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Abu SL, Hehar NK, Chigbu DI. Novel therapeutic receptor agonists and antagonists in allergic conjunctivitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 24:380-389. [PMID: 39079155 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000001010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergic conjunctivitis is characterized by the development of pathophysiological changes to the ocular surface, which occurs when pro-allergic and pro-inflammatory mediators interact with their cognate receptors expressed on immune and nonimmune cells. Traditional treatments with antihistamines and corticosteroids provide relief, but there is a need for more efficacious and tolerable long-term therapy with a better safety profile. This article aims to provide an overview of the mode of action and clinical application of agonist therapies targeting glucocorticoid, melanocortin, and toll-like receptors, as well as antagonist therapies targeting cytokine, chemokine, integrin, and histamine receptors. RECENT FINDINGS There has been considerable advancement in immunology and pharmacology, as well as a greater understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of allergic conjunctivitis. Recent research advancing therapy for allergic conjunctivitis has focused on developing synthetic molecules and biologics that can interfere with the process of the allergic immune reaction. SUMMARY This review discusses novel therapeutic receptors being explored agonistically or antagonistically to develop alternative treatment options for allergic conjunctivitis. These novel approaches hold promise for improving the management of allergic eye diseases, offering patients hope for more effective and safer treatment options in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampson L Abu
- Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus at Drexel University, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Altandi SA, Apoil PA, Mazereeuw-Hautier J, Severino-Freire M. Cardio-facio-cutaneous Syndrome with Severe Inflammatory Cutaneous Lesions: Dramatic Effect of Dupilumab. Acta Derm Venereol 2024; 104:adv40465. [PMID: 39235050 PMCID: PMC11388110 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v104.40465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Abstract is missing (Short communication)
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Altandi
- Department of Dermatology, Reference Center for Rare Skin Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Pol A Apoil
- Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
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Yan SH, Chen Y, Huang ZQ, Zhong WX, Wang XT, Tang YC, Zhao XY, Wu YS, Zhou C, Zhu W, Xiao W, Li X, Zhang DS. Acupoint Autohemotherapy Attenuates DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis and Activates Regulatory T Cells in BALB/c Mice. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:2839-2850. [PMID: 38751687 PMCID: PMC11094283 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s454325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Acupoint autohemotherapy (A-AHT) has been proposed as an alternative and complementary treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD), yet the exact role of its blood component in terms of therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action is still largely unknown. Methods This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacies and action mechanisms of intramuscular injections of autologous whole blood (AWB) and mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) (autologous or heterologous) at acupoints on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD mouse models. Serum levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE), IgG, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were measured, as well as mRNA expression levels of Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3), IL-10 and IFN-γ in dorsal skin lesions, and IL-10+, IFN-γ+ and FoxP3+CD4+T cells in murine spleen. Results It showed that repeated acupoint injection of AWB, autologous total IgG (purified from autologous blood in AD mice) or heterologous total IgG (purified from healthy blood in normal mice) effectively reduced the severity of AD symptoms and decreased epidermal and dermal thickness as well as mast cells in skin lesions. Additionally, AWB acupoint injection was found to upregulate FoxP3+, IL-10+ and IFN-γ+ CD4+T cells in murine spleen, suppressing the production of IgE antibodies and increasing that of IgG antibodies in the serum. Furthermore, both AWB and autologous total IgG administrations significantly elevated FoxP3 expression, mRNA levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ in dorsal skin lesions. However, acupoint injection of heterologous total IgG had no effect on regulatory T (Treg) and Th1 cells modulation. Conclusion These findings suggest that the therapeutic effects of A-AHT on AD are mediated by IgG-induced activation of Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hua Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Tenth affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People’s Hospital), Dongguan, Guangdong, 523058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qian Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xi Zhong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Tian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang-Can Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu-Yi Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Shan Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Tenth affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People’s Hospital), Dongguan, Guangdong, 523058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong-Shu Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Tenth affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People’s Hospital), Dongguan, Guangdong, 523058, People’s Republic of China
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Caminati M, Micheletto C, Norelli F, Olivieri B, Ottaviano G, Padoan R, Piacentini G, Schiappoli M, Senna G, Menzella F. Safety of dupilumab in T2 airways conditions: focus on eosinophilia across trials and real-life evidence. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2024; 24:15-23. [PMID: 38197326 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2024.2304556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the IL-4 receptor alpha subunit, effectively blocks both IL-4 and IL-13 mediated pathways. Its introduction has represented a significant advancement in the treatment of severe asthma and other Type 2 (T2) conditions, including nasal polyps, atopic dermatitis, and eosinophilic esophagitis. To date, Dupilumab has demonstrated optimal efficacy and safety profile. AREAS COVERED The safety profile of dupilumab has been extensively studied, especially for its effects on blood eosinophil count. Transient eosinophil increase during treatment is typically insignificant from a clinical point of view and related to its mechanism of action. Rare cases of hyper-eosinophilia associated with clinical conditions like eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) and hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) have been reported. Those cases are often related to the drug's steroid-sparing effect or the natural trajectory of the underlying disease rather than a direct cause-effect relationship with dupilumab. EXPERT OPINION The management of hyper-eosinophilia during dupilumab treatment requires comprehensive diagnostic work-up and strict follow-up monitoring for early detection of systemic disease progression in order to avoid unnecessary discontinuation of an effective treatment. This approach highlights the importance of a personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Caminati
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Allergy Unit and Asthma Center, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Bianca Olivieri
- Allergy Unit and Asthma Center, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ottaviano
- Department of Neurosciences DNS, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Padoan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Piacentini
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Schiappoli
- Allergy Unit and Asthma Center, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianenrico Senna
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Allergy Unit and Asthma Center, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Menzella
- Pulmonology Unit, S. Valentino Hospital, AULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
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