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El Sayed SM. Al-Hijamah (Prophetic Wet Cupping Therapy) is a Novel Adjuvant Treatment for Viral Hepatitis That Excretes Viral Particles and Excess Ferritin Percutaneously, Synergizes Pharmacotherapy, Enhances Antiviral Immunity and Helps Better HCC Prevention and Treatment: A Novel Evidence-Based Combination with Prophetic Medicine Remedies. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:1527-1546. [PMID: 37727876 PMCID: PMC10505647 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s409526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis progresses to liver cirrhosis and HCC. Several challenges are facing Sovaldi treatment to viral C hepatitis, eg, viral resistance, difficulty to treat all genotypes, and inability to access treatments in low-income countries. Also, current treatments to Hepatitis B are still challenging. Ideal treatments to viral hepatitis should decrease the viral load, enhance antiviral immunity and repair the viruses-induced tissue damage. That is still beyond reach. High serum ferritin in viral hepatitis correlates with chronicity, increased necro-inflammation, hepatotoxicity, progression to cirrhosis, progression to HCC, unresponsiveness to treatments and viremia. Previously, Al-hijamah (wet cupping therapy of prophetic medicine) significantly cleared thalassemic children of causative pathological substances (CPS), eg, excess ferritin, free radicals and serum lipids. Moreover, Al-hijamah significantly increased the antioxidant power and potentiated the natural antiviral immunity, eg, increasing CD4 count, CD8 count and CD4/CD8 ratio. Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him said: "If there is a benenvolence (benefit) in any of your medicines, benefit will be in shrtat mihjam (Al-hijamah), honey drink, and a stinge of fire compatible with disease and I do not like to cauterize". Likewise, the author suggests Al-hijamah as a novel promising adjuvant treatment for viral hepatitis (B and C) for percutaneous excretion of CPS as hepatitis viral particles, excess ferritin, inflammatory mediators, free radicals, and antigen-antibody complexes. Published reports proved that Al-hijamah exerted tissue-protective effects, and cleared blood through the fenestrated skin capillaries in a pressure-dependent and size-dependent manner (a kidney-like manner). That collectively may decrease the viral load for better HCC prevention and supports the evidence-based Taibah theory (Taibah mechanism). Same therapeutic benefits apply to other viral illnesses as AIDS. Even after HCC development, Al-hijamah is quite mandatory for excretion and clearance of CPS that favor malignancy, eg, lactate (Warburg effect), growth factors, metalloproteinases, and others. Al-hijamah-induced immune potentiation benefits HCC patients. Combining Al-hijamah with other natural antioxidant remedies of prophetic medicine, eg, nigella sativa, costus, natural honey, Zamzam water and others will maximize the therapeutic benefits. In conclusion, Al-hijamah and other prophetic medicine remedies are recommended adjuvants to current pharmacological treatments to viral hepatitis and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Mohamed El Sayed
- Al-Hijamah Clinic, Medical University Center, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
- Prophetic Medicine Course & Research, Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
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Mogharbel GH, Badawi AS, Zaman AY, Abd Elmoniem MM, Abdel-Rahman IM, Alenazi ME, Shah FA, Aly MA, Imam SN, Alenazi NE, El Sayed SM. Therapeutic benefits of prophetic medicine remedies in treating hematological diseases (A review article). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BLOOD RESEARCH 2023; 13:130-142. [PMID: 37736537 PMCID: PMC10509466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Hematological disorders are common medical ailments constituting an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, which may be managed efficiently using different prophetic medicine remedies as adjuvants to current therapeutics. Prophetic medicine includes the body of knowledge about medicine that has been derived from the deeds, customs (sunnah), ahadith (sayings), actions, and agreements of Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him. This review article aims at exploring the magnitude of therapeutic benefits of prophetic medicine remedies as adjuvant treatments to many different types of hematological disorders. Herein, we reviewed many published research studies throughout the literature to delineate the potential therapeutic benefits of prophetic remedies on hematological disorders. Several types of hematological disorders may benefit from prophetic medicine remedies that are rich in natural antioxidants that combat oxidative stress-induced harm e.g. nigella sativa, oral honey, camel milk and urine, Ajwa date fruits, olive oil, Zamzam water and figs. Many prophetic medicine remedies were reported to decrease the hematological cytotoxicity effects induced by different chemicals and are beneficial in treating anemias e.g. iron deficiency anemia, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, coagulopathies and hematological malignancies as leukemia and myeloma. These remedies treat or alleviate the different hematological disorders using different mechanisms e.g. modulating the immune function, treating deficiencies of different substances, protecting against toxins-induced cytotoxicity, decreasing platelets aggregation, suppressing clotting factors activation, exerting antineoplastic effects (enhancing cancer cells cytotoxicity) and inhibiting angiogenesis. Prophetic medicine remedies exert clinically significant therapeutic benefits for treating COVID-19 pandemic, anemia, thrombosis, thalassemia and blood cancers without inducing toxicity or side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazi H Mogharbel
- Prophetic Medicine Course & Research, Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah UniversityAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Undergraduate Program, Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah UniversityAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad S Badawi
- Prophetic Medicine Course & Research, Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah UniversityAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Undergraduate Program, Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah UniversityAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Yaseen Zaman
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah UniversityAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Mariam Eid Alenazi
- Consultant of Family Medicine and Diabetes, King Salman Bin Abdel-Aziz Medical City, Ministry of HealthAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fareed Akbar Shah
- Department of Surgery, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah UniversityAl-Medinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abdelnaem Aly
- Department of Surgery, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah UniversityAl-Medinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Nazar Imam
- Department of Anatomy, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah UniversityAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Salah Mohamed El Sayed
- Prophetic Medicine Course & Research, Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah UniversityAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah UniversityAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag UniversitySohag, Egypt
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El Sayed SM. Biochemical Origin of the Warburg Effect in Light of 15 Years of Research Experience: A Novel Evidence-Based View (An Expert Opinion Article). Onco Targets Ther 2023; 16:143-155. [PMID: 36911533 PMCID: PMC9997657 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s397593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells strongly upregulate glucose uptake and glycolysis to produce vital biomolecules for cancer cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis as ATP, lipids, proteins, nucleotides, and lactate. The Warburg effect is tumours' unique glucose oxidation to give lactate (not pyruvate) even in the presence of oxygen. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD/NADH.H) is used in glycolysis via glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Both catalyse reversible biochemical reactions to produce 1,3-diphosphoglycerate and lactate, respectively. In this expert opinion and based on published evidence, the author suggests that: "In transformed cells and hyperglycolytic cancer cells, the Warburg effect (permanent conversion of pyruvate to lactate) occurs secondary to a vicious cycle and a closed circuit between GAPDH and LDH (reaction of carcinogenesis) causing increased endogenous oxidative stress and subsequent carcinogenesis. Mitochondrial defects in cancer cells cause hyperglycolysis resulting in NADH.H accumulation (produced during GAPDH step) that obligatorily drives LDH to become an irreversible reaction in the direction of lactate formation (Warburg effect) but not pyruvate formation. Likewise, LDH oxidizes NADH.H producing excessive NAD+ that secondarily drives GAPDH reaction to be irreversible to produce NADH.H and so on. Pyruvate is an antioxidant while lactate is pro-oxidant, causing increased endogenous oxidative stress in cancer cells, tumour's hypoxia and obligatory hyperglycolysis with NADH.H overproduction (GAPDH step) to be consumed in the LDH step for lactate production and NAD+ generation (utilized by GAPDH) and so on". This confirms Warburg's origin of cancer cells. Best anticancer applications based on this hypothesis are: breaking this closed vicious circle using siRNA to target GAPDH and LDH, avoiding strong oxidants (as many cancer chemotherapeutics), and using strong antioxidants for causing antioxidant-oxidant antagonism or antioxidant-lactate antagonism to inhibit the Warburg effect. Strong natural antioxidants of prophetic medicine (related to Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him) such as Zamzam water, Nigella sativa, costus, Ajwa date fruit, olive oil, Al-hijamah and natural honey are strongly recommended to prevent and antagonize the Warburg effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Mohamed El Sayed
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.,Prophetic Medicine Course and Research, Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
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El-Shanshory M, Hablas NM, El-tahlawi R, Awny S, Aboonq MS, Al Jaouni SK, Abdel-latif TM, Abdel-Gawad AR, Okashah AM, Fakhreldin AR, Baghdadi H, El-Allaf H, Shebel Y, El-Sawy SA, Albeihany A, Mahmoud HS, Sayed AA, Abu-Elnaga MAM, Nabo MMH, El-Dardear A, Abdel-Rahman IM, El Sayed SM, Mahmoud AA. Al-hijamah (the triple S treatment of prophetic medicine) significantly increases CD4/CD8 ratio in thalassemic patients via increasing TAC/MDA ratio: a clinical trial. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BLOOD RESEARCH 2022; 12:125-135. [PMID: 36147606 PMCID: PMC9490105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Beta thalassemia is associated with decreased immunity possibly due to iron overload. Al-hijamah (Hijamah) is wet cupping therapy (WCT) of prophetic medicine. Prophet Muhammad Peace be upon him said: "The best among your treatments is Al-hijamah". Al-hijamah is a promising excretory treatment to clear blood of causative pathological substances. Al-hijamah is a three-step technique (skin suction, scarification and suction) i.e. triple S technique). Recently, we introduced Al-hijamah as a novel iron excretion therapy (through pressure-dependent filtration then excretion via the skin dermal capillaries) that significantly decreased serum iron overload and related oxidative stress using a physiological excretory mechanism (Taibah mechanism). Iron overload was reported to impair both humoral immunity and cell mediated immunity in patients with beta thalassemia. In this study, twenty patients having β-thalassemia major (maintained on iron chelation therapy) underwent a single session of Al-hijamah (30-60 minutes) using 4-5 sucking cups only. Another age and sex-matched control group of thalassemic patients received iron chelation therapy only. Al-hijamah enhanced the immunity of thalassemic patients in the form of increased CD4+ T cell count, from 124.10±36.98 to 326.20±57.94 cells/mm3, and an increased CD8+ T cell count from 100.30±36.98 to 272.40±46.37 cells/mm3. CD4/CD8 ratio significantly increased from 1.29 to 1.7 (P<0.001). There was a significant increase of ten times (P<0.001) in serum TAC/MDA ratio (reflects increased antioxidant capacity vs decreased oxidative load and stress) induced by Al-hijamah. After Al-hijamah, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts significantly increased and positively correlated with TAC/MDA ratio (r = 0.246) and (r = 0.190), respectively. Moreover, CD4/CD8 ratio positively correlated with TAC/MDA after Al-hijamah (r = 0.285). In conclusion, Al-hijamah significantly increased CD4/CD8 ratio in thalassemic patients via increasing TAC/MDA ratio. Our study strongly recommends medical practice of Al-hijamah in hospitals for its immune potentiating effects in agreement with the evidence-based Taibah mechanism. Al-hijamah should be generalized for treating other immune-deficiency conditions. Al-hijamah-induced bloody excretion is so minimal and never aggravates the anaemic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Shanshory
- Prophetic Medicine Course and Research, Taibah College of MedicineAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Paediatrics, Tanta University Faculty of MedicineTanta, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Nahed Mohammed Hablas
- Department of Paediatrics, Tanta University Faculty of MedicineTanta, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Rehab El-tahlawi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zagazig Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig UniversityZagazig, Al-Sharkiyah, Egypt
| | - Shereen Awny
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tanta University Faculty of MedicineTanta, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Moutasem Salih Aboonq
- Department of Physiology, Taibah College of MedicineAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad K Al Jaouni
- YAJ Chair for Prophetic Medicine Applications, King Abdul-Aziz College of MedicineJeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ahmed M Okashah
- Academic Affairs Director and Consultant Clinical Immunologist, Al-Madinah Directorate of Health, Ministry of HealthAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed R Fakhreldin
- Department of Paediatrics, Aswan Faculty of Medicine, Aswan UniversityAswan, Egypt
| | - Hussam Baghdadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah UniversityAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan El-Allaf
- Department of Medical Physiology, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag UniversityEgypt
| | - Yasmin Shebel
- Department of Paediatrics, Tanta University Faculty of MedicineTanta, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Samer A El-Sawy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag UniversityEgypt
| | - Amal Albeihany
- Department of Haematology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Anwar A Sayed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taibah UniversityAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa AM Abu-Elnaga
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, College of Medicine, Al-Rayyan CollegesAl-Madinah Al-Munwwarah, Saudia Arabia
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, College of Medicine, New Damietta, Al-Azhar UniversityEgypt
| | - Manal Mohamed Helmy Nabo
- Paediatrics Department, Al-Rayyan Medical CollegesAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Paediatrics Department, Sohag Teaching Hospital, Ministry of HealthSohag, Egypt
| | - Amr El-Dardear
- Prophetic Medicine Course and Research, Taibah College of MedicineAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Paediatrics Department, Al-Rayyan Medical CollegesAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Salah Mohamed El Sayed
- Prophetic Medicine Course and Research, Taibah College of MedicineAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah UniversityAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag UniversityEgypt
| | - Ahmed Alamir Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag UniversityEgypt
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El-Shanshory M, Hablas NM, Shebel Y, Alhadramy O, El-Tahlawi R, Aboonq MS, Soliman TM, Abdel-Gawad AR, El Sayed SM, Abdallah HI, Mahmoud HS, El-Allaf H, El-Sawy S, Yousef RS, Abu-el Naga M, Mariah RA, Nabo MMH, Abdel-Haleem M, Mahmoud AA, Hassan MA, Al Arabi AH, Alnakhli AA, El Sayed SM. Al-hijamah (the triple S treatment of prophetic medicine) exerts cardioprotective, tissue-protective and immune potentiating effects in thalassemic children: a pilot clinical trial. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BLOOD RESEARCH 2020; 10:447-458. [PMID: 33489454 PMCID: PMC7811902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thalassemia is a major health problem in affected children due to iron overload, increased oxidative stress, atherogenic lipid profile and tissue-damage. This study aims at investigating the cardioprotective and tissue-protective benefits of Al-hijamah and their impact on cell-mediated immunity for treating thalassemic children. This study aimed also at investigating the tissue-clearance principle of Taibah mechanism: whenever pathological substances are to be cleared from the human body, Al-hijamah is indicated. Al-hijamah was done to thalassemic children (15 males and 5 females having a mean age of 9.07 ± 4.26 years) using sterile disposable sets in a complete aseptic hospital environment. Prior ethical committee agreement (in addition to written patient's consents) was obtained from Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Egypt. Twenty thalassemic children received iron chelation therapy plus Al-hijamah for one session (30-60 minutes) versus an age and sex-matched thalassemic control group treated with iron chelation therapy only. Al-hijamah is a quite safe outpatient hematological procedure that significantly decreased serum cholesterol (from 129.75 ± 3.67 to 103.5 ± 4.18 mg/dl) and decreased serum triglycerides (from 109.25 ± 8.96 to 91.95 ± 7.22 mg/dl). Interestingly, Al-hijamah exerted significant tissue-protective effects (it decreased serum GPT from 98.65 ± 12.27 to 71.65 ± 32.78 U/L and serum GOT from 96.35 ± 14.33 to 69.35 ± 34.37 U/L). Al-hijamah-induced ferritin excretion caused decreased serum ferritin (high serum ferritin negatively correlated with cell mediated immunity). Al-hijamah exerted cardioprotective and tissue-protective and hypolipidemic effects. Al-hijamah decreased serum cholesterol and is cardioprotective for thalassemic patients as it protects against atherogenesis and atherosclerosis. Medical practice of Al-hijamah is strongly recommended in hospitals. Al-hijamah cleared blood significantly from causative pathological substances e.g. serum ferritin resulting in enhanced cell-mediated immunity (in agreement with the evidence-based Taibah mechanism).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Shanshory
- Prophetic Medicine Course and Research Group, Taibah College of MedicineAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pediatrics, Tanta University Faculty of MedicineTanta, Gharbia, Egypt
| | | | - Yasmin Shebel
- Department of Pediatrics, Tanta University Faculty of MedicineTanta, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Osama Alhadramy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah UniversityAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab El-Tahlawi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Taibah UniversitySaudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig UniversityEgypt
| | - Moutasem Salih Aboonq
- Department of Medical Physiology, Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah UniversityAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamer M Soliman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag UniversitySohag, Egypt
| | | | - Sayed Mostafa El Sayed
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams UniversityEgypt
- Department of Anatomy, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah UniversityAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham I Abdallah
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams UniversityEgypt
- Department of Anatomy, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah UniversityAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany Salah Mahmoud
- Center of Scientific Foundation for Experimental Studies and ResearchIsmailia, Egypt
| | - Hassan El-Allaf
- Department of Medical Physiology, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag UniversityEgypt
| | - Samer El-Sawy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag UniversityEgypt
| | - Reda S Yousef
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag UniversityEgypt
| | - Mostafa Abu-el Naga
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Al-Rayyan National CollegesAl-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, New Damietta, Al-Azhar UniversityEgypt
| | - Reham A Mariah
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Tanta UniversityTanta, Egypt
| | - Manal Mohamed Helmy Nabo
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatrics Department, Maternity and Children HospitalHail, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatrics Department, Sohag Teaching Hospital, Ministry of HealthSohag, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Haleem
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah UniversityAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alamir Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag UniversityEgypt
| | | | - Areej Hesham Al Arabi
- Department of Cardiology, Governorate of Health, Uhud HospitalAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Alnakhli
- Department of Cardiology, Governorate of Health, Uhud HospitalAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah Mohamed El Sayed
- Prophetic Medicine Course and Research Group, Taibah College of MedicineAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag UniversityEgypt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah UniversityAl-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
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Soleimani R, Mohammadi M, Saghebi SA, Taghipour A, Khorsand Vakilzadeh A, Tavakkol Afshari J. Comparison of Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 ratios between wet and dry cupping therapies in Persian medicine. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2020; 10:24-34. [PMID: 31921605 PMCID: PMC6941689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Persian medicine (PM), wet-cupping therapy (WCT) is the most utilized approach. WCT is mostly done between the shoulders, which is referred to as "hejamt-e-aam" in the Persian language. CD4+T cells also refer to T helper lymphocytes play a critical role in the immune system. Naïve CD4+ T cells differentiate into at least four subsets, T helper 1 (Th1), T helper 2 (Th2), T helper 17 (Th17), and T regulatory (Treg) cells. The master regulator controlling each subset have been defined as follows, Tbet (Th1), Gata3 (Th2), RORγt (Th17), FoxP3 (Treg). The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of WCT and dry-cupping therapy (DCT) on the ratios of Th1/Th2 and Treg /Th17 in healthy individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants were divided randomly into two groups of 41 men in the WCT group and 40 men in the DCT group. Blood was taken, before, one and four weeks after the intervention. RNA was extracted from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the expression of T-bet, GATA-3, RORγt, and Foxp3 genes were determined by using SYBR green RT-PCR technique. RESULTS The results showed that WCT increased the expression ofGATA-3, RORγt, and Foxp3 transcription factor genes (p=0.009, p=0.001, and p=0.021, respectively). Although in the WCT group, the ratio of Foxp3/RORγt increased (p=0.048), but the ratio of T-bet/GATA-3 (Th1/Th2) decreased (p=0.971). CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that WCT may regulate the T subsets of lymphocyte and reduce inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Soleimani
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mohammadi
- Allergy Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Saghebi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Taghipour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Khorsand Vakilzadeh
- Department of Complementary and Chinese Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jalil Tavakkol Afshari
- Immunology Research Center, School of medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Aboonq MS. Al-hijamah (wet cupping therapy of prophetic medicine) as a novel alternative to surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 24:137-142. [PMID: 31056546 PMCID: PMC8015467 DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2019.2.20180036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common neuropathy of median nerve causing decreased physical and work performance. Herein, a 37-year-old male manual worker diagnosed with severe CTS exhibited severe pain with frequent awakening from night sleep to put hands in ice. Patient’s consent and ethical guidelines were carried out. As a novel approach, Al-hijamah was performed to both hands at the anterior and posterior carpal regions (using scarification safety technique) and at the back region. Immediately after Al-hijamah, a dramatic decrease in pain, numbness and parathesia occurred. Nerve conduction velocity and electromyography carried out few days after Al-hijamah confirmed improved voluntary motor unit morphologies in both hands. The severe degree of bilateral CTS improved electrophysiologically to be moderate. Scheduled surgical intervention was cancelled. This did better than a German report treating CTS using traditional Chinese wet cupping therapy at the trapezius muscle without applying sucking cups at the carpal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moutasem S Aboonq
- Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
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Al-Eidi SM, Mohamed AG, Abutalib RA, AlBedah AM, Khalil MKM. Wet Cupping-Traditional Hijamah Technique versus Asian Cupping Technique in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2019; 12:173-181. [PMID: 31028971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the feasibility of comparing the effect of the traditional Hijamah and the Asian wet cupping techniques in the management of patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP), a randomized clinical trial comparing traditional and Asian wet cupping techniques for CLBP was conducted in two secondary care hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Seventy eligible participants with CLBP were randomized to receive one session of wet cupping using either Asian technique (34 patients) or traditional Hijamah technique (36 patients). Cupping was performed at four sites of the bilateral bladder meridian (BL23, BL24, and BL25). The numeric rating scale, Present Pain Intensity, and Oswestry Disability Questionnaire scores were measured immediately after intervention, at seven days, and 14 days after intervention. In both groups, there was a significant decrease in the numeric rating scale, Present Pain Intensity, and Oswestry Disability Questionnaire scores, immediately after intervention, at seven days, and 14 days after intervention. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups across all the outcome measures up to 14 days after intervention. The study did not show a superiority of one technique compared with the other. Longer follow-up periods and more than one cupping session may be needed to evaluate the difference, if any, between both the techniques. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02012205.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman M Al-Eidi
- National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ashry Gad Mohamed
- Department of Community Medicine, King Saudi University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raid A Abutalib
- Orthopedic Surgery Department, King Fahad Hospital, Ministry of Health, Madina, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah M AlBedah
- National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed K M Khalil
- Consultant Public Health and Research Development, Research Unit, National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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9
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El-Shanshory M, Hablas NM, Shebl Y, Fakhreldin AR, Attia M, Almaramhy HH, Baghdadi H, Ayat M, Albeihany A, El-Dardear A, Ibrahim HA, Mahmoud HS, Nabo MMH, El Sayed SM. Al-hijamah (wet cupping therapy of prophetic medicine) significantly and safely reduces iron overload and oxidative stress in thalassemic children: a novel pilot study. J Blood Med 2018; 9:241-251. [PMID: 30588142 PMCID: PMC6300367 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s170523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thalassemia is a major health problem due to iron overload, iron deposition and oxidative stress-induced tissue damage. Here, we introduce Al-hijamah (a minor surgical excretory procedure) as a novel percutaneous iron excretion therapy. Al-hijamah is a wet cupping therapy of prophetic medicine, and prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, strongly recommended Al-hijamah, saying: “The best of your treatment is Al-hijamah”. Aim of the study Our study aimed at investigating the safety, iron chelation, pharmacological potentiation and oxidant clearance effects exerted by Al-hijamah to thalassemic children. Patients and methods Ethical committee’s approval and patients’ written agreement consents were obtained. We treated 20 thalassemic children (15 males and five females aged 9.07±4.26 years) with iron chelation therapy (ICT) plus Al-hijamah (using sterile disposable sets and in a complete aseptic environment) vs a control group treated with ICT only. This clinical trial was registered in the ClinicalTrial.gov registry under the name “Study of the Therapeutic Benefits of Al-hijamah in Children with Beta Thalassemia Major” (identifier no NCT 02761395) on 30 January 2016. Results Al-hijamah was quite simple, safe, effective, tolerable (with no side effects) and time-saving procedure (30–60 minutes). A single session of Al-hijamah significantly reduced iron overload (P<0.001) in all thalassemic children. Al-hijamah significantly decreased serum ferritin by 25.22% (from 3,778.350±551.633 ng/mL to 2,825.300±558.94 ng/mL), significantly decreased oxidative stress by 68.69% (P<0.05; serum malondialdehyde dropped from 42.155±12.42 to 13.195±0.68 nmol/L), exerted pharmacological potentiation to ICT and significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (P<0.001) by 260.95% (from 13.195±0.68 nmol/L to 42.86±12.40 nmol/L through excreting reactive oxygen species). Moreover, therapeutic indices for evaluating Al-hijamah were promising. Conclusion Al-hijamah is a novel, safe, effective percutaneous iron excretion therapy through percutaneous iron excretion with minimal blood loss in agreement with the evidence-based Taibah mechanism. Al-hijamah is an effective outpatient hematological procedure that is safer than many pediatric procedures such as catheterization, hemofiltration and dialysis. Increasing the number of cups during Al-hijamah session or the number of sessions reduces iron overload more strongly. Medical practice of Al-hijamah is strongly recommended in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Shanshory
- Prophetic Medicine Course and Research, Taibah College of Medicine, Medina, Saudi Arabia, .,Department of Pediatrics, Tanta University Faculty of Medicine, Tanta Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Nahed M Hablas
- Department of Pediatrics, Tanta University Faculty of Medicine, Tanta Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Yasmin Shebl
- Department of Pediatrics, Tanta University Faculty of Medicine, Tanta Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Fakhreldin
- Department of Pediatrics, Aswan Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Attia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hamdi H Almaramhy
- Department of Surgery, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam Baghdadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Mongi Ayat
- Prophetic Medicine Course and Research, Taibah College of Medicine, Medina, Saudi Arabia, .,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Amal Albeihany
- Department of Hematology, King Fahd Hospital, Ministry of Health, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr El-Dardear
- Prophetic Medicine Course and Research, Taibah College of Medicine, Medina, Saudi Arabia, .,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hoda Ali Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Manal Mohamed Helmy Nabo
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, King Fahad Hospital, Ministry of Health, Medina, Saudi Arabia.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatrics Department, Sohag Teaching Hospital, Ministry of Health, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Salah Mohamed El Sayed
- Prophetic Medicine Course and Research, Taibah College of Medicine, Medina, Saudi Arabia, .,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia, .,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt,
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10
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Jaime-Pérez JC, Aguilar-Calderón PE, Salazar-Cavazos L, Gómez-Almaguer D. Evans syndrome: clinical perspectives, biological insights and treatment modalities. J Blood Med 2018; 9:171-184. [PMID: 30349415 PMCID: PMC6190623 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s176144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Evans syndrome (ES) is a rare and chronic autoimmune disease characterized by autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenic purpura with a positive direct anti-human globulin test. It is classified as primary and secondary, with the frequency in patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia being 37%–73%. It predominates in children, mainly due to primary immunodeficiencies or autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. ES during pregnancy is associated with high fetal morbidity, including severe hemolysis and intracranial bleeding with neurological sequelae and death. The clinical presentation can include fatigue, pallor, jaundice and mucosal bleeding, with remissions and exacerbations during the person’s lifetime, and acute manifestations as catastrophic bleeding and massive hemolysis. Recent molecular theories explaining the physiopathology of ES include deficiencies of CTLA-4, LRBA, TPP2 and a decreased CD4/CD8 ratio. As in other autoimmune cytopenias, there is no established evidence-based treatment and steroids are the first-line therapy, with intravenous immunoglobulin administered as a life-saving resource in cases of severe immune thrombocytopenic purpura manifestations. Second-line treatment for refractory ES includes rituximab, mofetil mycophenolate, cyclosporine, vincristine, azathioprine, sirolimus and thrombopoietin receptor agonists. In cases unresponsive to immunosuppressive agents, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been successful, although it is necessary to consider its potential serious adverse effects. In conclusion, ES is a disease with a heterogeneous course that remains challenging to patients and physicians, with prospective clinical trials needed to explore potential targeted therapy to achieve an improved long-term response or even a cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Jaime-Pérez
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine Division, Dr José E González University Hospital, School of Medicine of the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México,
| | - Patrizia Elva Aguilar-Calderón
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine Division, Dr José E González University Hospital, School of Medicine of the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México,
| | - Lorena Salazar-Cavazos
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine Division, Dr José E González University Hospital, School of Medicine of the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México,
| | - David Gómez-Almaguer
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine Division, Dr José E González University Hospital, School of Medicine of the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México,
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11
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Atyabi AS, Nejatbakhsh F, Kenari HM, Eghbalian F, Ayati MH, Shirbeigi L. Persian medicine non-pharmacological therapies for headache: phlebotomy and wet cupping. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(18)30639-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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GAO X, CHEN B, CHEN Z, YU W, XING L, LI N, CHEN X. Analysis of the characteristics of Al-Hijamah bloodletting therapy in Arab region. WORLD JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE-MOXIBUSTION 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wjam.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Wet cupping (Al-hijamah) is a therapeutic technique practiced worldwide as a part of the Unani system of medicine. It involves bloodletting from acupoints on a patient’s skin to produce a therapeutic outcome. A thorough review of research articles on wet cupping with relevance to proteomics field that are indexed by Google Scholar, PubMed, and/or Science Direct databases was performed. Eight original research articles were summarized in this paper. Overall, wet cupping did not have a significant effect on C-reactive protein, Hsp-27, sister chromatid exchanges, and cell replication index. In contrast, wet cupping was found to produce higher oxygen saturation, eliminate lactate from subcutaneous tissues, remove blood containing higher levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, and produce higher activity of myeloperoxidase. The proteomic effects of wet cupping therapy have not been adequately investigated. Thus, future studies on wet cupping that use systemic and sound protocols to avoid bias should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer A Almaiman
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, Community College of Unaizah, Qassim University, Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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14
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Bordbar M, Pasalar M, Safaei S, Kamfiroozi R, Zareifar S, Zekavat O, Haghpanah S. Complementary and alternative medicine use in thalassemia patients in Shiraz, southern Iran: A cross-sectional study. J Tradit Complement Med 2017; 8:141-146. [PMID: 29322002 PMCID: PMC5755989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the frequency and pattern of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use in thalassemia patients in south of Iran. The survey was done using a validated questionnaire which was distributed among 122 thalassemia patients. Only 108 questionnaires were completed and turned back (response rate 88.5%). Patients referred to an outpatient thalassemia clinic in Shiraz, southern Iran for blood transfusion. The mean age of the patients was 22.9 ± 7.9 years (range 4–45 years) with female/male ratio 1.84. Seventy four (68.5%) of the responders used CAM at least once during their life, and about half of them used it concurrently with their conventional treatments. The most reported CAM product was mint juice (50%). The most common reason of CAM use was increased general health. The most common information source about CAM was physicians who were the most trusted source as well. CAM is frequently being used in thalassemia patients to ensure their sense of well-being and help them overcome the complications of their illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Pasalar
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Safaei
- Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Iran
| | - Roza Kamfiroozi
- Amir Oncology Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sohelia Zareifar
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omidreza Zekavat
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sezaneh Haghpanah
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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15
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Baghdadi H, Abdel-Aziz N, Ahmed NS, Mahmoud HS, Barghash A, Nasrat A, Nabo MMH, El Sayed SM. Ameliorating Role Exerted by Al-Hijamah in Autoimmune Diseases: Effect on Serum Autoantibodies and Inflammatory Mediators. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2015; 9:207-232. [PMID: 26309442 PMCID: PMC4538900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases have common properties characterized by abnormal blood chemistry with high serum autoimmune antibodies, and inflammatory mediators. Those causative pathological substances (CPS) cannot be excreted by physiological mechanisms. Current treatments for autoimmune diseases involve steroids, cytotoxic drugs, plasmapheresis and monoclonal antibodies. Wet cupping therapy (WCT) of prophetic medicine is called Al-hijamah that treats numerous diseases having different etiology and pathogenesis via a pressure-dependent and size-dependent non-specific filtration then excretion of CPS causing clearance of blood and interstitial fluids. Al-hijamah clears blood passing through the fenestrated skin capillaries. Medical bases of Al-hijamah were reported in the evidence-based Taibah mechanism (Taibah theory). Al-hijamah was reported to be an excellent treatment for rheumatoid arthritis that improved patients' blood chemistry and induced significant clinical improvement and pharmacological potentiation. Al-hijamah improved the natural immunity and suppressed the pathological immunity through decreasing the serum level of autoantibodies, inflammatory mediators, and serum ferritin (a key player in autoimmunity). Al-hijamah reduced significantly pain severity, number of swollen joints and disease activity with no significant side effects. Main steps of Al-hijamah are skin suction (cupping), scarification (sharatmihjam in Arabic) and second suction (triple S technique) that is better therapeutically than the traditional WCT (double S technique). Whenever an excess noxious substance is to be removed from patients' blood and interstitial fluids, Al-hijamah is indicated. Shartatmihjam is a curative treatment in prophetic teachings according to the prophetic hadeeth: "Cure is in three: in shartatmihjam, oral honey and cauterization. I do not recommend my nation to cauterize". Al-hijamah may have better therapeutic benefits than plasmapheresis. Al-hijamah may be promising in treating autoimmune diseases as a sole treatment or adjuvant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Baghdadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt
| | - Nagwa Sayed Ahmed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt
| | - Hany Salah Mahmoud
- World Federation of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, Cairo Regional Headquarter, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman Barghash
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Nasrat
- Balaghsoun Clinics compound, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Mohamed Helmy Nabo
- Department of Pediatrics, Sohag Teaching Hospital, Sohag, Egypt
- Division of Pediatric cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Maternity and Children Hospital, King Abdullah Medical City, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah Mohamed El Sayed
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt
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