 33248958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie R Margolies
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular, and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
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Vorburger D, Frauchiger-Heuer H, Dedes KJ. [Rare Forms of Mastitis]. PRAXIS 2020; 109:1055-1062. [PMID: 33050811 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rare Forms of Mastitis Abstract. Inflammatory breast diseases caused by bacterial infections represent the main cause for mastitis in breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding women. The clinical appearance and a standardized evaluation can indicate rare inflammatory breast diseases. An underlying comorbidity or the evidence of rare pathogens could be suggestive. However, core needle biopsy is the main step in diagnostics. Malignancy, e.g. an inflammatory breast cancer must consistently be excluded. This mini review outlines a few rare inflammatory breast diseases, their initial presentation, and how to diagnose them accurately.
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Matsumoto RAEK, Catani JH, Campoy ML, Oliveira AM, de Barros N. Radiological findings of breast involvement in benign and malignant systemic diseases. Radiol Bras 2018; 51:328-333. [PMID: 30369661 PMCID: PMC6198842 DOI: 10.1590/0100-3984.2016.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the primary purpose of periodic mammograms in screening programs is to
identify lesions suspected of being carcinomas, the findings are often related
to systemic (benign or malignant) diseases, rather than breast cancer. Although
the involvement of breast structures in systemic diseases is unusual, it can be
included in the differential diagnosis of masses, skin changes, calcifications,
asymmetry, and axillary lymphadenopathy. The main diagnostic entities that can
be associated with such involvement are diabetes, chronic kidney disease, heart
diseases, connective tissue diseases, HIV infection, lymphoma, leukemia, and
metastases from primary tumors at other sites. In many cases, information
related to knowledge and treatment of chronic diseases is not available to the
radiologist at the time of evaluation of the mammography findings. The purpose
of this essay is to offer relevant pictorial information to the general
radiologist about systemic diseases involving the breast, expanding the range of
differential diagnoses in order to avoid unnecessary invasive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana Hiraoka Catani
- Department of Radiology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Arthur Magalhães Oliveira
- Department of Radiology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nestor de Barros
- Department of Radiology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Qiao Y, Hayward JH, Balassanian R, Ray KM, Joe BN, Lee AY. Tuberculosis mastitis presenting as bilateral breast masses. Clin Imaging 2018. [PMID: 29514120 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis mastitis can be a challenging diagnosis, often presenting with clinical and imaging findings that are suspicious for malignancy. We present a case of a 49-year-old female with a breast mass initially diagnosed as idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Failure to respond to standard treatments, development of new breast masses, and discovery of a concurrent ulcerating thigh rash with similar histologic findings as the breast masses prompted further investigation, which ultimately lead to the diagnosis of tuberculosis mastitis. There was rapid resolution of both breast and skin symptoms after initiation of empiric drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Qiao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Jessica H Hayward
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Ronald Balassanian
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Kimberly M Ray
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Bonnie N Joe
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Amie Y Lee
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
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Pluguez-Turull CW, Nanyes JE, Quintero CJ, Alizai H, Mais DD, Kist KA, Dornbluth NC. Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: Manifestations at Multimodality Imaging and Pitfalls. Radiographics 2018. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.2018170095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cedric W. Pluguez-Turull
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.W.P.T., J.E.N., H.A., K.A.K., N.C.D.) and Pathology (D.D.M.), University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229; and Department of Radiology, Bryn Mawr Hospital, Bryn Mawr, Pa (C.J.Q.)
| | - Jennifer E. Nanyes
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.W.P.T., J.E.N., H.A., K.A.K., N.C.D.) and Pathology (D.D.M.), University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229; and Department of Radiology, Bryn Mawr Hospital, Bryn Mawr, Pa (C.J.Q.)
| | - Cristina J. Quintero
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.W.P.T., J.E.N., H.A., K.A.K., N.C.D.) and Pathology (D.D.M.), University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229; and Department of Radiology, Bryn Mawr Hospital, Bryn Mawr, Pa (C.J.Q.)
| | - Hamza Alizai
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.W.P.T., J.E.N., H.A., K.A.K., N.C.D.) and Pathology (D.D.M.), University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229; and Department of Radiology, Bryn Mawr Hospital, Bryn Mawr, Pa (C.J.Q.)
| | - Daniel D. Mais
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.W.P.T., J.E.N., H.A., K.A.K., N.C.D.) and Pathology (D.D.M.), University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229; and Department of Radiology, Bryn Mawr Hospital, Bryn Mawr, Pa (C.J.Q.)
| | - Kenneth A. Kist
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.W.P.T., J.E.N., H.A., K.A.K., N.C.D.) and Pathology (D.D.M.), University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229; and Department of Radiology, Bryn Mawr Hospital, Bryn Mawr, Pa (C.J.Q.)
| | - Nella C. Dornbluth
- From the Departments of Radiology (C.W.P.T., J.E.N., H.A., K.A.K., N.C.D.) and Pathology (D.D.M.), University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229; and Department of Radiology, Bryn Mawr Hospital, Bryn Mawr, Pa (C.J.Q.)
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High throughput screening of cytokines, chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases in wound fluid induced by mammary surgery. Oncotarget 2016; 6:29296-310. [PMID: 26313265 PMCID: PMC4745727 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To clarify the composition of wound fluid (WF) and investigate the impact of WF on breast cancer cell lines. Methods The proliferation and migration of WF-treated breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 were assessed with colony formation test, MTT cell proliferation test and scratch wound test. The quantitative profiles of WF were analyzed using Bio-Plex Pro kits. Results The proliferation and migration of WF-treated breast cancer cells were significantly higher than that of untreated cells. Fifteen cytokines, 29 chemokines and 9 matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were assessed in WF. The concentrations of these factors were influenced by post-surgery days, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), TNM stage, pathological type and molecular subtype. The WF harvested from patients underwent NAC showed significant higher profiles of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-4, IL-6, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, Interferon γ (IFNγ), CD40 ligand (CD40L), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5, CCL3, CCL7 and CCL20. Conclusions Surgery-induced WF promotes the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. The composition of WF is influenced by various clinical features and provides potential therapeutic targets to control local recurrence and tumor progression.
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Schwingel R, Almeida O, Ferreira TDS. Fat necrosis associated with the use of oral anticoagulant therapy: atypical mammographic findings. Radiol Bras 2016; 49:269-270. [PMID: 27777484 PMCID: PMC5073397 DOI: 10.1590/0100-3984.2015.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Schwingel
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Orlando Almeida
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Dos Santos Ferreira
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FCM-Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Wang Z, Zhang H, Hou J, Niu J, Ma Z, Zhao H, Liu C. Clinical implications of β-catenin protein expression in breast cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:14989-14994. [PMID: 26823833 PMCID: PMC4713619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the expression and significance of β-catenin in the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer. Overall, 241 patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer who had undergone radical surgery were enrolled in this study. β-catenin protein expression in breast cancer samples was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. β-catenin was expressed in Nuclei/Plasma of the samples from 41 patients. β-catenin protein expression correlated with the histological grade of the tumor (P<0.05) and Ki-67 labeling (P<0.01). Survival analysis showed that β-catenin expression negatively correlated with breast cancer-specific survival. Our results showed prominent expression of β-catenin in breast cancer and strongly implicate the β-catenin in tumor promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wang
- Department of Breast Disease and Reconstruction Center, Breast Cancer Key Lab of Dalian, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian 116027, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Breast Disease and Reconstruction Center, Breast Cancer Key Lab of Dalian, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian 116027, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jianxin Hou
- Department of Breast Disease and Reconstruction Center, Breast Cancer Key Lab of Dalian, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian 116027, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jianing Niu
- Department of Breast Disease and Reconstruction Center, Breast Cancer Key Lab of Dalian, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian 116027, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhenhai Ma
- Department of Breast Disease and Reconstruction Center, Breast Cancer Key Lab of Dalian, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian 116027, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Haidong Zhao
- Department of Breast Disease and Reconstruction Center, Breast Cancer Key Lab of Dalian, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian 116027, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Caigang Liu
- Department of Breast Disease and Reconstruction Center, Breast Cancer Key Lab of Dalian, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian 116027, Liaoning Province, China
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Ying G, Wu Y. DEK: A novel early screening and prognostic marker for breast cancer. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7491-5. [PMID: 26459608 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the expression status and clinical implications of DEK in breast cancer, in order to contribute to developments in breast cancer management. DEK expression status was detected in 628 breast cancer specimens by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry staining, and the correlation between DEK protein and clinico‑pathological parameters and prognosis of breast cancer was subsequently determined. In comparison to para-carcinoma tissues, DEK protein was highly expressed in breast cancer specimens and was correlated with chemotherapy resistance. In total, 61.94% (389/628) of breast cancer cases exhibited high expression of DEK. According to universal analysis, it was observed that age, tumor size, histological grade, metastatic nodes and distant metastasis (P=0.024, 0.001, 0.001, 0.001 and 0.001 respectively) are key factors associated with DEK. Furthermore, compared with samples with no or low DEK protein expression, high DEK expression resulted in a significantly increased distant metastasis rate and poor disease‑specific survival (P=0.001). In addition, DEK protein was detected as an independent prognostic factor (P=0.001) in the Cox regression analysis. DEK was correlated with chemotherapy resistance and may be an independent prognostic factor for breast cancer, as well as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Ying
- Interventional Catheter Room, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yonghui Wu
- Department of Toxicology, Harbin Medical University School of Public Health, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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Moschetta M, Telegrafo M, Triggiani V, Rella L, Cornacchia I, Serio G, Ianora AAS, Angelelli G. Diabetic mastopathy: a diagnostic challenge in breast sonography. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2015; 43:113-117. [PMID: 25327165 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our purpose was to retrospectively evaluate the incidence and morphologic features of diabetic mastopathy in a group of patients with diabetes, searching for specific sonographic characteristics of diabetic mastopathy. METHODS One hundred twenty diabetic patients underwent breast clinical examination, mammography, and sonography. All detected breast lesions were confirmed histopathologically. RESULTS Breast lesions were found in 11 of the 120 patients (9%), including two cases of invasive ductal carcinomas and nine cases of diabetic mastopathy. In seven of those nine cases (77%), diabetic mastopathy appeared as a hypoechoic solid mass with irregular margins, inhomogeneous echotexture, and marked posterior shadowing. In the other two cases (23%), it appeared as a mildly inhomogeneous, hypoechoic solid mass. CONCLUSIONS Diabetic mastopathy is a diagnostic challenge and needs to be suspected in all patients with diabetes mellitus. Imaging features are nonspecific and highly susggestive on breast sonography in most cases. Core-needle biopsy confirmation remains mandatory for a definitive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Moschetta
- DIM, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Aldo Moro University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
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Zhang H, Ren Y, Pang D, Liu C. Clinical implications of AGBL2 expression and its inhibitor latexin in breast cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2014; 12:142. [PMID: 24884516 PMCID: PMC4069086 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the expression status of AGBL2 and its inhibitor latexin in breast cancer stem cells and its clinical implications in order to lay a foundation for managing breast cancer. Methods CD44+/CD24- tumor cells (CSC) from clinical specimens were sorted using flow cytometry. AGBL2 expression status was detected in CSC and 126 breast cancer specimens by western blot and immunohistochemistry staining. The relationship between the AGBL2 protein and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis was subsequently determined. Result As a result, CSC are more likely to generate new tumors in mice and cell microspheres that are deficient in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice (NOD/SCID) compared to the control group. The AGBL2 protein was expressed higher in CSC induced to epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) when compared to the control cells, and was found to be related to CSC chemotherapy resistance. After Spearman regression correlation analysis, AGBL2 was observed to be related to clinical stage, histological stage, and lymph node metastasis. In the Cox regression test, the AGBL2 protein was detected as an independent prognostic factor. Through immunoprecipitation, AGBL2 and latexin could form immune complexes. Conclusions These results demonstrate that AGBL2 is a latexin-interacting protein that regulates the tubulin tyrosination cycle and is a potential target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Caigang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second hospital of Dalian Medical University, Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang H, Ren Y, Xu H, Pang D, Duan C, Liu C. The expression of stem cell protein Piwil2 and piR-932 in breast cancer. Surg Oncol 2013; 22:217-23. [PMID: 23992744 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the expression status of PIWIL2 and piR-932 in breast cancer stem cells and the role they could play in tumor cell growth and metastasis through Latexin. METHODS CD44(+)/CD24(-) tumor cells (CSC) from clinical specimens were sorted using flow cytometry. PIWIL2 expression status was detected in CSC cells by microarray analysis and 1086 breast cancer specimens by Western blot and immunohistochemistry staining. piR-932 expression was also detected in CSC cells by piRNA microarray assay. The relationship between the PIWIL2 protein and clinico-pathological parameters and prognosis was subsequently determined. RESULTS CSC cells are more likely to generate new tumors in mice and cell microspheres that are deficient in NOD/SCID compared to the control group. PIWIL2 protein was expressed higher in CSC cells compared to the control cells. In total, 334 (30.76%) of the 1086 breast cases showed high PIWIL2 expression. PIWIL2 was observed to be related to age, tumor size, histological type, tumor stage, and lymph node metastasis (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, we have found that one of the Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) called piR-932 expressed significantly higher in the breast cancer cells that were induced to EMT, and it could form immune complexes through immunoprecipitation with PIWIL2; in PIWIL2+ breast cancer stem cells, Latexin expression significantly reduced because of its promoter region CpG island methylation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the combination of piR-932 and PIWIL2 may be a positive regulator in the process of breast cancer stem cells through promoting the methylation of Latexin, and they both could be the potential targets for blocking the metastasis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China.
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Gong P, Wang Y, Liu G, Zhang J, Wang Z. New insight into Ki67 expression at the invasive front in breast cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54912. [PMID: 23382998 PMCID: PMC3561452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the distribution of Ki67+ cells in breast cancer in relation to clinical-pathological parameters and prognosis. Materials and Methods Ki67 expression status was detected in 1,086 breast cancer specimens using immunohistochemistry staining and examining the relationship between the Ki67+ cells' location. Subsequently, clinical-pathological parameters and prognosis were determined. Results In total, Ki67 protein expression was found in 781 (71.92%) of the 1,086 breast cancer specimens. Among the 781 Ki67+ cases, 461 were defined as diffuse type and 320 were defined as borderline type. After universal correlation analysis, significant differences were observed in age, histological grade, metastatic nodes, postoperative distant metastasis, and molecular subtype between Ki67+ and Ki67− cases (P = 0.01, 0.001, 0.001, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively). After subgroup analysis, the borderline cases were found to be characterized by a high distant metastasis rate compared to the diffuse cases as well as the Ki67− cases (P = 0.001). No differences were observed between diffuse type or Ki67− cases (P = 0.105). Multivariate analysis showed that age, tumor size, histological grade, lymph node metastasis, molecular subtype, and the Ki67 distribution pattern were observed to be related to postoperative distant metastasis (all P<0.05). Furthermore, borderline type was shown to attain a significantly more distant bone and liver metastasis and worse disease-specific survival than the other types (P = 0.001). In the Cox regression test, the Ki67 distribution pattern was detected as an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.001). Conclusion The distribution pattern of Ki67 may be a new independent prognostic factor for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gong
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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Xu D, Xu H, Ren Y, Liu C, Wang X, Zhang H, Lu P. Cancer stem cell-related gene periostin: a novel prognostic marker for breast cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46670. [PMID: 23056395 PMCID: PMC3467269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the expression status of periostin in breast cancer stem cells and its clinical implications in order to lay a foundation for managing breast cancer. CD44+/CD24−/line- tumor cells (CSC) from clinical specimens were sorted using flow cytometry. Periostin expression status was detected in CSC cells and 1,086 breast cancer specimens by Western blot and immunohistochemistry staining, with the CSC ratio determined by immunofluorescence double staining. The relationship between the periostin protein and clinico-pathological parameters and prognosis was subsequently determined. As a result, CSC cells are more likely to generate new tumors in mice and cell microspheres that are deficient in NOD/SCID compared to the control group. Periostin protein was expressed higher in CSC cells compared to the control cells and was found to be related to CSC chemotherapy resistance. Moreover, periostin expression was found to be related to the CSC ratio in 1,086 breast cancer specimens (P = 0.001). In total, 334 (30.76%) of the 1,086 breast cases showed high periostin expression. After universal and Spearman regression correlation analysis, periostin was observed to be related to histological grade, CSC ratio, lymph node metastasis, tumor size, and triple-negative breast cancer (all P<0.05). Furthermore, periostin was shown to attain a significantly more distant bone metastasis and worse disease-specific survival than those with none or low-expressed periostin protein (P = 0.001). In the Cox regression test, periostin protein was detected as an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.001). In conclusion, periostin was found to be related to the CSC and an independent prognostic factor for breast cancer. It is also perhaps a potential target to breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Xu
- Ultrasound Department, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Ren
- Radiology Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caigang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (CL); (XW)
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Ultrasound Department, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail: (CL); (XW)
| | - Hao Zhang
- Ultrasound Department, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Ultrasound Department, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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